ʻIke liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka Hydropower

I loko o nā muliwai kūlohelohe, kahe ka wai mai luna a i lalo i hui pū ʻia me ka lepo, a holoi pinepine i ka moena o ka muliwai a me nā pali o ka ʻaoʻao, e hōʻike ana he nui ka ikehu i hūnā ʻia i loko o ka wai. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hoʻopau ʻia kēia ikehu hiki ke loaʻa i ka holoi ʻana, ka hoʻokuke ʻana i ka lepo a me ka lanakila ʻana i ke kū'ē ʻana o ka friction. Inā kūkulu mākou i kekahi mau hale a hoʻokomo i kekahi mau lako pono e hana i kahi kahawai wai paʻa ma o kahi turbine wai, e hoʻokele ʻia ka turbine wai e ke au wai, e like me ka wili makani, hiki ke wili mau, a e hoʻololi ʻia ka ikehu wai i ikehu mechanical. Ke hoʻokele ka turbine wai i ka mīkini hana e wili pū, hiki iā ia ke hana i ka uila, a hoʻololi ʻia ka ikehu wai i ikehu uila. ʻO kēia ke kumu nui o ka hana mana hydroelectric. ʻO nā turbine wai a me nā mīkini hana nā lako kumu loa no ka hana mana hydroelectric. E ʻae mai iaʻu e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi hoʻolauna pōkole i ka ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hana mana hydroelectric.

1. Mana wai a me ka mana kahe wai

I ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi kikowaena mana wai, i mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o ke kikowaena mana, pono e ʻike i ka hiki ke hana mana o ke kikowaena mana. Wahi a nā loina kumu o ka hana mana hydroelectric, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke ʻike ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hiki ke hana mana o kahi kikowaena mana e ka nui o ka hana e hiki ke hana ʻia e ke au. Kāhea mākou i ka hana holoʻokoʻa e hiki ai i ka wai ke hana i loko o kekahi manawa he ikehu wai, a ʻo ka hana e hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o kahi anakahi manawa (kekona) ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka mana o kēia manawa. ʻIke loa, ʻo ka nui o ka mana o ke kahe wai, ʻo ka nui o ka hiki ke hana mana o ke kikowaena mana. No laila, no ka ʻike ʻana i ka hiki ke hana mana o ke kikowaena mana, pono mākou e helu mua i ka mana kahe wai. Hiki ke helu ʻia ka mana kahe wai ma ka muliwai ma kēia ʻano, me ka manaʻo ʻana ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ʻilikai wai ma kahi ʻāpana o ka muliwai ʻo H (mika), a ʻo ka nui o ka wai o H e hele ana ma ka ʻāpana kea o ka muliwai ma ka manawa anakahi (kekona) ʻo Q (mika cubic/kekona), a laila ua like ke kahe ʻana o ka mana ʻāpana me ka huahana o ke kaumaha o ka wai a me ka hāʻule ʻana. ʻIke loa, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka kulu ʻana o ka wai, ʻo ka nui o ke kahe ʻana, a ʻo ka nui hoʻi o ka mana o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai.
2. Ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā kikowaena hydropower

Ma lalo o kekahi poʻo a me ke kahe ʻana, ua kapa ʻia ka uila e hiki ai i kahi kikowaena hydropower ke hana ʻia he hydropower output. ʻIke loa, hilinaʻi ka mana hoʻopuka i ka mana o ke kahe wai ma o ka turbine. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu wai i ikehu uila, pono ka wai e lanakila ma luna o ke kū'ē ʻana o nā kahawai a i ʻole nā ​​hale ma ke ala mai uka a i lalo. Pono nā turbine wai, nā mea hana mīkini, a me nā lako hoʻoili e lanakila ma luna o nā kū'ē he nui i ka wā hana. No ka lanakila ʻana i ke kū'ē, pono e hana ʻia ka hana, a e hoʻopau ʻia ka mana kahe wai, he mea hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia. No laila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana kahe wai e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka uila ma mua o ka waiwai i loaʻa e ke ʻano hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e like ka mana o ke kikowaena hydropower me ka mana kahe wai i hoʻonui ʻia e kahi kumu ma lalo o 1. Ua kapa ʻia kēia coefficient ʻo ka pono o kahi kikowaena hydropower.
ʻO ka waiwai kikoʻī o ka pono o kahi kikowaena hydropower e pili ana i ka nui o ka nalowale o ka ikehu e hana ʻia i ka wā e kahe ai ka wai ma o ka hale a me ka turbine wai, nā lako hoʻoili, ka mīkini hana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka nalowale, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka pono. I loko o kahi kikowaena hydropower liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka huina o kēia mau pohō e pili ana i kahi 25-40% o ka mana o ke kahe wai. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ke kahe wai e hiki ke hoʻoulu i 100 kilowatts o ka uila e komo i ke kikowaena hydropower, a hiki i ka mīkini hana ke hoʻoulu i 60 a 75 kilowatts o ka uila wale nō, no laila ʻo ka pono o ke kikowaena hydropower ʻo ia hoʻi he 60 ~ 75%.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻolauna mua ʻana i ka wā e mau ana ka nui o ke kahe o ke kikowaena mana a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka pae wai, hilinaʻi ka mana o ke kikowaena mana i ka pono. Ua hōʻoia ka hana ma waho aʻe o ka hana o nā turbine hydraulic, nā mīkini hana a me nā lako hoʻoili, nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka pono o nā kikowaena hydropower, e like me ke ʻano o ke kūkulu hale a me ke kau ʻana o nā lako, ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka hoʻokele, a inā pololei ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kikowaena hydropower, ʻo ia nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka pono o ke kikowaena hydropower. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo kekahi o kēia mau mea hoʻohuli he mea mua a ʻo kekahi he lua, a ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, e hoʻololi pū nā mea mua a me nā mea lua kekahi i kekahi.
Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ke kumu, ʻo ka mea hoʻoholo, ʻaʻole he mau mea nā kānaka, ua hoʻomalu ʻia nā mīkini e nā kānaka, a ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka ʻenehana e ka manaʻo. No laila, i ka hoʻolālā, ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i nā lako o nā kikowaena hydropower, pono e hāʻawi piha i ka pāʻani i ke kuleana pilikino o kānaka, a e hoʻoikaika no ka maikaʻi ma ka ʻenehana e hōʻemi i ka nalowale ʻana o ka ikehu o ke kahe wai i ka hiki. ʻO kēia no kekahi mau kikowaena hydropower kahi i haʻahaʻa ai ka kulu wai ponoʻī. He mea nui loa ia. I ka manawa like, pono e hoʻoikaika pono i ka hana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana o nā kikowaena hydropower, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pono o nā kikowaena mana, hoʻohana piha i nā kumuwaiwai wai, a hiki i nā kikowaena hydropower liʻiliʻi ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui.