Mphamvu ya Jenereta ya Flywheel ndi Kukhazikika kwa turbine Governor SystemGenerator Flywheel Effect ndi Kukhazikika kwa turbine Governor SystemGenerator Flywheel Effect ndi Kukhazikika kwa turbine Governor SystemGenerator Flywheel Effect ndi Kukhazikika kwa turbine Governor System
Majenereta akuluakulu amakono a hydro amakhala ndi inertia yaing'ono yosasinthasintha ndipo amatha kukumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa makina oyendetsera magetsi. Izi ndichifukwa cha machitidwe amadzi a turbine, omwe chifukwa cha inertia yake amapangitsa nyundo yamadzi m'mapaipi othamanga pamene zida zowongolera zimagwira ntchito. Izi nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi ma hydraulic acceleration time constants. Mu akutali ntchito, pamene pafupipafupi dongosolo lonse anatsimikiza ndi chopangira magetsi kazembe madzi nyundo amakhudza liwiro lolamulira ndi Kusakhazikika zikuwoneka ngati kusaka kapena pafupipafupi kugwedezeka. Kwa opareshoni yolumikizidwa ndi dongosolo lalikulu ma frequency amachitika nthawi zonse ndi pambuyo pake. Nyundo yamadzi imakhudza mphamvu zomwe zimadyetsedwa ku dongosolo ndipo vuto lokhazikika limangobwera pamene mphamvuyo imayendetsedwa motsekedwa, mwachitsanzo, ngati majenereta a hydro omwe amatenga nawo mbali mu kayendetsedwe kafupipafupi.
Kukhazikika kwa giya la turbine governor kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yothamangitsa makina nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi komanso kupindula kwa kazembe. Kuchepetsedwa kwa chiŵerengero cha pamwambachi kumakhala ndi zotsatira zosokoneza ndipo kumafuna kuchepetsa phindu la bwanamkubwa, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukhazikika kwafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yocheperako pamagawo ozungulira a hydro unit ndiyofunikira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha kuperekedwa mu jenereta yokha. Kapenanso makina othamangitsira nthawi yokhazikika amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi kuperekedwa kwa valve yothandizira kupanikizika kapena thanki yopangira opaleshoni, ndi zina zotero, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula kwambiri. Njira yoyeserera ya mphamvu yowongolera liwiro la gawo lopangira ma hydro ikhoza kutengera kukwera kwa liwiro la unit komwe kungachitike pakukanidwa kwa katundu wonse wagawo logwira ntchito palokha. Kwa mayunitsi amagetsi omwe akugwira ntchito m'makina akuluakulu olumikizana komanso omwe amafunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa makina, kuchuluka kwa liwiro lokwera monga momwe zawerengedwera pamwambapa kumawoneka kuti sikudutsa 45 peresenti. Pamakina ang'onoang'ono, liwiro laling'ono liperekedwe (Onani Mutu 4).
Gawo lautali kuchokera pakudya kupita ku Dehar Power Plant
(Source: Paper by Author - 2nd world Congress, International Water Resources Association 1979) Kwa Dehar Power Plant, hydraulic pressure pressure system yomwe imagwirizanitsa kusungirako kosungirako ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imakhala ndi madzi, mpweya wothamanga, thanki yothamanga yosiyana ndi penstock ikuwonetsedwa. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kukakamiza kwa penstocks kufika pa 35 peresenti kuchuluka kwa liwiro la kukwera kwa chipangizocho akakana katundu wathunthu amafika pafupifupi 45 peresenti ndi kutseka kwa bwanamkubwa.
nthawi ya masekondi 9.1 pamutu wovoteledwa wa 282 m (925 ft) wokhala ndi mphamvu yanthawi zonse ya mawilo ozungulira a jenereta (ie, zokhazikika pakuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kokha). Mu gawo loyamba la opareshoni kukwera kwa liwiro kunapezeka kuti sikuposa 43 peresenti. Chifukwa chake zidaganiziridwa kuti zowoneka bwino za flywheel ndizokwanira pakuwongolera pafupipafupi kwadongosolo.
