I-Pelton turbine (ekwaguqulelwa ngokuthi: iPelton waterwheel okanye iBourdain turbine, isiNgesi: iPelton wheel okanye iPelton Turbine) luhlobo lwe-impact turbine, eyaphuhliswa ngumqambi waseMelika uLester W. Yaphuhliswa nguAlan Pelton. Ii-Pelton turbines zisebenzisa amanzi ukuhamba nokubetheka kwi-waterwheel ukuze zifumane amandla, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kwi-waterwheel yesiqhelo eqhutywa bubunzima bamanzi ngokwawo. Ngaphambi kokuba kupapashwe uyilo lukaPelton, kwakukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ze-impingement turbine, kodwa zazingasebenzi kakuhle kunoyilo lukaPelton. Emva kokuba amanzi eshiye i-waterwheel, amanzi ahlala enesantya, echitha amandla amaninzi e-kinetic e-waterwheel. I-paddle geometry kaPelton injalo kangangokuba i-impeller ishiya i-impeller ngesantya esiphantsi kakhulu emva kokuba isebenza ngesiqingatha sesantya se-water jet; ngoko ke, uyilo lukaPelton lubamba amandla e-impact amanzi phantse ngokupheleleyo, ukuze ibe ne-water turbine esebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Emva kokuba amanzi ahamba ngesantya esiphezulu engena kwipayipi, ikholamu yamanzi enamandla iqondiswa kwiiblade zefeni ezimile okwebhakethi kwivili elihambayo ngevalvu yenaliti ukuze kuqhutywe ivili elihambayo. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba ziiblade zefeni ezithintelayo, zijikeleza umngcelele wevili eliqhubayo, kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yivili eliqhubayo. (Jonga ifoto ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha, iVintage Pelton Turbine). Njengoko ijethi yamanzi ithintela iiblade zefeni, indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi iya kutshintsha ngenxa yokuma kwebhakethi. Amandla empembelelo yamanzi aya kusebenzisa umzuzwana kwibhakethi yamanzi nakwinkqubo yevili elihambayo, kwaye asebenzise oku ukujikeleza ivili elihambayo; indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi ngokwawo "ayinakuguqulwa", kwaye indawo yokuphuma kwamanzi ibekwe ngaphandle kwebhakethi yamanzi, kwaye izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi liya kwehla liye kwisantya esiphantsi kakhulu. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, umfutho wejethi yolwelo uya kudluliselwa kwivili elihambayo kwaye ukusuka apho uye kwi-turbine yamanzi. Ngoko ke "umothuko" unokusebenza kwi-turbine. Ukuze kuphuculwe amandla nokusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi we-turbine, inkqubo ye-rotor kunye ne-turbine yenzelwe ukuphinda kabini isantya se-fluid jet kwi-bucket. Kwaye inxalenye encinci kakhulu yamandla okuqala e-kinetic ye-fluid jet iya kuhlala emanzini, nto leyo eyenza ibhakethi ingabi nanto kwaye izalise ngesantya esifanayo (jonga ukugcinwa kobunzima), ukuze ulwelo oluphezulu olufakwayo luqhubeke nokufakwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Akukho mandla afunekayo ukuchithakala. Ngokwesiqhelo, iibhakethi ezimbini ziya kufakelwa ecaleni kwelinye icala kwi-rotor, nto leyo eya kuvumela ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuba kwahlulwe kube yimibhobho emibini elinganayo yokuntywila (jonga umfanekiso). Olu qwalaselo lulinganisela amandla omthwalo osecaleni kwi-rotor kwaye lunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba buthambile, ngelixa amandla e-kinetic avela kwii-fluid jets nawo edluliselwa kwi-hydro turbine rotor.
Ekubeni amanzi kunye nobuninzi bezinto ezimanzi ziphantse zingacinezeleki, phantse onke amandla afumanekayo abanjwa kwinqanaba lokuqala emva kokuba ulwelo lungene kwi-turbine. Ii-turbine zasePelton, kwelinye icala, zinecandelo elinye lamavili ahambayo, ngokungafaniyo nee-turbine zegesi ezisebenza kwizinto ezixineneyo.
Izicelo ezisebenzayo Iiturbines zePelton zezinye zezona ntlobo zibalaseleyo zeeturbines zokuvelisa umbane ngamanzi kwaye zezona ntlobo zifanelekileyo zeturbine kwindalo xa umthombo wamanzi okhoyo uneentloko eziphakamileyo kakhulu kunye namazinga okuhamba aphantsi. ziyasebenza. Ke ngoko, kwindawo ephezulu kunye nokuhamba okuphantsi, iturbine yePelton yeyona isebenzayo, nokuba yahlulwe yaba yimijelo emibini, isenamandla afanayo ngokwethiyori. Kwakhona, imijelo esetyenziselwa imijelo emibini yokujova kufuneka ibe nomgangatho ofanayo, enye yayo ifuna ityhubhu ende ebhityileyo kwaye enye ityhubhu emfutshane ebanzi. Iiturbines zePelton zinokufakwa kwiindawo zazo zonke ubukhulu. Sele kukho izityalo zamandla ombane ezisebenzisa i-hydraulic shaft ethe nkqo iiturbines zePelton kudidi lweetoni. Iyunithi yayo enkulu yokufaka inokufikelela kwi-200 MW. Iiturbines zePelton ezincinci, kwelinye icala, zinobubanzi obuziisentimitha ezimbalwa kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukukhupha amandla kwimijelo ehamba iigaloni ezimbalwa ngomzuzu. Ezinye iinkqubo zemibhobho yasekhaya zisebenzisa amavili amanzi ohlobo lwePelton ukuhambisa amanzi. Ezi turbines zincinci zasePelton ziyacetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwindawo ephakamileyo yeenyawo ezingama-9.1 (9.1 m) okanye ngaphezulu ukuvelisa amandla abalulekileyo. Okwangoku, ngokwendlela amanzi ahamba ngayo kunye noyilo, ukuphakama kwentloko yendawo yokufakela iturbine yasePelton kungcono ukuba kumgama weemitha ezingama-49 ukuya kwezingama-5,905 (14.9 ukuya kwi-1,799.8), kodwa akukho mda wethiyori okwangoku.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-02-2022
