Kwimilambo yendalo, amanzi ahamba ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi exutywe nenkunkuma, kwaye ahlala ehlamba ummandla womlambo kunye neentlambo zebhanki, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kukho amandla athile afihliweyo emanzini. Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, la mandla anokubakho asetyenziswa ekukhuhleni, ekutyhaleni inkunkuma kunye nokoyisa ukumelana nokungqubana. Ukuba sakha izakhiwo ezithile size sifake izixhobo ezifunekayo ukwenza umsinga oqhubekayo wokuhamba kwamanzi nge-turbine yamanzi, i-turbine yamanzi iya kuqhutywa ngumsinga wamanzi, njenge-windmill, enokujikeleza ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye amandla amanzi aya kuguqulwa abe ngamandla oomatshini. Xa i-turbine yamanzi iqhuba i-generator ukuba ijikeleze kunye, inokuvelisa umbane, kwaye amandla amanzi aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane. Lo ngumgaqo osisiseko wokuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi. Ii-turbine zamanzi kunye neejenereyitha zezona zixhobo zisisiseko zokuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi. Makhe ndikunike intshayelelo emfutshane kulwazi oluncinci malunga nokuveliswa kwamandla ombane ngamanzi.
1. Amandla ombane wamanzi kunye namandla okuhamba kwamanzi
Kuyilo lwesikhululo samandla ombane, ukuze kuchongwe ubungakanani besikhululo samandla ombane, kuyimfuneko ukwazi amandla okuvelisa umbane wesikhululo samandla ombane. Ngokwemigaqo esisiseko yokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi, akunzima ukubona ukuba amandla okuvelisa umbane wesikhululo samandla ombane amiselwa bubungakanani bomsebenzi onokwenziwa ngumbane. Sibiza umsebenzi opheleleyo onokwenziwa ngamanzi kwixesha elithile njengamandla amanzi, kwaye umsebenzi onokwenziwa kwiyunithi yexesha (yesibini) ubizwa ngokuba ngamandla angoku. Ngokucacileyo, amandla amakhulu okuhamba kwamanzi, kokukhona amandla amakhulu okuvelisa umbane wesikhululo samandla ombane. Ke ngoko, ukuze sazi amandla okuvelisa umbane wesikhululo samandla ombane, kufuneka siqale sibale amandla okuhamba kwamanzi. Amandla okuhamba kwamanzi emlanjeni angabalwa ngale ndlela, sicinga ukuba ukuhla kwamanzi kwicandelo elithile lomlambo yi-H (iimitha), kwaye umthamo wamanzi we-H odlula kwicandelo elinqamlezileyo lomlambo ngexesha leyunithi (imizuzwana) yi-Q (iimitha zetyhubhu/yesibini), emva koko ukuhamba Amandla ecandelo alingana nemveliso yobunzima bamanzi kunye nokuhla. Ngokucacileyo, okukhona amanzi ehla kakhulu, kokukhona amanzi ehla kakhulu, kwaye kokukhona amandla okuhamba kwamanzi enyuka kakhulu.
2. Imveliso yezikhululo zamandla ombane ngamanzi
Phantsi kwentloko ethile kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi, umbane onokuveliswa sisikhululo samanzi ubizwa ngokuba yi-hydropower output. Ngokucacileyo, amandla okukhupha axhomekeke kumandla okuhamba kwamanzi nge-turbine. Kwinkqubo yokuguqula amandla amanzi abe ngamandla ombane, amanzi kufuneka oyise ukumelana kwemilambo okanye izakhiwo endleleni ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Iiturbine zamanzi, iijenereyitha, kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa amanzi kufuneka zoyise ukumelana okuninzi ngexesha lomsebenzi. Ukuze koyiswe ukumelana, kufuneka kwenziwe umsebenzi, kwaye amandla okuhamba kwamanzi aya kusetyenziswa, into engenakuphepheka. Ke ngoko, amandla okuhamba kwamanzi anokusetyenziswa ukuvelisa umbane mancinci kunexabiso elifunyenwe yifomyula, oko kukuthi, imveliso yesikhululo samanzi kufuneka ilingane namandla okuhamba kwamanzi aphindaphindwe ngento engaphantsi kwe-1. Le coefficient ikwabizwa ngokuba kukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo samanzi.
Ixabiso elithile lokusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo samandla ombane ngamanzi linxulumene nobungakanani bokulahleka kwamandla okwenzekayo xa amanzi ehamba kwisakhiwo nakwi-turbine yamanzi, izixhobo zothumelo, ijenereyitha, njl.njl., okukhona ilahleko inkulu, kokukhona ukusebenza kakuhle kwehla. Kwisikhululo samandla ombane esincinci, isimbuku sale lahleko simalunga ne-25-40% yamandla okuhamba kwamanzi. Oko kukuthi, ukuhamba kwamanzi okunokuvelisa ii-kilowatts ezili-100 zombane kungena kwisikhululo samandla ombane ngamanzi, kwaye ijenereyitha inokuvelisa ii-kilowatts ezingama-60 ukuya kuma-75 kuphela zombane, ngoko ke ukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo samandla ombane ngamanzi kufana ne-60-75%.
Kuyabonakala kwintshayelelo yangaphambili ukuba xa isantya sokuhamba kwesikhululo samandla kunye nomahluko wamanzi zihleli, amandla okukhupha isikhululo samandla axhomekeke ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Indlela yokusebenza iye yabonisa ukuba ukongeza ekusebenzeni kwee-hydraulic turbines, iijenereyitha kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa, ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezikhululo zamandla ombane, ezinje ngomgangatho wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nokufakwa kwezixhobo, umgangatho wokusebenza kunye nolawulo, kunye nokuba uyilo lwesikhululo samandla ombane luchanekile, zonke zizinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwesikhululo samandla ombane. Kakade ke, ezinye zezi zinto zinempembelelo ziphambili kwaye ezinye zezesibini, kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezithile, izinto eziphambili nezesibini nazo ziya kutshintsha zibe zezinye.
Nangona kunjalo, nokuba yintoni na le nto, into ebalulekileyo kukuba abantu abangoonto, oomatshini balawulwa ngabantu, kwaye iteknoloji ilawulwa yingcinga. Ke ngoko, kuyilo, ulwakhiwo kunye nokukhethwa kwezixhobo zezikhululo zamanzi, kuyimfuneko ukunika indima epheleleyo yabantu, kunye nokulwela ukugqwesa kwitekhnoloji ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla okuhamba kwamanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kungenxa yezinye izikhululo zamanzi apho ithontsi lamanzi ngokwalo liphantsi. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kunye nolawulo lwezikhululo zamanzi, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwezikhululo zamandla, kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo izixhobo zamanzi, kwaye kuvunyelwe izikhululo zamanzi ezincinci ukuba zidlale indima enkulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-09-2021
