Izinyathelo zokwelashwa nokuvimbela imifantu kakhonkolo emhubheni okhipha izikhukhula esiteshini samandla kagesi
1.1 Uhlolojikelele lwephrojekthi yomhubhe wokulahla izikhukhula weSiteshi sikagesi iShuanghekou Hydropower Station eMfuleni iMengjiang
Umhubhe okhipha izikhukhula we-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station e-Mengjiang River Basin esifundazweni sase-Guizhou uthatha isimo sesango ledolobha. Wonke umhubhe ungamamitha angu-528 ubude, kanti indawo yokungena nokuphuma iphakeme ngamamitha angu-536.65 kanye namamitha angu-494.2 ngokulandelana. Phakathi kwabo, ngemva kokugcinwa kwamanzi okuqala kwe-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station , Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwendawo, kwatholakala ukuthi lapho izinga lamanzi endaweni yokugcina amanzi liphakeme kunokuphakama kwe-arch yepulaki yomhubhe wezikhukhula, amalunga okwakhiwa kanye namajoyini abandayo kakhonkolo wepuleti eliphansi le-shaft enekhanda elide elithambekele elikhiqizwe inani le-seapage yamanzi e-reserv elihambisana nenani lamanzi lokubona amanzi. ukukhuphuka nokuqhubeka nokukhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugeleza kwamanzi kwenzeka futhi odongeni oluseceleni kwamalunga abandayo kakhonkolo kanye namalunga okwakhiwa engxenyeni ye-shaft ethambekele yaseLongzhuang. Ngemva kophenyo nocwaningo olwenziwa izisebenzi ezifanele, kwatholakala ukuthi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokugeleza kwamanzi kulezi zingxenye kwakungenxa yezimo ezimbi zokuma komhlaba ze-rock strata kule mihubhe, ukwelashwa okungagculisi kwamalunga okwakha, ukukhiqizwa kwamalunga abandayo ngesikhathi sokuthululwa kukakhonkolo, kanye nokungaqini kahle nokugqwala kwamapulaki omhubhe we-duxun. Jia et al. Kuze kube manje, abasebenzi abathintekayo bahlongoze indlela yokukhipha amakhemikhali endaweni egelezayo ukuze kuvinjwe ngempumelelo ukugeleza nokuqeda imifantu.
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1.2 Ukwelashwa kwemifantu emhubheni wokuphuma kwezikhukhula we-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station eMfuleni iMengjiang
Zonke izingxenye ezikhuliziwe zomhubhe okhipha izikhukhula weSiteshi Samandla Kagesi i-Luding zenziwe ngokhonkolo we-HFC40, futhi imifantu eminingi edalwe ukwakhiwa kwedamu lesiteshi sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi isatshalaliswa lapha. Ngokwezibalo, imifantu igxile kakhulu engxenyeni yedamu engu-0+180~0+600. Indawo eyinhloko yemifantu udonga oluseceleni olunebanga elingu-1 ~ 7m ukusuka epuleti eliphansi, futhi ububanzi obuningi bungaba ngu-0.1 mm, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokugcina impahla. Ingxenye emaphakathi yokusabalalisa iyona kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, i-angle yokuvela kwemifantu kanye ne-angle enezingqimba ihlala inkulu noma ilingana no-45. , ukuma kuqhekekile futhi kungavamile, futhi imifantu ekhiqiza amanzi aphuma emanzini ngokuvamile anenani elincane lokuphuma kwamanzi, kuyilapho iningi lemifantu libonakala limanzi kuphela endaweni ehlangene futhi ama-watermark avela endaweni ekhonkolo, kodwa kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezicacile zokuphuma kwamanzi. Awekho neze imikhondo yamanzi agelezayo amancane. Ngokubheka isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwemifantu, kuyaziwa ukuthi imifantu izovela lapho i-formwork isuswa amahora angu-24 ngemva kokuthululelwa ukhonkolo ekuqaleni, bese le mifantu izofinyelela kancane kancane isikhathi esiphezulu mayelana nezinsuku ezingu-7 ngemva kokususwa kwe-formwork. Ngeke iyeke ukukhula kancane kuze kube yi-l5-20 d ngemuva kokudilizwa.
2. Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela ngempumelelo imifantu kakhonkolo emhubheni wokulahla izikhukhula eziteshini eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi
2.1 Indlela ye-Chemical grouting yomhubhe we-spillway we-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station
2.1.1 Isingeniso, izici kanye nokumiswa kwezinto
Impahla ye-chemical slurry yi-PCI-CW high permeability modified epoxy resin. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinamandla amakhulu okuhlangana, futhi zingelapheka ekamelweni lokushisa, ngokuncipha okuncane ngemva kokuphulukiswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, zinezici zamandla aphezulu emishini kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuzinzile, ngakho-ke kunemiphumela emihle yokumisa amanzi kanye nokuyeka ukuvuza. Lolu hlobo lokuqinisa i-grouting material lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseni nasekuqiniseni amaphrojekthi okonga amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezibonakalayo zinezinzuzo zenqubo elula, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi akukho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
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2.1.2 Izinyathelo zokwakha
Okokuqala, bheka ama-seams bese ubhoboza izimbobo. Hlanza imifantu etholakala ku-spillway ngamanzi anomfutho ophezulu futhi uhlehlise indawo yesisekelo sikakhonkolo, futhi uhlole imbangela yokuqhekeka kanye nesiqondiso semifantu. Futhi sebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa imbobo yomgodi kanye nembobo ethambekele yokubhoboza. Ngemuva kokuqeda ukubhoboza umgodi othambekele, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umoya ophezulu kanye nesibhamu samanzi sokucindezela okuphezulu ukuze uhlole umgodi nokuqhekeka, futhi uqedele ukuqoqwa kwedatha yobukhulu bokuqhekeka.
Okwesibili, izimbobo zendwangu, izimbobo zokuvala nokuvala ama-seams. Nalapha futhi, sebenzisa umoya onomfutho ophezulu ukuze usule imbobo yokugezela ezokwakhiwa, bese ususa inzika efakwe ngaphansi komsele kanye nasodongeni lomgodi, bese ufaka isivimbeli sembobo yokugaya bese usimaka embotsheni yepayipi. Ukukhonjwa kwe-grout kanye nezimbobo zokuphefumula. Ngemuva kokuthi izimbobo zokugaya sezilungisiwe, sebenzisa i-agent ye-PSI-130 yokuxhuma ngokushesha ukuze uvale imigodi, futhi usebenzise usimende we-epoxy ukuze uqhubeke nokuqinisa ukuvala imigodi. Ngemuva kokuvala indawo yokuvula, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushise umsele ongu-2cm ububanzi no-2cm ukushona ngalapho kuqhekeka khona ukhonkolo. Ngemuva kokuhlanza i-groove e-chiseled kanye namanzi okucindezela okubuyisela emuva, sebenzisa ukuxhuma okusheshayo ukuze uvale i-groove.
Nakulokhu futhi, ngemva kokuhlola ukungena komoya wepayipi elingcwatshwe, qala umsebenzi wokukhipha i-grouting. Phakathi nenqubo ye-grouting, izimbobo ze-oblique ezinezinombolo ezingavamile zigcwaliswa kuqala, futhi inani lemigodi lihlelwa ngokuvumelana nobude benqubo yangempela yokwakha. Lapho u-grouting, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ngokugcwele isimo se-grouting yezimbobo eziseduze. Uma izimbobo eziseduze sezine-grouting, wonke amanzi emigodini ye-grouting adinga ukuchithwa, bese exhunyaniswa nepayipi ye-grouting futhi akhishwe. Ngokwendlela engenhla, imbobo ngayinye ihlutshiwe ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi naphansi kuye phezulu.
Izinyathelo zokwelashwa nokuvimbela imifantu kakhonkolo emhubheni okhipha izikhukhula esiteshini samandla kagesi
Ekugcineni, i-grout iphetha ngokujwayelekile. Izinga lokucindezela le-grouting yamakhemikhali yokuqhekeka kukakhonkolo ku-spillway yinani elijwayelekile elinikezwa umklamo. Ngokuvamile, ukucindezela okukhulu kwe-grouting kufanele kube ngaphansi noma kulingane no-1.5 MPa. Ukunqunywa kokuphela kwe-grouting kusekelwe kumthamo womjovo kanye nosayizi wengcindezi ye-grouting. Isidingo esiyisisekelo siwukuthi ngemva kokuba ingcindezi ye-grouting ifinyelela phezulu, i-grouting ngeke isangena emgodini ngaphakathi kwe-30mm. Kuleli qophelo, ukubopha ipayipi kanye nokusebenza kokuvala okudaka kungenziwa.
