Te Hoahoa o te Wira Wai mō te Pūngao Wai
He hangarau te pūngao wai e huri ana i te pūngao nekeneke o te wai e neke ana hei pūngao miihini, hei pūngao hiko rānei, ā, ko tētahi o ngā taputapu tuatahi i whakamahia hei huri i te pūngao o te wai e neke ana hei mahi whai hua ko te Waterwheel Design.
Kua whanake haere te hoahoa o te wira wai i roto i te wā, ko ētahi wira wai he poutū te anga, ko ētahi he whakapae, ko ētahi he pūrei me ngā taputapu matatini e piri ana, engari he rite tonu te mahi a ēnei katoa, arā, "te huri i te nekehanga rārangi o te wai e neke ana hei nekehanga hurihuri ka taea te whakamahi hei akiaki i tētahi mīhini e hono ana ki a ia mā te rakau hurihuri".
Te Hoahoa Wīra Wai Noa
He tino taketake, he māmā hoki ngā mīhini o te Hoahoa o ngā Wira Wai o Mua, he wira rakau poutū me ngā mata rakau, ngā peere rānei e mau ana i te taha o aua mata, e tautokona ana i runga i tētahi pou whakapae me te kaha o te wai e rere ana i raro i a ia e pana ana i te wira ki te ahunga pātata ki ngā mata.
He tino pai ake ēnei wira wai poutū i te hoahoa wira wai whakapae o mua i hangaia e ngā Kariki me ngā Ihipiana o mua, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te mahi pai ake mā te whakawhiti i te nekehanga o te wai e neke ana ki te mana. Kātahi ka honoa ngā pūrei me ngā taputapu ki te wira wai, ā, ka taea te huri i te ahunga o te rakau hurihuri mai i te whakapae ki te poutū kia taea ai te whakahaere i ngā kōhatu mira, te kani rakau, te kuru i te konganuku, te tā me te tapahi me ētahi atu.
Ngā Momo Hoahoa o te Wira Wai
Ko te nuinga o ngā wira wai, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā Mira Wai, ko ngā Wira Wai noa iho rānei, he wira poutū e hurihuri ana i te taha o tētahi toki whakapae, ā, ko ēnei momo wira wai ka whakarōpūtia e te huarahi e pāngia ai te wai ki te wira, e pā ana ki te toki o te wira. E ai ki tāu e whakaaro ana, he mīhini nui ngā wira wai e hurihuri ana i ngā tere koki iti, ā, he iti te whai huatanga, nā te ngaronga o te waku me te kore e oti te whakakī i ngā peere, me ētahi atu.
Mā te mahi a te wai e pana ana ki ngā peere, ki ngā hoe rānei o ngā wira ka whanake te taipana i runga i te toki engari mā te tuku i te wai ki ēnei hoe me ngā peere mai i ngā tūranga rerekē o te wira ka taea te whakapai ake i te tere o te hurihanga me tōna whai huatanga. Ko ngā momo hoahoa wira wai e rua e tino kitea ana ko te "wira wai undershot" me te "wira wai overshot".
Te Hoahoa o te Wira Wai o Undershot
Ko te Hoahoa Wira Wai Undershot, e mōhiotia ana ko te "wira awa", ko te momo wira wai i whakamahia nuitia e ngā Kariki me ngā Rōmana onamata, nā te mea koinei te momo wira māmā rawa atu, iti te utu, me te ngāwari hoki ki te hanga.
I roto i tēnei momo hoahoa wira wai, ka whakanohoia tika te wira ki roto i te awa tere e rere ana, ā, ka tautokona mai i runga. Mā te nekehanga o te wai i raro ka puta he mahi pana ki ngā hoe kua totohu ki te taha raro o te wira, ka taea ai e ia te huri i te taha kotahi anake e pā ana ki te ahunga o te rere o te wai.
Ko tēnei momo hoahoa wira wai e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ngā wāhi papatahi kāore he pari whenua tūturu, i ngā wāhi rānei e tere haere ana te rere o te wai. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu hoahoa wira wai, he tino koretake tēnei momo hoahoa, me te iti noa iho o te 20% o te pūngao pūmanawa wai e whakamahia ana hei huri i te wira. Kotahi noa te whakamahinga o te pūngao wai hei huri i te wira, ā, muri iho ka rere atu me te toenga o te wai.
