The counterattack turbine ke mofuta oa mochini oa hydraulic o sebelisang khatello ea phallo ea metsi ho fetolela matla a metsi hore e be matla a mochini.
(1) Sebopeho. Likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa sebopeho sa turbine ea counterattack ke semathi, phaposi ea phalliso ea metsi, mochini o tataisang metsi le tube e ntseng e tsoela pele.
1) Semathi. Semathi ke karolo ea turbine ea metsi e fetolang matla a phallo ea metsi hore e be matla a mochini a potolohang. Ho latela tataiso ea phetolo ea matla a metsi, meaho ea semathi ea li-turbine tse fapaneng tsa antiattack le tsona li fapane. Semathi sa turbine sa Francis se entsoe ka mahare a sothehileng, moqhaka le selikalikoe se tlase le likarolo tse ling tsa mantlha tse emeng; axial flow turbine semathi se entsoe ka mahare, 'mele oa semathi le drain cone le likarolo tse ling tsa mantlha: sebopeho sa semathi sa diagonal flow turbine se rarahane ho feta. Sebaka sa ho bea lehare se ka fetoloa ka maemo a ho sebetsa 'me se tsamaisana le ho buloa ha valve ea tataiso. Mohala oa setsi sa ho potoloha ka lehare o ka lehlakoreng la oblique (45 ° -60 °) ho ea ho axis ea turbine.
2) Kamore ea ho khelosa metsi. Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho etsa hore metsi a phalle ka mokhoa o lekanang ka har'a mochini o tataisang metsi, ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea turbine. Hangata li-turbine tse kholo le tse mahareng li sebelisa litšepe tse pota-potileng tse pota-potileng tse nang le lihlooho tse ka holimo ho 50m, le li-trapezoidal cross-section concrete volutes bakeng sa ba ka tlase ho 50m.
3) Mokhoa oa ho tataisa metsi. Ka kakaretso e entsoe ka palo e itseng ea li-vane tsa tataiso tse bonolo le mekhoa ea tsona e potolohang e hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa o leka-lekaneng sebakeng sa semathi. Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho tataisa metsi a phallang ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho semathi, 'me ka ho fetola ho buloa ha valve ea tataiso, ho fetola lebelo la phallo ea turbine ho finyella litlhoko tsa mojaro oa sete ea jenereithara, hape e phetha karolo ea ho tiisa metsi ha e koetsoe ka ho feletseng.
4) Tube e hlophisitsoeng. Phallo ea metsi sebakeng sa semathi se ntse se e-na le karolo ea matla a setseng a sa kang a sebelisoa. Mosebetsi oa tube e ntseng e sebelisoa ke ho khutlisa karolo ena ea matla le ho ntša metsi ho theosa le noka. Draft tube e arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli, khoune e otlolohileng le e kobehileng. Ea pele e na le coefficient e kholo ea matla 'me ka kakaretso e loketse li-turbine tse nyenyane tse rapameng le li-tubular; ea morao-rao e na le ts'ebetso e tlaase ea hydraulic ho feta li-cones tse otlolohileng, empa e na le botebo bo fokolang ba ho cheka, 'me e sebelisoa haholo ka li-turbine tsa counterattack tse kholo le tse mahareng.
(2) Ho arola. Ho ea ka tataiso ea axial ea metsi a phallang ka semathi, turbine ea tšusumetso e arotsoe ka turbine ea Francis, turbine ea diagonal flow, axial flow turbine le tubular turbine.
1) Francis turbine. Francis (radial axial flow kapa Francis) turbine ke turbine ea counter-attack eo ho eona metsi a phallang ka radially ho tloha selikalikoe sa semathi ho ea lehlakoreng la axial. Mofuta ona oa turbine o na le lihlooho tse ngata tse sebetsang (30-700m), mohaho o bonolo, molumo o monyenyane le theko e tlaase. Terene e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea Francis e kentsoeng tšebetsong Chaena ke Ertan Hydropower Plant, e nang le matla a hlahisoang a 582 MW le matla a phahameng a 621 MW.
2) Axial flow turbine. The axial flow turbine ke turbine ea counterattack eo ho eona metsi a phallang ho tloha ka lehlakoreng la axial mme a phalla ho tsoa ho semathi ka tsela ea axial. Mofuta ona oa turbine o arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: mofuta o tsitsitseng (mofuta oa screw) le mofuta oa rotary (mofuta oa Kaplan). Li-blades tsa pele li tsitsitse, 'me li-blades tsa ho qetela li ka fetoloa. Matla a ho feta a metsi a turbine ea axial flow e kholo ho feta ea turbine ea Francis. Hobane li-blades tsa turbine ea marang-rang li ka fetola boemo ka liphetoho tsa mojaro, li na le bokhoni bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa liphetohong tse ngata tsa mojaro. Ts'ebetso ea anti-cavitation le matla a mochine oa axial flow turbine e mpe ho feta ea Francis turbine, 'me sebopeho se boetse se rarahane haholo. Hajoale, hlooho e sebetsang ea mofuta ona oa turbine e fihlile ho 80m kapa ho feta.
3) Tubular turbine. Phallo ea metsi ea mofuta ona oa turbine ea metsi e phalla ka axially ho tsoa ho semathi, 'me ha ho na potoloho pele le ka mor'a semathi. Lebelo la tšebeliso ke 3-20. . Fuselage e na le melemo ea bophahamo bo nyane, maemo a phallo e ntle ea metsi, ts'ebetso e phahameng, boenjiniere bo fokolang ba sechaba, litšenyehelo tse tlase, ha ho hlokahale li-volutes le li-tubes tse kobehileng, 'me ha hlooho e le tlase, melemo e bonahala haholoanyane.
Li-turbine tsa li-tubula li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: ho phalla ka ho feletseng le ho phalla ho latela mokhoa oa ho hokahanya le jenereithara le mokhoa oa phetisetso. Li-turbine tsa semi-through-flow li arotsoe hape ka mofuta oa bulb, mofuta oa shaft le mofuta oa katoloso ea shaft. Har'a bona, mofuta oa katoloso ea shaft o boetse o arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli. Ho na le axis oblique le axis tshekaletseng. Hajoale, mofuta o sebelisoang ka ho fetesisa oa li-tubular tsa bulb, mofuta oa katoloso ea shaft le mofuta oa shaft o otlolohileng o sebelisoa haholo ka likarolo tse nyane. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mofuta oa shaft o boetse o sebelisoa ka lihlopha tse kholo le tse mahareng.
Jenereithara ea shaft extension tubular unit e kentsoe ka ntle ho tsela ea metsi, 'me jenereithara e hokahane le turbine e nang le shaft e telele e sekametseng kapa shaft e otlolohileng. Sebopeho sa mofuta ona oa shaft se bonolo ho feta mofuta oa bulb.
4) Diagonal flow turbine. Sebopeho le boholo ba phallo ea diagonal (eo hape e bitsoang diagonal) turbine e pakeng tsa phallo e tsoakiloeng le phallo ea axial. Phapang e kholo ke hore bohareng ba likhahla tsa semathi se ka lehlakoreng le itseng ho ea bohareng ba turbine. Ka lebaka la litšoaneleho tsa sebopeho, yuniti ha e lumelloe ho teba nakong ea ts'ebetso, kahoo sesebelisoa sa ts'ireletso ea matšoao a axial displacement se kentsoe mohahong oa bobeli ho thibela likotsi tseo mahare le kamore ea semathi li thulanang. Lethathamo la hlooho ea ts'ebeliso ea turbine ea phallo ea diagonal ke 25 ~ 200m.
Nako ea poso: Oct-19-2021