Izimbangela nezinyathelo zokwelapha zokuqhekeka komhubhe okhishwa yizikhukhula we-Luding Hydropower Station
2.2.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezimbangela zokuchitheka kwezikhukhula emhubheni weSiteshi Samanzi SaseLuding
Okokuqala, izinto zokusetshenziswa azihambisani kahle nokuzinza. Okwesibili, inani likasimende ku-mix ratio likhulu, okwenza ukhonkolo ukhiqize ukushisa okukhulu kwe-hydration. Okwesibili, ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo kwe-coefficient ye-rock aggregates emigodleni yomfula, lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha, ama-aggregate kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-coagulating materials izohlakazeka. Okwesithathu, ukhonkolo we-HF unezidingo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bokwakha, kunzima ukwazi kahle enqubweni yokwakha, futhi ukulawulwa kwesikhathi sokudlidliza nendlela akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuthi umhubhe wokukhipha izikhukhula weSiteshi se-Luding Hydropower ungena, ukugeleza komoya okuqinile kwenzeka, okuholela ekushiseni okuphansi ngaphakathi komhubhe, okubangela umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kukakhonkolo nendawo ezungezile yangaphandle.
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2.2.2 Izinyathelo zokwelashwa nokuvimbela imifantu emhubheni okhipha izikhukhula
(1) Ukuze kuncishiswe umoya wokungenisa umoya emhubheni futhi kuvikelwe izinga lokushisa likakhonkolo, ukuze kwehliswe umehluko wokushisa phakathi kukakhonkolo nendawo ezungezile yangaphandle, uhlaka olugobile lungamiswa ekuphumeni komhubhe wokuchitheka, futhi ikhethini likaseyili lingalengiswa.
(2) Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla, ingxenye kakhonkolo kufanele ilungiswe, inani likasimende lincishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka, kanye nenani lomlotha wezimpukane kufanele linyuswe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kunciphe ukushisa kokufakwa kukakhonkolo, ukuze kuncishiswe ukushisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kukakhonkolo. umehluko wokushisa.
(3) Sebenzisa ikhompuyutha ukulawula inani lamanzi engeziwe, ukuze isilinganiso samanzi nosimende silawulwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokuxuba ukhonkolo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuxuba, ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa lokuphuma kwezinto eziluhlaza, kuyadingeka ukwamukela izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu. Lapho uthutha ukhonkolo ehlobo, ukufakwa okushisayo okuhambisanayo kanye nezinyathelo zokupholisa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuncishiswe ngokuphumelelayo ukushisa kokhonkolo ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
(4) Inqubo yokudlidliza idinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile enqubweni yokwakha, futhi ukusebenza kokudlidliza kuqiniswa ngokusebenzisa izinti ezinyakazayo zeshaft ezinobubanzi obungu-100 mm no-70 mm.
(5) Lawula ngokuqinile isivinini sikakhonkolo ongena endaweni yokugcina impahla, ukuze isivinini saso esikhuphuka sibe ngaphansi noma silingane no-0.8 m/h.
(6) Nweba isikhathi sokususwa kwe-formwork yekhonkrithi ibe yizikhathi ezingu-1 kunesikhathi sokuqala, okungukuthi, ukusuka ku-24 h kuya ku-48 h.
(7) Ngemva kokudiliza i-formwork, thumela izisebenzi ezikhethekile ukuba zenze umsebenzi wokulungisa ukuchelela kuphrojekthi kakhonkolo kusenesikhathi. Amanzi okugcina kufanele agcinwe ku-20℃ noma ngaphezu kwamanzi afudumele, futhi indawo ekhonkolo kufanele igcinwe imanzi.
(8) Ithemometha igqitshwa endaweni yokugcina izimpahla zikakhonkolo, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kukakhonkolo liyagadwa, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa likakhonkolo kanye nesizukulwane sokuqhekeka buyahlaziywa ngempumelelo.
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Ngokuhlaziya izimbangela nezindlela zokwelapha umhubhe wokukhishwa kwezikhukhula we-Shuanghekou Hydropower Station kanye nomhubhe wokukhishwa kwezikhukhula we-Luding Hydropower Station, kuyaziwa ukuthi okokuqala kungenxa yezimo ezimbi ze-geological, ukwelashwa okungagculisi kwamalunga okwakha, amalunga abandayo kanye nemigede ye-duxun ngesikhathi sokuthulula ukhonkolo. Imifantu emhubheni wokukhipha izikhukhula okubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwepulaki okungalungile kanye ne-grouting ingacindezelwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokugxusha kwamakhemikhali ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu eziguquliwe ze-epoxy resin; ukuqhekeka kokugcina okubangelwa ukushisa okwedlulele kwe-concrete hydration, Imifantu ingelashwa futhi ivinjwe ngokuphumelelayo ngokunciphisa ngokunengqondo inani likasimende nokusebenzisa i-polycarboxylate superplasticizer kanye nezinto zokukhonkolo ze-C9035.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-17-2022
