Emifuleni yemvelo, amanzi ageleza esuka phezulu aye phansi exutshwe nenhlabathi, futhi avame ukugeza usebe lomfula kanye nemithambeka yasebhange, okubonisa ukuthi kunesilinganiso esithile samandla afihliwe emanzini. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, la mandla angaba khona asetshenziswa ekukhuhleni, ekusunduzeni inhlabathi kanye nokunqoba ukumelana nokungqubuzana. Uma sakha izakhiwo ezithile futhi sifake imishini ethile edingekayo ukuze senze umfudlana wamanzi ugeleze njalo nge-turbine yamanzi, i-turbine yamanzi izoqhutshwa ugesi wamanzi, njenge-windmill, engajikeleza njalo, futhi amandla amanzi azoguqulwa abe amandla omshini. Lapho i-turbine yamanzi iqhuba i-generator ukuthi ijikeleze ndawonye, ingakhiqiza ugesi, futhi amandla amanzi aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi. Ama-turbine amanzi kanye nama-generator yimishini eyisisekelo kakhulu yokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi. Ake ngikunikeze isingeniso esifushane solwazi oluncane mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi.
1. Amandla kagesi aphuma emanzini kanye namandla okugeleza kwamanzi
Ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi sikagesi samanzi, ukuze kutholakale ubukhulu besiteshi sikagesi, kubalulekile ukwazi amandla okuphehla ugesi esiteshi sikagesi. Ngokwezimiso eziyisisekelo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, akunzima ukubona ukuthi amandla okuphehla ugesi esiteshi sikagesi anqunywa inani lomsebenzi ongenziwa yi-current. Sibiza umsebenzi ophelele ongenziwa ngamanzi ngesikhathi esithile njengamandla amanzi, kanti umsebenzi ongenziwa ngeyunithi yesikhathi (yesibili) ubizwa ngokuthi amandla amanje. Ngokusobala, lapho amandla okugeleza kwamanzi emakhulu, kulapho amandla okuphehla ugesi esiteshi sikagesi emakhulu khona. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sazi amandla okuphehla ugesi esiteshi sikagesi, kumele siqale sibale amandla okugeleza kwamanzi. Amandla okugeleza kwamanzi emfuleni angabalwa ngale ndlela, uma sicabanga ukuthi ukwehla kwamanzi engxenyeni ethile yomfula kungu-H (amamitha), kanti umthamo wamanzi ka-H odlula engxenyeni ewela umfula ngesikhathi seyunithi (imizuzwana) ungu-Q (amamitha e-cubic/yesibili), khona-ke ukugeleza Amandla esigaba alingana nomkhiqizo wesisindo samanzi kanye nokwehla. Ngokusobala, lapho amanzi ehla kakhulu, kulapho ukugeleza kukhulu khona, futhi kulapho amandla okugeleza kwamanzi eba makhulu khona.
2. Umphumela weziteshi zikagesi zamanzi
Ngaphansi kwekhanda elithile kanye nokugeleza, ugesi ongakhiqizwa yisiteshi sikagesi wamanzi ubizwa ngokuthi ukuphuma kwamandla kagesi. Ngokusobala, amandla okukhipha ancike emandleni okugeleza kwamanzi nge-turbine. Enkambisweni yokuguqula amandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi, amanzi kumele anqobe ukumelana kwemifula noma izakhiwo endleleni kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Ama-turbine amanzi, ama-generator, kanye nemishini yokudlulisa kumele futhi anqobe ukumelana okuningi ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Ukuze kunqotshwe ukumelana, umsebenzi kumele wenziwe, futhi amandla okugeleza kwamanzi azosetshenziswa, okuyinto engenakugwenywa. Ngakho-ke, amandla okugeleza kwamanzi angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi mancane kunenani elitholwe yifomula, okungukuthi, ukuphuma kwesiteshi sikagesi wamanzi kufanele kulingane namandla okugeleza kwamanzi aphindaphindwe ngesici esingaphansi kuka-1. Le coefficient ibizwa nangokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sikagesi wamanzi.
Inani elithile lokusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sikagesi samanzi lihlobene nenani lokulahleka kwamandla okwenzeka lapho amanzi egeleza esakhiweni kanye ne-turbine yamanzi, imishini yokudlulisa, ijenereyitha, njll., lapho ukulahlekelwa kukhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwehla. Esiteshini sikagesi esincane samanzi, isamba salokhu kulahlekelwa sihlanganisa cishe u-25-40% wamandla okugeleza kwamanzi. Okusho ukuthi, ukugeleza kwamanzi okungakhiqiza ama-kilowatts ayi-100 kagesi kungena esiteshini sikagesi samanzi, kanti ijenereyitha ingakhiqiza ama-kilowatts angama-60 kuya kwangu-75 kuphela kagesi, ngakho ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sikagesi samanzi Lokho kufana no-60~75%.
Kungabonakala esingenisweni sangaphambilini ukuthi uma izinga lokugeleza kwesiteshi sikagesi kanye nomehluko wezinga lamanzi kungaguquki, ukukhishwa kwamandla kwesiteshi sikagesi kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle. Umkhuba ubonisile ukuthi ngaphezu kokusebenza kwama-hydraulic turbines, ama-generator kanye nemishini yokudlulisa, ezinye izici ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kweziteshi zikagesi zamanzi, njengekhwalithi yokwakha izakhiwo kanye nokufakwa kwemishini, ikhwalithi yokusebenza nokuphathwa, nokuthi ngabe ukwakheka kwesiteshi sikagesi samanzi kulungile yini, konke kuyizinto ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sikagesi samanzi. Yiqiniso, ezinye zalezi zici ezithonyayo ziyinhloko kanti ezinye zingezesibili, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, izici eziyinhloko nezesibili nazo zizoshintsha zibe zodwa.
Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini le nto, isici esiyinhloko ukuthi abantu abazona izinto, imishini ilawulwa ngabantu, futhi ubuchwepheshe bulawulwa umcabango. Ngakho-ke, ekuklanyweni, ekwakhiweni nasekukhethweni kwemishini yeziteshi zamandla kagesi, kubalulekile ukunikeza indima ephelele yabantu, nokulwela ukwenza kahle kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla okugeleza kwamanzi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yeziteshi zamandla kagesi kagesi lapho ithonsi lamanzi ngokwalo liphansi khona. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisa ukusebenza nokuphathwa kweziteshi zamandla kagesi kagesi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kweziteshi zamandla kagesi, kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele imithombo yamanzi, futhi kuvunyelwe iziteshi zamandla kagesi ezincane ukuthi zidlale indima enkulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-09-2021
