Iyo counterattack turbine imhando ye hydraulic muchina inoshandisa kudzvanywa kwekuyerera kwemvura kushandura simba remvura kuita mechaniki simba.
(1) Chimiro. Izvo zvakakosha zvimiro zveiyo counterattack turbine mumhanyi, kamuri yekuchinjisa mvura, iyo inotungamira nzira yemvura uye dhizaini chubhu.
1) Mumhanyi. Mumhanyi chikamu cheturbine yemvura inoshandura simba rekuyerera kwemvura kuita rinotenderera remagetsi simba. Zvichienderana negwara rekushandura simba remvura, zvimiro zveanomhanya zveakasiyana counterattack turbines zvakare akasiyana. Francis turbine runner inoumbwa neakachinjika mablades akamonyoroka, korona uye yakaderera mhete uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvakamira zvikamu; axial flow turbine runner inoumbwa nemashizha, mumhanyi muviri uye drain cone uye zvimwe zvinhu zvikuru: diagonal flow turbine runner chimiro chakanyanya kuoma. Iyo blade yekuisa kona inogona kuchinjwa nemamiriro ekushanda uye inofananidzwa neinotungamira vane kuvhurwa. Mutsetse wepakati weblade rotation uri pakona ye oblique (45°-60°) kusvika kuaxis yeturbine.
2) Kamuri yekunatsa mvura. Basa rayo nderekuita kuti mvura iyerere zvakaenzana mumvura inotungamira nzira, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba, nekuvandudza kushanda kweiyo turbine. Makuru uye epakati-saizi turbines anowanzo shandisa denderedzwa muchinjika-chikamu simbi vholute ine misoro iri pamusoro pe50m, uye trapezoidal cross-section kongiri inovhota kune vari pasi pe50m.
3) Mvura inotungamira nzira. Kazhinji inoumbwa nenhamba yakati yevane gidhi yakagadziridzwa uye maitiro avo ekutenderera akarongeka zvakaenzana padivi pemumhanyi. Basa rayo nderokutungamirira kuyerera kwemvura zvakaenzana mumumhanyi, uye nekugadzirisa kuvhurwa kwevheji yekufambisa, kushandura kuyerera kwemhepo ye turbine kuti iite zvinodiwa zvinotakura zvejenereta seti, uye inoitawo basa rekuvhara mvura kana yakavharwa zvakakwana.
4) Draft tube. Mvura inoyerera panobuda mumhanyi ichine chikamu chesimba rakasara risati rashandiswa. Basa reiyo dhizaini chubhu kudzoreredza chikamu ichi chesimba uye kuburitsa mvura pasi. Draft chubhu yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri, yakatwasuka koni uye yakakombama. Iyo yekutanga ine yakakura simba coefficient uye kazhinji yakakodzera kune madiki akatwasuka uye tubular turbines; iyo yekupedzisira ine yakaderera hydraulic performance pane yakatwasuka makoni, asi ine diki yekuchera kudzika, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakuru uye epakati-saizi counterattack turbines.
(2) Kuronga. Zvinoenderana neaxial kutungamira kwekuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza nemumhanyi, iyo turbine yekukanganisa yakakamurwa kuita Francis turbine, diagonal flow turbine, axial flow turbine uye tubular turbine.
1) Francis turbine. Francis (radial axial flow kana Francis) turbine i-counter-attack turbine umo mvura inoyerera kubva padenderedzwa remumhanyi kuenda kuaxial direction. Iri rudzi rweturbine rine huwandu hwakawanda hwemisoro inoshanda (30-700m), chimiro chakareruka, vhoriyamu diki uye mutengo wakaderera. Iyo yakakura Francis turbine yakaiswa mukushanda muChina ndeye Ertan Hydropower Plant, ine yakatemerwa kubuda simba re582 MW uye yakanyanya kubuda simba re621 MW.
2) Axial flow turbine. Axial flow turbine is counterattack turbine umo mvura inoyerera ichibva kuaxial direction uye inoyerera ichibva mumhanyi ichienda kuaxial direction. Iri rudzi rweturbine rakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri: fixed-blade type (screw type) uye rotary type (Kaplan type). Mashizha ekare akagadziriswa, uye mashizha ekupedzisira anogona kutenderera. Mvura inopfuura simba yeaxial flow turbine yakakura kudarika yeFrancis turbine. Nekuti mablades epaddle turbine anogona kushandura chinzvimbo nekuchinja kwemutoro, ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro muhuwandu hwakasiyana hwekuchinja kwemutoro. Iyo anti-cavitation performance uye mechanical simba yeaxial flow turbine yakaipisisa kupfuura yeFrancis turbine, uye chimiro chacho chinonyanya kuoma. Parizvino, musoro unoshanda werudzi urwu rweturbine wasvika 80m kana kupfuura.
3) Tubular turbine. Kuyerera kwemvura yerudzi urwu rwe turbine yemvura inoyerera axially kubva mumhanyi, uye hapana kutenderera pamberi uye mushure memumhanyi. Musoro wekushandisa wepamusoro ndeye 3-20. . Iyo fuselage ine mabhenefiti ehurefu hudiki, yakanaka kuyerera kwemvura mamiriro, kushanda zvakanaka, kushoma kweinjiniya yehurumende, kudhura kwakaderera, hapana kudiwa kwema volutes uye curved draft machubhu, uye kudzika kwemusoro, kunowedzera kujeka zvakanakira.
Tubular turbines yakakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: yakazara-kuburikidza-kuyerera uye semi-kuburikidza-kuyerera zvinoenderana nejenareta yekubatanidza uye nzira yekufambisa. Semi-kuburikidza-kuyerera turbines akakamurwazve kuita bulb mhando, shaft mhando uye shaft yekuwedzera mhando. Pakati pavo, iyo shaft yekuwedzera mhando yakakamurwawo mumhando mbiri. Kune oblique axis uye horizontal axis. Parizvino, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa bulb tubular mhando, shaft yekuwedzera mhando uye vertical shaft mhando inonyanya kushandiswa muzvikamu zvidiki. Mumakore achangopfuura, mhando ye shaft yakashandiswawo muzvikamu zvakakura uye zvepakati.
Iyo jenareta ye shaft yekuwedzera tubular unit yakaiswa kunze kwenzira yemvura, uye jenareta yakabatana kune turbine ine yakarebesa yakarerekera shaft kana yakatwasuka shaft. Iyi shaft yekuwedzera mhando chimiro iri nyore pane iyo bulb mhando.
4) Diagonal flow turbine. Chimiro uye saizi yekuyerera kwediagonal (inonziwo diagonal) turbine iri pakati pekuyerera kwakasanganiswa uye kuyerera kweaxial. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti mutsetse wepakati wemumhanyi blades uri pane imwe kona kusvika pakati peiyo turbine. Nekuda kwechimiro chechimiro, iyo unit haibvumidzwe kunyura panguva yekushanda, saka axial displacement chiratidzo chekudzivirira mudziyo unoiswa mune yechipiri chimiro kudzivirira tsaona idzo mablades nekamuri yekumhanya inodhumhana. Musoro wekushandisa weiyo diagonal kuyerera turbine ndeye 25 ~ 200m.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-19-2021
