I-turbine yamanzi iyi-turbomachinery emishinini yamanzi. Cishe cishe ngo-100 BC, kwazalwa uhlobo lwe-turbine yamanzi, isondo lamanzi. Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi oyinhloko kwakuwukushayela imishini yokucubungula okusanhlamvu nokunisela. Isondo lamanzi, njengedivayisi yomshini esebenzisa ukugeleza kwamanzi njengamandla, selithuthuke laba yi-turbine yamanzi yamanje, futhi ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwalo selwandisiwe. Ngakho-ke ama-turbine amanzi anamuhla asetshenziswa kuphi kakhulu?
Ama-turbine asetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini zamandla zokugcina ezipompiwe. Uma umthwalo wesistimu yamandla uphansi kunomthwalo oyisisekelo, ungasetshenziswa njengephampu yamanzi ukuze usebenzise amandla okukhiqiza amandla amaningi ukupompa amanzi kusuka echibini elingezansi kuya echibini elingaphezulu ukuze kugcinwe amandla ngendlela yamandla angaba khona; lapho umthwalo wesistimu uphakeme kunomthwalo oyisisekelo, ungasetshenziswa njenge-hydraulic turbine, ukhiqize ugesi ukulawula imithwalo ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, isiteshi samandla sokugcina esipompiwe esimsulwa asikwazi ukwandisa amandla esistimu yamandla, kodwa singathuthukisa umnotho wokusebenza wamayunithi akhiqiza amandla okushisa futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yamandla iyonke. Kusukela ngawo-1950, amayunithi okugcina apompiwe aye aziswa kakhulu futhi athuthukiswa ngokushesha emazweni emhlabeni jikelele.
Iningi lamayunithi okugcina amanzi aphumile athuthukiswe esigabeni sokuqala noma anekhanda lamanzi aphezulu asebenzisa uhlobo lwemishini emithathu, okungukuthi, akhiwe yinjini yokukhiqiza, i-turbine yamanzi kanye nephampu yamanzi ngokulandelana. Inzuzo yayo ukuthi i-turbine kanye nephampu yamanzi kuklanywe ngokwehlukana, okungaba nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, futhi iyunithi ijikeleza ohlangothini olufanayo lapho ikhiqiza ugesi futhi ipompa amanzi, futhi ingaguquka ngokushesha kusukela ekukhiqizeni ugesi iye ekupompeni, noma kusukela ekupompeni iye ekukhiqizeni ugesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-turbine ingasetshenziswa ukuqala iyunithi. Ububi bayo ukuthi izindleko ziphezulu futhi utshalomali lwesiteshi sikagesi lukhulu.
Ama-blade e-runner ye-turbine ye-oblique flow pump angajikeleziswa, futhi isene-operating performance enhle uma ikhanda lamanzi kanye nomthwalo kushintsha. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwezimpawu ze-hydraulic kanye namandla ezinto ezibonakalayo, ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, ikhanda layo eliphelele lalingu-136.2 amamitha kuphela. (Isiteshi Sikagesi SaseJapan iTakagen First). Kumakhanda aphezulu, kudingeka ama-turbine e-Francis pump.
Isiteshi samandla okugcina ugesi esipompiwe sinezindawo zokugcina ugesi eziphezulu nezingezansi. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokugcina amandla afanayo, ukwandisa i-lift kunganciphisa umthamo wokugcina, kwandise isivinini seyunithi, futhi kunciphise izindleko zephrojekthi. Ngakho-ke, isiteshi samandla okugcina ugesi esiphezulu ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-300 sithuthuke ngokushesha. I-Francis pump-turbine enekhanda lamanzi eliphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni ifakiwe eBaina Basta Power Station eYugoslavia. Kusukela ngekhulu lama-20, amayunithi kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi abelokhu ethuthuka ngokuya ngamapharamitha aphezulu kanye nomthamo omkhulu. Ngokwanda kwamandla kagesi okushisa ohlelweni lwamandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla enuzi, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokulawulwa okuphezulu okunengqondo, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ngamandla noma ukwandisa iziteshi zamandla ezinkulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi ezinkulu, amazwe emhlabeni jikelele akha ngenkuthalo iziteshi zamandla okugcina ugesi ezipompiwe, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwama-pump-turbine.
Njengomshini wamandla oguqula amandla okugeleza kwamanzi abe amandla omshini ajikelezayo, i-hydro turbine iyingxenye ebalulekile yesethi ye-hydro-generator. Namuhla, inkinga yokuvikelwa kwemvelo iya ngokuya iba nkulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa nokukhuthazwa kwamandla kagesi, asebenzisa amandla ahlanzekile, kuyanda. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izinsizakusebenza ezahlukahlukene ze-hydraulic, amaza, imifula engenalutho enehla eliphansi kakhulu kanye namagagasi alinganayo nakho kuye kwadonsela ukunaka kabanzi, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwama-turbine amashubhu kanye nezinye izingxenye ezincane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-23-2022
