In the eyes of many work safety workers, work safety is actually a very metaphysical thing. Before the accident, we never know what the next accident will cause. Let’s take a straightforward example: In a certain detail, we did not fulfill our supervisory duties, the accident rate was 0.001%, and when we fulfilled our supervisory duties, the accident rate was reduced ten times to 0.0001%, but it was the 0.0001% that might cause production safety accidents. Small probability. We can’t completely eliminate the hidden dangers of safety production. We can only say that we try our best to deal with hidden dangers, reduce risks, and reduce the possibility of accidents. After all, people walking on the road can accidentally step on a banana peel and break a fracture, let alone a normal business. What we can do is based on the relevant laws and regulations, and do the relevant work conscientiously. We learned lessons from the accident, continuously optimized our work process, and perfected our work details.
In fact, there are so many papers on safety production in the hydropower industry at present, but among them, there are many papers focusing on the construction of safe production ideas and equipment maintenance, and their practical value is low, and many opinions are based on mature large-scale leading hydropower enterprises. The management model is based and does not adapt to the current objective conditions of the small hydropower industry, so this article attempts to comprehensively discuss the actual status of the small hydropower industry and write a useful article.
1. Pay close attention to the performance of the main persons in charge
First of all, we have to be clear: the main person in charge of small hydropower is the first person responsible for the safety of the enterprise. Therefore, in the work of safety production, the first thing to focus on is the performance of the main person in charge of small hydropower, mainly to check the implementation of responsibilities, the establishment of rules and regulations, and the investment in safety production.
Tips
Article 91 of the “Safety Production Law” If the main person in charge of a production and business unit fails to perform the safety production management duties as provided in this law, he shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; if he fails to make corrections within the time limit, a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan shall be imposed. Order production and business units to suspend production and business for rectification.
Article 7 of the “Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Electric Power Production Safety”: The main person in charge of an electric power enterprise shall be fully responsible for the work safety of the unit. Employees of electric power enterprises shall fulfill their obligations regarding safe production in accordance with the law.
2. Establish a safety production responsibility system
Formulate the “Safety Production Management Responsibility List” to implement the “duties” and “responsibility” of production safety to specific individuals, and the unity of “duties” and “responsibility” is “duties.” my country’s implementation of safety production responsibilities can be traced back to the “Several Provisions on Enhancing Safety in Enterprise Production” (the “Five Provisions”) promulgated by the State Council on March 30, 1963. The “Five Regulations” require that leaders at all levels, functional departments, relevant engineering and technical personnel, and production workers of the enterprise must clearly define their respective safety responsibilities during the production process.
In reality, it’s very simple. For example, who is responsible for safety production training? Who organizes comprehensive emergency drills? Who is responsible for the hidden danger management of production equipment? Who is responsible for the inspection and maintenance of transmission and distribution lines?
In our management of small hydropower, we can find that many small hydropower safety production responsibilities are not clear. Even if the responsibilities are clearly defined, the implementation is not satisfactory.
3. Formulate safety production rules and regulations
For hydropower companies, the simplest and most basic system is the “two votes and three systems”: work tickets, operation tickets, shift system, roving inspection system, and equipment periodic test rotation system. However, during the actual inspection process, we found that many small hydropower workers did not even understand what the “two-vote-three system” is. Even in some hydropower stations, they could not get a work ticket or operation ticket, and many small hydropower stations. Hydropower safety production rules and regulations are often completed when the station is built, but have not been changed. In 2019, I went to a hydropower station and saw the yellowed “2004 system” “XX Hydropower Station Safety Production” on the wall. “Management System”, in the “Division of Responsibilities Table”, all staff except the station master are no longer working on the station.
Ask the staff on duty at the station: “Your current management agency information has not been updated yet, right?”
The reply was: “There are only a few people on the station, they are not so detailed, and the stationmaster takes care of them all.”
I asked: “Has the site manager received safety production training? Have you held a safety production meeting? Have you conducted a comprehensive safety production exercise? Are there relevant files and records? Is there a hidden danger account?”
The reply was: “I’m new here, I don’t know.”
I opened the “2017 XX Power Station Staff Contact Information” form and pointed at his name: “Is this you?”
The reply was: “Well, well, I have just been here for three to five years.”
This reflects that the person in charge of the enterprise does not pay attention to the formulation and management of rules and regulations, and lacks the awareness of safety production responsibility system management. In fact, in our opinion: the implementation of a safety production system that meets the requirements of laws and regulations and fits the actual situation of the enterprise is the most effective. Effective safety production management.
Therefore, in the supervision process, the first thing we investigate is not the production site, but the formulation and implementation of the rules and regulations, including but not limited to the development of the safety production responsibility list, the development of the safety production rules and regulations, the development of the operating procedures, and the emergency response of the employees. Rehearsal status, development of production safety education and training plans, production safety meeting materials, safety inspection records, hidden danger management ledgers, employee safety production knowledge training and assessment materials, establishment of safety production management institutions and real-time adjustment of personnel division of labor.
