I-injini yamanzi yi-turbomachinery koomatshini bolwelo.Kwangoko malunga ne-100 BC, iprototype yeinjini yamanzi, ivili lamanzi, yazalwa.Ngelo xesha, umsebenzi ophambili yayikukuqhuba oomatshini bokulungisa ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nokunkcenkceshela.Ivili lamanzi, njengesixhobo somatshini esisebenzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi njengamandla, siye saphuhliswa kwi-injini yamanzi yangoku, kwaye umda wokusetyenziswa kwawo uye wandiswa.Ngoko ke zisetyenziswa phi kakhulu iiinjini zamanzi zanamhlanje?
Iiinjini zomoya zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizikhululo zamandla ezimpompeweyo.Xa umthwalo wesixokelelwano samandla ungaphantsi kunomthwalo osisiseko, unokusetyenziswa njengempompo yamanzi ukuze kusetyenziswe amandla okuvelisa umbane agqithileyo ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka kwidama elisezantsi ukuya kwidama elinyukayo ukugcina amandla ngokohlobo lwamandla anokubakho;xa umthwalo wenkqubo uphezulu kunomthwalo osisiseko, unokusetyenziswa njenge-hydraulic turbine, ukuvelisa umbane ukulawula imithwalo ephezulu.Ngoko ke, isikhululo samandla esigciniweyo esicocekileyo asikwazi ukunyusa amandla enkqubo yamandla, kodwa inokuphucula uqoqosho olusebenzayo lweeyunithi zokuvelisa amandla ashushu kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yamandla.Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1950s, iiyunithi zokugcina ezimpompelweyo ziye zaxatyiswa kakhulu kwaye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela.
Uninzi lweeyunithi zokugcina ezipompeweyo eziphuhliswe kwinqanaba lokuqala okanye kunye nentloko yamanzi ephezulu yamkele uhlobo lomatshini amathathu, oko kukuthi, aqulunqwe yi-motor generator, i-turbine yamanzi kunye nempompo yamanzi ngokulandelelana.Inzuzo yayo kukuba i-turbine kunye nepompo yamanzi yenzelwe ngokwahlukileyo, enokuthi ngamnye ube nempumelelo ephezulu, kwaye iyunithi ijikeleza kwicala elifanayo xa ivelisa umbane kunye nokupompa amanzi, kwaye inokuguqula ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ekuveliseni amandla ukuya ekupompeni, okanye ukusuka ekupompeni ukuya kumanzi. ukuveliswa kwamandla.Ngexesha elifanayo, i-injini yomoya ingasetyenziselwa ukuqala iyunithi.Ububi bayo kukuba ixabiso liphezulu kwaye utyalo-mali lwesikhululo samandla lukhulu.
Amagqabi omqhubi we-oblique flow pump turbine angajikeleziswa, kwaye isenomsebenzi omhle wokusebenza xa intloko yamanzi kunye nomthwalo utshintsha.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kweempawu ze-hydraulic kunye namandla ezinto eziphathekayo, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1980, intloko yayo yomnatha yayiyimitha ye-136.2 kuphela.(Isikhululo saMandla saseTakagen saseJapan).Kwiintloko eziphezulu, ii-injini zempompo zikaFrancis ziyafuneka.
Isikhululo samandla esimpompelweyo sineendawo zokugcina amanzi aphezulu nasezantsi.Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokugcina amandla afanayo, ukwandisa ukunyuswa kunokunciphisa umthamo wokugcina, ukwandisa isantya seyunithi, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zeprojekthi.Ngoko ke, isikhululo samandla okugcina amandla aphezulu ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-300 siphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza.I-Francis pump-turbine eneyona ntloko yamanzi iphakamileyo emhlabeni ifakwe kwiSikhululo saMandla saseBaina Basta eYugoslavia.unyaka iqalile ukusebenza.Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yama-20, iiyunithi zamandla ombane ziye zaphuhla kwicala leeparamitha eziphezulu kunye nomthamo omkhulu.Ngokunyuka komthamo wamandla obushushu kwinkqubo yamandla kunye nophuhliso lwamandla enyukliya, ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki yolawulo olufanelekileyo lwencopho, ukongeza ekuphuhliseni ngamandla okanye ekwandiseni izikhululo zamandla ezinkulu kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zamanzi, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela. bakhuthele ukwakha izikhululo zamandla ezimpontshwayo, okukhokelela kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwee-injini zompompo.
Njengomatshini wamandla oguqula amandla okuhamba kwamanzi abe kumandla omatshini ajikelezayo, i-hydro turbine yinxalenye eyimfuneko kwiseti ye-hydro-generator.Namhlanje, ingxaki yokukhuselwa kwendalo iya iba yinto enzulu ngakumbi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kunye nokukhuthazwa kombane wamanzi, osebenzisa amandla acocekileyo, kwanda.Ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zehydraulic, amaza, imilambo ethafeni enokuhla okuphantsi kakhulu kunye namaza nawo atsale ingqwalaselo ebanzi, ekhokelela kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweeinjini ze-tubular kunye nezinye iiyunithi ezincinci.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-23-2022
