I-Pelton turbine (ehunyushwa futhi ngokuthi i-Pelton waterwheel noma i-Bourdain turbine, isiNgisi: i-Pelton wheel noma i-Pelton Turbine) uhlobo lwe-impact turbine, eyathuthukiswa ngumsunguli waseMelika uLester W. Yathuthukiswa ngu-Alan Pelton. Ama-Pelton turbine asebenzisa amanzi ukugeleza nokushaya i-waterwheel ukuthola amandla, okuhlukile ku-waterwheel yendabuko efakwa phezulu eqhutshwa isisindo samanzi uqobo. Ngaphambi kokushicilelwa komklamo kaPelton, kwakukhona izinguqulo eziningana ezahlukene ze-impingement turbine, kodwa zazingasebenzi kahle kunomklamo kaPelton. Ngemva kokuba amanzi eshiye i-waterwheel, amanzi ngokuvamile ahlala enejubane, echitha amandla amaningi e-kinetic e-waterwheel. I-paddle geometry kaPelton iwukuthi i-impeller ishiya i-impeller ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu ngemva kokugijima ngesigamu sejubane le-water jet; ngakho-ke, umklamo kaPelton ubamba amandla omthelela wamanzi cishe ngokuphelele, ukuze Ibe ne-water turbine esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngemva kokuba ukugeleza kwamanzi ngesivinini esiphezulu kungena epayipini, ikholomu yamanzi enamandla iqondiswa kuma-fan blades amise okwebhakede esondweni elihambayo nge-valve yenaliti ukuze kushayelwe isondo elihambayo. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi ama-fan blades angena ngaphakathi, azungeze umngcele wesondo lokushayela, futhi abizwa ngokuthi isondo lokushayela. (Bheka isithombe ukuze uthole imininingwane, i-Vintage Pelton Turbine). Njengoba i-water jet ithinta ama-fan blades, isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi sizoshintsha ngenxa yokuma kwebhakede. Amandla omthelela wamanzi azosebenzisa isikhashana ebhakedeni lamanzi kanye nohlelo lwamasondo ahambayo, futhi asebenzise lokhu ukuzungeza isondo elihambayo; isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi ngokwawo "asiguquki", futhi indawo yokuphuma kwamanzi ibekwe ngaphandle kwebhakede lamanzi, futhi izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi lizokwehla liye esivinini esiphansi kakhulu. Phakathi nale nqubo, umfutho we-fluid jet uzodluliselwa esondweni elihambayo bese kusuka lapho uye e-water turbine. Ngakho-ke "ukushaqeka" kungasebenza ngempela ku-turbine. Ukuze kukhuliswe amandla nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi we-turbine, uhlelo lwe-rotor kanye ne-turbine lwenzelwe ukuphinda kabili ijubane le-fluid jet ebhakedeni. Futhi ingxenye encane kakhulu yamandla okuqala e-kinetic e-fluid jet izohlala emanzini, okwenza ibhakede lingabi nalutho futhi ligcwale ngesivinini esifanayo (bheka ukongiwa kwesisindo), ukuze uketshezi olufakwayo olunomfutho ophezulu luqhubeke nokufakwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Akukho mandla okudingeka achitheke. Ngokuvamile, amabhakede amabili azofakwa eceleni kwe-rotor, okuzovumela ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuthi kuhlukaniswe kube amapayipi amabili alinganayo ukuze kuqhutshwe (bheka isithombe). Lokhu kulungiselelwa kulinganisela amandla omthwalo ohlangothini ku-rotor futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kubushelelezi, kuyilapho amandla e-kinetic avela kuma-fluid jets nawo edluliselwa ku-hydro turbine rotor.
Njengoba amanzi kanye noketshezi oluningi cishe kungenakucindezelwa, cishe wonke amandla atholakalayo abanjwa esigabeni sokuqala ngemva kokuba uketshezi lugeleze lungene ku-turbine. Ama-turbine e-Pelton, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anesigaba esisodwa kuphela samasondo ahambayo, ngokungafani nama-turbine egesi asebenza kuketshezi olucindezelwayo.
Izicelo ezisebenzayo Ama-turbine e-Pelton angenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zama-turbine zokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi futhi ayindlela efanele kakhulu ye-turbine endaweni lapho umthombo wamanzi otholakalayo unokuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu kwekhanda kanye namazinga okugeleza aphansi. Ngakho-ke, endaweni ephakeme kakhulu nephansi, i-turbine ye-Pelton iyona ephumelela kakhulu, noma ngabe ihlukaniswe yaba imifudlana emibili, isaqukethe amandla afanayo ngokombono. Futhi, imigudu esetshenziselwa imifudlana emibili yokujova kumele ibe nekhwalithi efanayo, enye yayo edinga ithubhu elide elincane kanti enye ithubhu elifushane elibanzi. Ama-turbine e-Pelton angafakwa ezindaweni zazo zonke izinhlobo. Sekuvele kunezitshalo zamandla kagesi ezisebenzisa i-hydroelectric ezine-hydraulic vertical shaft Pelton turbines esigabeni sama-ton. Iyunithi yayo enkulu yokufaka ingaba ngu-200 MW. Ama-turbine amancane e-Pelton, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angamasentimitha ambalwa ububanzi futhi angasetshenziswa ukukhipha amandla emifudlaneni egeleza amagaloni ambalwa ngomzuzu. Ezinye izinhlelo zokufaka amanzi zasekhaya zisebenzisa amasondo amanzi ohlobo lwe-Pelton ukuletha amanzi. Lawa ma-turbine amancane asePelton anconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingamafidi angu-9.1 (9.1 m) noma ngaphezulu ukuze akhiqize amandla amakhulu. Njengamanje, ngokuya ngokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nomklamo, ukuphakama kwekhanda lendawo yokufaka i-turbine yasePelton kungcono kube phakathi kwamamitha angu-14.9 kuya ku-1,799.8 (49 kuya ku-5,905 feet), kodwa akukho mkhawulo wethiyori okwamanje.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-02-2022