It seems that there are many items that need to be inspected, but in fact they are not complicated and the cost is not high. Small hydropower enterprises can fully afford it. At least it is not difficult to formulate rules and regulations. Difficult; it is not difficult to carry out a comprehensive emergency drill for flood prevention, land disaster prevention, fire prevention, and emergency evacuation once a year.
Fourth, ensure safe production investment
In the actual supervision of small hydropower enterprises, we found that many small hydropower companies did not guarantee the necessary investment in safe production. Take the simplest example: many small hydropower fire-fighting equipment (handheld fire extinguishers, cart-type fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and Auxiliary equipment) are all prepared to pass the fire inspection and acceptance when the station is built, and there is a lack of maintenance afterwards. Common situations are: fire extinguishers fail to comply with the “Fire Protection Law” requirements for annual inspection, fire extinguishers are too low and fail, and fire hydrants are blocked by debris and cannot be opened normally , The water pressure of the fire hydrant is insufficient, and the fire hydrant pipe is aging and broken and cannot be used normally.
The annual inspection of fire-fighting equipment is clearly stipulated in the “Fire Protection Law”. Take our most common annual inspection time standards for fire extinguishers as an example: portable and cart-type dry powder fire extinguishers. And the portable and cart-type carbon dioxide fire extinguishers have expired for five years, and every two years thereafter, inspections such as hydraulic tests must be carried out.
In fact, “safe production” in a broad sense also includes labor health protection for employees. To give the simplest example: one thing that all practitioners of hydroelectric power generation know is that water turbines are noisy. This requires the central control duty room adjacent to the computer room to be equipped with a good soundproofing environment. If the soundproofing environment is not guaranteed, it should be equipped with noise-reducing earplugs and other equipment. However, in fact, the author has been to many central control shifts of hydropower stations with high noise pollution in recent years. The employees in the office do not enjoy this kind of labor security, and it is easy to cause serious occupational diseases to the employees in the long run. So this is also an aspect of the company’s investment in ensuring safe production.
It is also one of the necessary safety production inputs for small hydropower enterprises to ensure that employees can obtain relevant certificates and licenses by participating in training. This issue will be discussed in detail below.
Five, to ensure that employees hold a certificate to work
Difficulty in recruiting and training a sufficient number of certified operation and maintenance personnel has always been one of the biggest pain points of small hydropower. On the one hand, the salary of small hydropower is difficult to attract qualified and skilled talents. On the other hand, the turnover rate of small hydropower personnel is high. The low level of practitioners’ education makes it difficult for companies to afford high training costs. However, this must be done. According to the “Safety Production Law” and “Power Grid Dispatching Management Regulations,” hydropower station employees can be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, ordered to suspend production and operations, and fined.
One thing that is very interesting is that in the winter of a certain year, I went to a hydropower station to conduct a comprehensive inspection and found that there were two electric stoves in the duty room of the power station. During the small talk, he told me: The electric furnace circuit is burned out and can’t be used anymore, so I have to find the master to fix it.
I was happy on the spot: “Don’t you have an electrician certificate when you are on duty at the power station? You can’t do this yet?”
He took out his “Electrician Certificate” from the filing cabinet and replied to me: “The certificate is available, but it is still not easy to correct.”
This puts us three requirements:
The first is to require the regulator to overcome problems such as “will not manage, dare to manage, and unwilling to manage”, and urge small hydropower owners to ensure that they have a certificate; the second is to require enterprise owners to raise their awareness of production safety and actively supervise and help employees obtain relevant certificates. , Improve the skill level; The third is to require enterprise employees to actively participate in training and learning, obtain relevant certificates and improve their professional skills and safety production capabilities, so as to effectively protect their personal safety.
Tips:
Article 11 of the Regulations on the Management of Power Grid Dispatching The personnel on duty in the dispatching system must be trained, assessed and obtained a certificate before they can take up their posts.
“Safety Production Law” Article 27 Special operation personnel of production and business units must undergo special safety operation training in accordance with relevant state regulations and obtain corresponding qualifications before they can take up their jobs.
Six, do a good job in file management
File management is a content that many small hydropower companies can easily ignore in the safety production management. Business owners often don’t realize that file management is an extremely important part of the internal management of the enterprise. On the one hand, good file management allows the supervisor to understand directly. An enterprise’s safety production management capabilities, management methods, and management effectiveness, on the other hand, can also force companies to implement safety production management responsibilities.
When we carry out supervision work, we often say that we must “due diligence and exemption”, which is also very important for the safety production management of enterprises: through complete archives to support “due diligence”, we strive for “exemption” after liability accidents.
Due diligence: Refers to doing well within the scope of responsibility.
Exemption: After the occurrence of a liability event, the responsible person should bear legal responsibility, but due to special provisions of the law or other special rules, the legal responsibility can be partially or completely exempted, that is, not actually assuming legal responsibility.
Tips:
Article 94 of the “Safety Production Law” If a production and business entity commits one of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and may be fined less than 50,000 yuan; if it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall be ordered to suspend production and operations for rectification, and impose a fine of more than 50,000 yuan. For a fine of less than 10,000 yuan, the person in charge and other directly responsible persons shall be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan:
(1) Failing to set up a production safety management agency or equipping production safety management personnel in accordance with regulations;
(2) The main responsible persons and safety production management personnel of the production, operation, and storage units of dangerous goods, mines, metal smelting, building construction, and road transportation units have not passed the assessment in accordance with the regulations;
(3) Failing to conduct safety production education and training for employees, dispatched workers, and interns in accordance with regulations, or failing to truthfully inform relevant safety production matters in accordance with regulations:
(4) Failure to truthfully record safety production education and training;
(5) Failure to truthfully record the investigation and management of hidden accidents or fail to notify the practitioners:
(6) Failing to formulate emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents in accordance with regulations or failing to organize drills on a regular basis;
(7) Special operation personnel fail to receive special safety operation training and obtain corresponding qualifications in accordance with the regulations, and take up their posts.
Seven, do a good job in production site management
In fact, what I like most to write is the on-site management part, because I have seen too many interesting things in the supervision work for many years. Here are a few situations.
(1) There are foreign objects in the computer room
The temperature in the power station room is generally higher because of the water turbine rotating and generating electricity. Therefore, in some small-scale and poorly managed hydropower station room, it is common for employees to dry clothes next to the water turbine. Occasionally, drying can be seen. The situation of various agricultural products, including but not limited to dried radishes, dried peppers, and dried sweet potatoes.
In fact, it is required to keep the room of hydropower station as clean as possible and reduce the amount of combustible materials. Of course, it is completely understandable for employees to dry things next to the turbine for the convenience of life, but it must be cleaned up in time.
Occasionally, it is found that vehicles are parked in the machine room. This is a situation that must be rectified immediately. No motor vehicles that are not required for production are not allowed to be parked in the machine room.
In some slightly larger small hydropower stations, foreign objects in the computer room may also cause potential safety hazards, but the number is less. For example, the fire hydrant door is blocked by tool benches and debris, difficult to use in emergency situations, and batteries are inflammable and easy to use. A large number of explosive materials are temporarily placed in the computer room.
(2) The employees lack awareness of safe production
As a special industry in the power generation industry, on-duty personnel will often come into contact with medium and high-voltage power lines, so dress must be regulated. We have seen staff on duty wearing vests, staff on duty in slippers, and staff on duty in skirts at hydropower stations. They are all required on the spot to leave their posts immediately, and they can only take up jobs after they are dressed in compliance with the labor security requirements of the hydropower station.
I have also seen drinking during duty. At a very small hydropower station, there were two uncles on duty at the time. There were chicken stew in the kitchen pot next to them. The two uncles were sitting outside the factory building, and there was a glass of wine in front of one person who was about to drink. It was very polite to see us here: “Oh, a few leaders are here again, have you eaten yet? Let’s make two glasses together.”
There are also cases where electric power operations are carried out alone. We know that electric power operations are generally two or more people, and the requirement is “one person to guard one person”, which can avoid most accidents. This is why we have to promote the implementation of the “Two Invoices and Three Systems” in the production process of hydropower stations. The implementation of the “Two Invoices and Three Systems” can really effectively play the role of safe production.
8. Do a good job in safety management during key periods
There are two main periods during which hydropower stations need to strengthen management:
(1) During the flood season, the secondary disasters caused by the heavy rain should be strictly prevented during the flood season. There are three main points: one is to collect and notify the flood information, the second is to carry out investigation and rectification of hidden flood control, and the third is to reserve sufficient flood control materials.
(2) During the high incidence of forest fires in winter and spring, special attention should be paid to the management of wild fires in winter and spring. Here we talk about “fire in the wild” covering a wide range of contents, such as smoking in the wild, burning paper in the wild for sacrifice, and sparks that can be used in the wild. The conditions of electric welding machines and other equipment all belong to the content that requires strict management.
Special attention should be paid to the need to strengthen inspections of transmission and distribution lines involving forest areas. In recent years, we have received a lot of dangerous situations in transmission and distribution lines, including but not limited to: the distance between high-voltage lines and trees is relatively large. In the near future, it is easy to cause fire hazards, line damage and endanger rural households.
Post time: Jan-04-2022
