Turbine ya Pelton (yomwe imamasuliridwanso kuti: Pelton waterwheel kapena Bourdain turbine, Chingerezi: Pelton wheel kapena Pelton Turbine) ndi mtundu wa turbine yokhudza mphamvu, yomwe idapangidwa ndi wopanga waku America Lester W. Yopangidwa ndi Alan Pelton. Ma turbine a Pelton amagwiritsa ntchito madzi kuyenda ndikugunda waterwheel kuti apeze mphamvu, zomwe zimasiyana ndi waterwheel yachikhalidwe yolowera mmwamba yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi kulemera kwa madzi okha. Kapangidwe ka Pelton kasanasindikizidwe, panali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya turbine yokhudza mphamvu, koma sinali yogwira ntchito bwino kuposa kapangidwe ka Pelton. Madzi akachoka pa waterwheel, madzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi liwiro, akuwononga mphamvu zambiri za kinetic za waterwheel. Mawonekedwe a paddle a Pelton ndi oti impeller imasiya impeller pa liwiro lochepa kwambiri itatha kuthamanga ndi theka la liwiro la water jet; chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka Pelton kamatha kugwira mphamvu ya mphamvu ya madzi pafupifupi kwathunthu, kotero kuti Ili ndi turbine yamadzi yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Madzi othamanga kwambiri akalowa mu payipi, mzati wamphamvu wamadzi umalunjika ku masamba a fan ooneka ngati chidebe pa gudumu loyenda kudzera mu valavu ya singano kuti ayendetse gudumu loyenda. Izi zimadziwikanso kuti masamba a fan opindika, amazungulira mbali ya gudumu loyendetsa, ndipo onse amatchedwa gudumu loyendetsa. (Onani chithunzi kuti mudziwe zambiri, Vintage Pelton Turbine). Pamene jet yamadzi ikukhudza masamba a fan, njira yoyendera madzi idzasintha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chidebecho. Mphamvu ya kugwedezeka kwa madzi idzagwira ntchito pang'ono pa chidebe cha madzi ndi dongosolo la mawilo oyenda, ndikugwiritsa ntchito izi kuzungulira gudumu loyenda; njira yoyendera madzi yokha ndi "yosasinthika", ndipo njira yotulutsira madzi imayikidwa kunja kwa chidebe cha madzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda kudzatsika kwambiri. Panthawiyi, mphamvu ya jet yamadzi idzasamutsidwira ku gudumu loyenda ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku turbine yamadzi. Chifukwa chake "kugwedezeka" kumatha kugwira ntchito pa turbine. Pofuna kukulitsa mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito a turbine, makina ozungulira ndi makina ozungulira a turbine adapangidwa kuti awonjezere liwiro la madzi ozungulira pa chidebecho kawiri. Ndipo gawo laling'ono kwambiri la mphamvu yoyambirira ya madzi ozungulira lidzakhalabe m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chidebecho chikhale chopanda kanthu ndikudzaza pa liwiro lomwelo (onani kusunga mphamvu), kotero kuti madzi olowera amphamvu kwambiri apitirire kubayidwa popanda kusokonezedwa. Palibe mphamvu yomwe imafunika kutayidwa. Nthawi zambiri, zidebe ziwiri zimayikidwa pambali pa rotor, zomwe zimalola kuti madzi agawidwe m'mapaipi awiri ofanana kuti agwedezeke (onani chithunzi). Kapangidwe kameneka kamalinganiza mphamvu za mbali pa rotor ndikuthandiza kuonetsetsa kuti ikuyenda bwino, pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku madzi ozungulira imasamutsidwiranso ku rotor ya hydro turbine.
Popeza madzi ndi madzi ambiri sagwira ntchito, mphamvu zonse zomwe zilipo zimagwidwa mu gawo loyamba madzi akalowa mu turbine. Koma ma turbine a Pelton ali ndi gawo limodzi lokha la gudumu loyenda, mosiyana ndi ma turbine a gasi omwe amagwira ntchito pamadzimadzi opanikizika.
Ma turbine a Pelton ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya ma turbine opangira magetsi ndipo ndi mtundu woyenera kwambiri wa turbine pa chilengedwe pamene madzi omwe alipo ali ndi kutalika kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kochepa. Chifukwa chake, m'malo okwera komanso otsika, turbine ya Pelton ndi yothandiza kwambiri, ngakhale itagawidwa m'mitsinje iwiri, imakhalabe ndi mphamvu yomweyo. Komanso, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitsinje iwiri yopangira jekeseni ziyenera kukhala zamtundu wofanana, umodzi womwe umafuna chubu chopyapyala chachitali ndipo winayo chubu chachifupi. Ma turbine a Pelton amatha kuyikidwa m'malo amitundu yonse. Pali kale malo opangira magetsi amadzi okhala ndi hydraulic vertical shaft Pelton turbines mu gulu la ton. Gawo lake lalikulu kwambiri lokhazikitsa likhoza kukhala mpaka 200 MW. Koma ma turbine ang'onoang'ono a Pelton turbines, ali ndi mainchesi ochepa okha ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku mitsinje yomwe imayenda magaloni ochepa pamphindi. Makina ena apakhomo amagwiritsa ntchito mawilo amadzi amtundu wa Pelton popereka madzi. Ma turbine ang'onoang'ono a Pelton awa amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamwamba pa mamita 9.1 kapena kuposerapo kuti apange mphamvu zambiri. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi kayendedwe ka madzi ndi kapangidwe kake, kutalika kwa mutu wa malo oikira turbine ya Pelton kumakhala pakati pa mamita 14.9 mpaka 1,799.8, koma palibe malire a chiphunzitso pakadali pano.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-02-2022