Ma Parameter a Jenereta ndi Kukhazikika Kwamagetsi
Magawo a jenereta omwe amakhudza kukhazikika ndi momwe ma flywheel amayendera, kachitidwe kakang'ono komanso chiwongolero chachifupi. Mu gawo loyamba la chitukuko cha 420 kV EHV dongosolo monga pa Dehar mavuto bata ali ndi udindo wovuta chifukwa cha ofooka dongosolo, m'munsi lalifupi dera mlingo, ntchito pa kutsogolera mphamvu chinthu, ndi kufunikira kwa chuma popereka malo kufala ndi kukonza kukula ndi magawo a mayunitsi opanga. Maphunziro oyambira osasunthika okhazikika pamaneti analyzer (pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi osasunthika kumbuyo kwanthawi yochepa) pamakina a Dehar EHV adawonetsanso kuti kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono kokha kudzapezeka. Kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe a Dehar Power Plant, adawona kuti kutchula majenereta ndi abwinobwino
makhalidwe ndi kukwaniritsa zofunika kukhazikika mwa kukhathamiritsa magawo a zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa makamaka za dongosolo losangalatsa lingakhale njira yotsika mtengo yotsika mtengo. Mu kafukufuku wa British System adawonetsanso kuti kusintha magawo a jenereta kumakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa kwambiri pamphepete mwa bata. Momwemo magawo a jenereta wamba monga momwe zalembedwera mu appendix adatchulidwira jenereta. Maphunziro atsatanetsatane okhazikika omwe amachitidwa amaperekedwa
Kutha Kulipiritsa Mzere ndi Kukhazikika kwa Voltage
Majenereta a hydro otalikirana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipiritsa mizere yayitali yotsitsa EHV yomwe kulipiritsa kVA ndi yoposa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, makinawo akhoza kukhala okondwa komanso kuwuka kwamagetsi kupitilira kuwongolera. Mkhalidwe wodzisangalatsa ndikuti xc <xd pomwe, xc ndi capacitive load reactance ndi xd synchronous direct axis reactance. Mphamvu yofunikira pakulipiritsa mzere umodzi wotsitsa wa 420 kV E2 / xc mpaka Panipat (mapeto olandila) inali pafupifupi 150 MVARs pamagetsi ovotera. Mugawo lachiwiri pamene mzere wachiwiri wa 420 kV wautali wofanana wayikidwa, mphamvu yochapira mizere yofunikira kuti muzitha kulipiritsa mizere yotsitsidwa nthawi imodzi pamagetsi ovotera ingakhale pafupifupi 300 MVAR.
Mphamvu yolipiritsa mizere yomwe ikupezeka pamagetsi ovotera kuchokera ku jenereta ya Dehar monga momwe amaperekera zidazo anali motere:
(i) 70 peresenti adavotera MVA, mwachitsanzo, 121.8 MVAR kulipira kwa mzere ndi kotheka ndi chisangalalo chochepa cha 10 peresenti.
(ii) Kufikira 87 peresenti ya MVA yovotera, mwachitsanzo, 139 MVAR yotha kulipiritsa mizere ndi zotheka ndi chisangalalo chochepa cha 1 peresenti.
(iii) Kufikira 100 peresenti ya MVAR yovotera, mwachitsanzo, 173.8 mphamvu yolipiritsa imatha kupezeka ndi pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya kusangalatsidwa koyipa ndi kuchulutsa kwamphamvu kwa chingwe chomwe chingapezeke ndi chisangalalo choyipa cha 10 peresenti ndi 110 peresenti ya MVA yovoteledwa (191 MVAR) molingana ndi BSS.
