Munzizi dzechisikigo, mvura inoyerera kubva kumusoro kuenda pasi yakasanganiswa nedota, uye inowanzo geza rwizi nemahombekombe egungwa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kune simba rakati wandei rakavanzwa mumvura. Mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo, simba iri rinogona kushandiswa mukukwesha, kusunda dota uye kukunda kupesana. Kana tikavaka zvimwe zvivakwa uye kuisa mimwe michina inodiwa kuti mvura ifambe zvakanaka kuburikidza neturbine yemvura, turbine yemvura ichafambiswa nemvura, semhepo, inogona kutenderera nguva dzose, uye simba remvura richashandurwa kuita simba remakanika. Kana turbine yemvura ikafambisa jenareta kuti itenderere pamwe chete, inogona kugadzira magetsi, uye simba remvura rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi. Iyi ndiyo musimboti wekutanga wekugadzira simba remagetsi. Maturbine emvura nemajenareta ndiwo michina inonyanya kukosha yekugadzira simba remagetsi. Regai ndikupei sumo pfupi yeruzivo rudiki nezvekugadzira simba remagetsi.
1. Simba remvura uye simba rekuyerera kwemvura
Mukugadzira nzvimbo yemagetsi emvura, kuti tizive chiyero chenzvimbo yemagetsi, zvakakosha kuziva kugona kwekugadzira magetsi kwenzvimbo yemagetsi. Zvichienderana nenheyo dzekutanga dzekugadzira magetsi emvura, hazvisi zvakaoma kuona kuti kugona kwekugadzira magetsi kwenzvimbo yemagetsi kunotsanangurwa nehuwandu hwebasa rinogona kuitwa nemagetsi. Tinodana basa rese rinogona kuitwa nemvura munguva yakati sesimba remvura, uye basa rinogona kuitwa muchikamu chenguva (chechipiri) rinonzi simba remagetsi. Zviri pachena kuti simba remvura rinokura, simba rekugadzira magetsi renzvimbo yemagetsi rinokura. Saka, kuti tizive kugona kwekugadzira magetsi kwenzvimbo yemagetsi, tinofanira kutanga taverenga simba remvura rinoyerera. Simba remvura rinoyerera murwizi rinogona kuverengerwa nenzira iyi, tichifunga kuti kudonha kwemvura pamusoro pechikamu cherwizi iH (mita), uye huwandu hwemvura hweH hunopfuura nepakati pechikamu cherwizi munguva yechikamu (masekondi) iQ (cubic metres/sekondi), ipapo kuyerera Simba rechikamu rakaenzana nechibereko chehuremu hwemvura nedonhwe. Zviri pachena kuti, kana mvura yadonha zvakanyanya, mvura inoyerera zvakanyanya, uye simba rekuyerera kwemvura rinokwirawo.
2. Kubuda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura
Pasi pemusoro nekufamba kwemagetsi, magetsi anogona kugadzirwa nechiteshi chemagetsi emvura anonzi hydropower output. Zviri pachena kuti simba rinobuda rinoenderana nesimba rekuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza neturbine. Mukushandura simba remvura kuita simba remagetsi, mvura inofanira kukunda kuramba kwerwizi kana zvivakwa munzira kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi perwizi. Maturbine emvura, majenareta, uye michina yekutumira magetsi inofanirawo kukunda kuramba kwakawanda panguva yebasa. Kuti ikunde kuramba, basa rinofanira kuitwa, uye simba rekuyerera kwemvura richashandiswa, izvo zvisingadzivisike. Naizvozvo, simba rekuyerera kwemvura rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira magetsi diki pane kukosha kunowanikwa nefomula, kureva kuti, kubuda kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura kunofanirwa kuenzana nesimba rekuyerera kwemvura rakawedzerwa nechinhu chiri pasi pe1. Iyi coefficient inonziwo kushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura.
Kukosha kwekushanda zvakanaka kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura kunoenderana nehuwandu hwesimba rinorasikirwa naro kana mvura ichiyerera muchivako uye muturbine yemvura, michina yekutumira, jenareta, nezvimwewo, kurasikirwa kukuru, ndiko kudzikira kwekushanda zvakanaka. Muchiteshi chidiki chemagetsi emvura, huwandu hwekurasikirwa uku hunosvika 25-40% yesimba rekuyerera kwemvura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, mvura inogona kugadzira 100 kilowatts yemagetsi inopinda muchiteshi chemagetsi emvura, uye jenareta inogona chete kugadzira 60 kusvika 75 kilowatts yemagetsi, saka kushanda zvakanaka kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura Izvozvo zvakaenzana ne60~75%.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva mukutanga kwekutanga kuti kana mwero wekuyerera kwechiteshi chemagetsi uye musiyano wehuwandu hwemvura zvikaramba zviripo, simba rinobuda panzvimbo yemagetsi rinoenderana nekushanda zvakanaka. Maitiro akaratidza kuti pamusoro pekushanda kwema hydraulic turbines, majenareta nemidziyo yekutumira, zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi, zvakaita semhando yekuvaka nekuisa michina, mhando yekushanda nekutarisira, uye kana dhizaini yechiteshi chemagetsi emvura yakarurama, zvese zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura. Ehe, zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinopesvedzera ndezvekutanga uye zvimwe ndezvechipiri, uye pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinhu zvekutanga nezvechipiri zvichachinjawo kuita chimwe nechimwe.
Zvisinei, zvisinei nekuti chii chiri chikonzero, chinhu chikuru ndechekuti vanhu havasi zvinhu, michina inodzorwa nevanhu, uye tekinoroji inotongwa nepfungwa. Saka, mukugadzira, kuvaka uye kusarudza michina yezviteshi zvemagetsi, zvakakosha kupa basa rakazara revanhu, uye kuedza kuita tekinoroji zvakanaka kuderedza kurasikirwa nesimba kwemvura zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Izvi ndezvezvimwe zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura uko mvura inodonhera pachayo. Zvakakosha zvikuru. Panguva imwe chete, zvakakosha kusimbisa mashandiro nekutarisira zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, kuitira kuvandudza mashandiro ezviteshi zvemagetsi, kushandisa zviwanikwa zvemvura zvizere, uye kugonesa zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi emvura kutamba basa rakakura.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-09-2021
