Ko te tāpine Pelton (e whakamāoritia ana hoki: Pelton waterwheel, Bourdain turbine rānei, Ingarihi: Pelton wheel, Pelton Turbine rānei) he momo tāpine pānga, i whakawhanakehia e te kaihanga Amerikana a Lester W. I whakawhanakehia e Alan Pelton. Ka whakamahia e ngā tāpine Pelton te wai hei rere, ka pā ki te tāpine wai hei whiwhi pūngao, he rerekē tēnei i te tāpine wai werohanga-ake tuku iho e peia ana e te taumaha o te wai tonu. I mua i te whakaputanga o te hoahoa a Pelton, he maha ngā putanga rerekē o te tāpine pānga i te wā, engari he iti ake te whai huatanga i te hoahoa a Pelton. I muri i te wehenga atu o te wai i te tāpine wai, he tere tonu te wai, ka moumou te nuinga o te kaha nekeneke o te tāpine wai. Ko te āhua o te hoe a Pelton ko te wehenga atu o te impeller i te impeller i te tere tino iti i muri i te oma i te haurua o te tere o te jet wai; nō reira, ka hopukina e te hoahoa a Pelton te kaha pānga o te wai tata katoa, kia whai tāpine wai tino whai hua.
I muri i te urunga o te rere wai tere-teitei ki roto i te paipa, ka tukuna te pou wai kaha ki ngā mata pā ahua-pākete i runga i te wira neke mā roto i te takirere ngira hei akiaki i te wira neke. E mōhiotia ana hoki tēnei ko ngā mata pā impingement, ka karapoti i te taha o te wira taraiwa, ā, ka kiia ko te wira taraiwa. (Tirohia te whakaahua mō ētahi atu taipitopito, Vintage Pelton Turbine). I te pānga o te wai ki ngā mata pā, ka rerekē te ahunga rere o te wai nā te āhua o te pākete. Ka pā te kaha o te pānga wai ki te pākete wai me te pūnaha wira neke, ā, ka whakamahia tēnei hei huri i te wira neke; ko te ahunga rere o te wai tonu he "kore e taea te hoki", ā, ka whakatakotoria te putanga rere o te wai ki waho o te pākete wai, ā, ka heke te tere rere o te rere o te wai ki te tere Tino iti. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka whakawhitia te nekehanga o te wai rere ki te wira neke, ā, mai i reira ki te tāpine wai. Nō reira, ka taea e te "ru" te mahi mō te tāpine. Hei whakanui ake i te kaha me te whai huatanga o te mahi a te tāpine, kua hangaia te rotor me te pūnaha tāpine kia rua te tere o te rerenga wai ki runga i te peere. Ā, he iti noa te wāhanga o te kaha nekeneke taketake o te rerenga wai ka noho ki roto i te wai, ka noho kau te peere, ka whakakīia i te tere kotahi (tirohia te tiaki papatipu), kia taea ai te werohanga tonu o te wai whakauru pēhanga teitei me te kore e mutu. Kāore he pūngao e hiahiatia kia moumou. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakanohoia ngā peere e rua ki te taha o te rotor, ka taea ai te wehe i te rere o te wai kia rua ngā paipa ōrite mō te rerenga (tirohia te pikitia). Ka whakatauritehia e tēnei whirihoranga ngā kaha kawenga taha ki runga i te rotor, ā, ka āwhina ki te whakarite i te maeneene, i te mea ka tukuna hoki te kaha nekeneke mai i ngā rerenga wai ki te rotor tāpine wai.
Nā te mea he tata kore e taea te pēhi i te wai me te nuinga o ngā wai, tata katoa te pūngao e wātea ana ka hopukina i te wāhanga tuatahi i muri i te rere o te wai ki roto i te tāpine. Ko ngā tāpine Pelton, i tētahi atu ringa, kotahi anake te wāhanga wira e neke ana, he rerekē ki ngā tāpine hau e mahi ana i runga i ngā wai ka taea te pēhi.
Ngā Whakamahinga Whaihua Ko ngā tāpine Pelton tētahi o ngā momo tāpine pai rawa atu mō te whakaputa hiko wai, ā, koinei te momo tāpine tino pai mō te taiao ina he tino teitei te teitei o te pane wai e wātea ana, ā, he iti hoki ngā tere rere. Nō reira, i roto i te taiao pane teitei me te rere iti, ko te tāpine Pelton te mea tino whai hua, ahakoa kua wehea kia rua ngā awa, kei roto tonu te pūngao kotahi i roto i te ariā. Waihoki, me rite te kounga o ngā paipa e whakamahia ana mō ngā awa werohanga e rua, me whai ngongo roa, angiangi tētahi, me whai ngongo poto, whānui hoki tētahi. Ka taea te tāuta i ngā tāpine Pelton ki ngā wāhi o ngā rahi katoa. Kua wātea kē ngā tipu hiko wai me ngā tāpine Pelton poutū waipēhi i roto i te akomanga tana. Ka taea e tōna wae tāutanga nui rawa te eke ki te 200 MW. Ko ngā tāpine Pelton iti rawa, i tētahi atu taha, he torutoru inihi noa te whānui, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei tango pūngao mai i ngā awa e rere ana i te torutoru karani ia meneti. Ko ētahi pūnaha paipa whare e whakamahi ana i ngā wira wai momo Pelton mō te tuku wai. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ēnei tāwhana iti Pelton i te teitei o te pane o te 30 putu (9.1 m) neke atu rānei hei whakaputa mana nui. I tēnei wā, e ai ki te rere me te hoahoa o te wai, ko te teitei o te pane o te wāhi tāutanga o te tāwhana Pelton he pai ake i te awhe o te 49 ki te 5,905 putu (14.9 ki te 1,799.8 mita), engari kāore he rohe arorau i tēnei wā.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-02-2022