(iv) Kuwonjezeka kwina kwa mphamvu zolipiritsa mizere kumatheka pokhapokha powonjezera kukula kwa makina. Pankhani ya (ii) ndi (iii) kulamulira dzanja la chisangalalo sikungatheke ndipo kudalira kotheratu kumayenera kuyikidwa pakugwira ntchito kosalekeza kwa owongolera magetsi odziwikiratu. Sizingatheke pazachuma kapenanso zofunika kuwonjezera kukula kwa makina ndi cholinga chowonjezera mphamvu zolipirira mzere. Mogwirizana ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito mu gawo loyamba la ntchito, adaganiza zopereka mphamvu yolipiritsa mzere wa 191 MVAR pamagetsi ovotera ma jenereta popereka chisangalalo choyipa pa jenereta. Mkhalidwe wovuta wogwirira ntchito womwe umayambitsa kusakhazikika kwamagetsi ukhozanso kuyambitsidwa ndi kutha kwa katundu kumapeto komwe amalandira. Chodabwitsachi chimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu pamakina omwe amakhudzidwanso ndi kukwera kwa liwiro la jenereta. Kudzisangalatsa komanso kusakhazikika kwamagetsi kumatha kuchitika ngati.
Xc ≤ n2 (Xq + XT)
Kumene, Xc ndi capacitive load reactance, Xq ndi quadrature axis synchronous reactance ndipo n ndiye chibale chachikulu pa liwiro lomwe limachitika pakukana katundu. Izi pa jenereta ya Dehar zidanenedwa kuti zichotsedwe popereka cholumikizira cha 400 kV EHV shunt shunt (75 MVA) pamapeto olandila pamzere malinga ndi kafukufuku watsatanetsatane.
Kudulira kwa damper
Ntchito yayikulu ya damper yokhotakhota ndikuthekera kwake kuteteza ma voliyumu opitilira muyeso ngati mzere wa mzere wolakwika ndi katundu wa capacitive, potero kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwamagetsi pazida. Poganizira za malo akutali ndi zingwe zazitali zolumikizira zolumikizira zolumikizidwa bwino ndi mafunde a damper okhala ndi chiŵerengero cha quadrature ndi ma axis olunjika Xnq/Xnd osapitirira 1.2.
Makhalidwe a Jenereta ndi Zosangalatsa
Majenereta omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino atanenedwa komanso maphunziro oyambira omwe adawonetsa kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono, adaganiza kuti zida zothamangitsira zothamanga kwambiri zigwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zikhazikike m'mphepete mwake kuti zida zonse ziziyenda bwino kwambiri. Maphunziro atsatanetsatane adachitika kuti adziwe mawonekedwe omwe ali abwino kwambiri a zida zotsitsimutsa zomwe zidakambidwa mumutu 10.
Malingaliro a Seismic
Dehar Power Plant imagwera m'dera la seismic. Kutsatira zomwe zili mu kapangidwe ka jenereta ya hydro ku Dehar zidaperekedwa pokambirana ndi opanga zida ndikuganizira momwe zivomezi ndi zachilengedwe zilili pamalopo komanso lipoti la Komiti ya Akatswiri a Zivomezi ya Koyna yopangidwa ndi Boma la India mothandizidwa ndi UNESCO.
Mphamvu zamakina
Majenereta a Dehar apangidwa kuti azitha kupirira mwamphamvu chivomerezi champhamvu chowongolera molunjika komanso chopingasa chomwe chikuyembekezeka ku Dehar ikuchita pakati pa makina.
Natural Frequency
Ma frequency achilengedwe amakina amasungidwa kutali (kumtunda) kuchokera ku maginito pafupipafupi a 100 Hz (kawiri ma frequency a jenereta). Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kumeneku kudzakhala kutali kwambiri ndi chivomezi chapafupi ndikuyang'anitsitsa malire oyenerera motsutsana ndi mafupipafupi a chivomezi ndi liwiro lalikulu la machitidwe ozungulira.
Chithandizo cha jenereta stator
Ma jenereta a stator ndi maziko otsika komanso owongolera amakhala ndi mbale zingapo zokha. Mambale okhawo amangiriridwa ku maziko motsatana kuphatikiza ndi njira yolunjika yokhazikika ndi mabawuti a maziko.
Guide Bearing Design
Ziwongola dzanja zikhale zamtundu wa magawo ndipo gawo lokhala ndi kalozera lilimbikitsidwa kuti lipirire mphamvu zonse za chivomezi. Opanga analimbikitsanso kuti amangirire bulaketi pamwamba pambali ndi mbiya (mpanda wa jenereta) pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zitsulo. Izi zikutanthauzanso kuti mbiya ya konkriti nayonso iyenera kulimbikitsidwa.
Kuzindikira kwa Vibration kwa Jenereta
Kuyika ma detector a vibration kapena eccentricity metre pa ma turbines ndi ma jenereta adalangizidwa kuti akhazikitsidwe kuti ayambitse kuzimitsa ndi ma alarm ngati kugwedezeka chifukwa cha chivomezi kupitilira mtengo womwe udakonzedweratu. Chipangizochi chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pozindikira kugwedezeka kulikonse kwachilendo kwa unit chifukwa cha hydraulic mikhalidwe yomwe imakhudza turbine.
Mercury Contacts
Kugwedezeka kwakukulu chifukwa cha chivomezi kungayambitse kugwedezeka kwabodza poyambitsa kutseka kwa unit ngati ma mecury contacts agwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zitha kupewedwa potchula masiwichi a anti-vibration amtundu wa mercury kapena ngati pakufunika kutero powonjezera nthawi.
Mapeto
(1) Chuma chokulirapo pamtengo wa zida ndi kapangidwe ka Dehar Power Plant chinapezedwa potengera kukula kwa mayunitsi poyang'ana kukula kwa gridi ndi mphamvu yake pamagetsi osungira.
(2) Mtengo wa ma jenereta unachepetsedwa potengera kapangidwe ka maambulera kamangidwe kamene kakuthekera pa majenereta akuluakulu othamanga kwambiri a hydro chifukwa chopanga zitsulo zolimba kwambiri zokhomerera nthiti za rotor.
(3) Kugula kwa ma jenereta achilengedwe amphamvu kwambiri pambuyo pa maphunziro atsatanetsatane kunapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.
(4) Mphamvu yanthawi zonse ya ma wheel wheel pamagawo ozungulira a jenereta pamalo owongolera pafupipafupi ku Dehar idawonedwa kuti ndiyokwanira kukhazikika kwa kazembe wa turbine chifukwa cha makina akulu olumikizidwa.
(5) Magawo apadera a ma jenereta akutali akudyetsa maukonde a EHV kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika kwamagetsi kumatha kukumana ndi machitidwe othamangitsidwa okhazikika.
(6) Kuthamanga kwa static actitation system kungapereke mipata yokhazikika yofunikira. Machitidwe otere, komabe, amafunikira kukhazikika kwa ma feed back sign kuti akwaniritse kukhazikika kwapambuyo. Maphunziro atsatanetsatane ayenera kuchitidwa.
(7) Self-excitation ndi kusakhazikika voteji wa majenereta akutali olumikizidwa ndi gululi ndi yaitali EHV mizere akhoza kupewedwa ndi kuwonjezeka mzere nawuza mphamvu ya makina ndi kutembenukira kwa malemeredwe zoipa ndi/kapena ntchito kalekale chikugwirizana EHV shunt riyakitala.
(8) Zopereka zitha kupangidwa pakupanga ma jenereta ndi maziko ake kuti apereke chitetezo ku mphamvu ya zivomezi pamitengo yaying'ono.
Ma Parameters Akuluakulu a Dehar Jenereta
Chigawo Chachifupi Chozungulira = 1.06
Transient Reactance Direct Axis = 0.2
Mphamvu ya Flywheel = 39.5 x 106 lb ft2
Xnq/Xnd osaposa = 1.2
Nthawi yotumiza: May-11-2021