Ko tētahi atu ngoikoretanga o te wira wai raro-pere ko te nui o te wai e tere haere ana. Nō reira, ko ngā wira wai raro-pere kei te taha o ngā awa i te nuinga o te wā ka tū ki te taha o ngā awa nā te mea kāore i te nui te kaha o ngā awa iti i roto i te wai e rere ana.
Ko tētahi huarahi hei whakapai ake i te pai o te mahi a te wira wai raro-pere ko te tahuri i te ōrau o te wai i roto i te awa i te taha o tētahi awaawa whaiti, o tētahi awaawa rānei, kia whakamahia ai te 100% o te wai kua tahurihia hei huri i te wira. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, me whaiti te wira raro-pere, ā, me tino tika te uru ki roto i te awaawa kia kore ai te wai e puta mai i ngā taha, mā te whakanui ake rānei i te maha, i te rahi rānei o ngā hoe.
Hoahoa Wira Wai Overshot
Ko te Hoahoa Wira Wai Overshot te momo hoahoa wira wai tino noa. He uaua ake te hanganga me te hoahoa o te wira wai overshot i te wira wai undershot o mua nā te mea he peere, he wāhanga iti rānei hei hopu me te pupuri i te wai.
Ka whakakīia ēnei peere ki te wai e rere ana i te tihi o te wira. Nā te taumaha ā-papa o te wai i roto i ngā peere kī tonu ka huri te wira i tōna tuaka pokapū i te mea ka mama ake ngā peere kau i tērā taha o te wira.
Ka whakamahia e tēnei momo wira wai te kaha ā-papa hei whakapai ake i te putanga me te wai tonu, nō reira he nui ake te whai huatanga o ngā wira wai overshot i ngā hoahoa undershot nā te mea ko te nuinga o te wai me tōna taumaha e whakamahia ana hei whakaputa i te mana whakaputa. Heoi, pērā i mua, kotahi noa te whakamahinga o te pūngao wai hei huri i te wira, kātahi ka rere atu me te toenga o te wai.
Ka iri ngā wira wai e rere ana i runga ake i te awa, i te awa rānei, ā, ka hangaia i ngā taha o ngā puke hei whakarato i te puna wai mai i runga me te teitei iti (te tawhiti poutū i waenga i te wai i te tihi me te awa, te awa rānei i raro) i waenga i te 5 ki te 20 mita. Ka taea te hanga i tētahi pā iti, i tētahi parepare rānei, hei whakamahi hei whakawhiti me te whakanui ake i te tere o te wai ki te tihi o te wira, hei hoatu i te kaha ake, engari ko te nui o te wai, kaua ko tōna tere, te mea e āwhina ana ki te huri i te wira.
Ko te tikanga, ka hangaia ngā wira wai nui rawa atu kia nui rawa atu te tawhiti o te pane e taea ana e te taumaha ā-papa o te wai kia huri ai te wira. Heoi, he uaua ake, he utu nui ake hoki te hanga i ngā wira wai whānui nui nā te taumaha o te wira me te wai.
Ina whakakīia ngā peere takitahi ki te wai, ka huri te wira i te taha o te rere o te wai nā te taumaha ā-papa o te wai. I te tata haere o te koki hurihanga ki te raro o te wira, ka ringihia te wai i roto i te peere ki te awa, ki te awaawa rānei i raro, engari nā te taumaha o ngā peere e huri ana i muri i a ia ka huri tonu te wira me tōna tere hurihanga. Ka haere tonu te peere kau i te taha o te wira hurihuri tae noa ki te hokinga ake ki runga, kia rite ai ki te whakakīia ki te wai anō, ā, ka hoki anō te huringa. Ko tētahi o ngā ngoikoretanga o te hoahoa wira wai kua nekehia te wai ko te kotahi noa te whakamahinga o te wai i a ia e rere ana i runga i te wira.
Te Hoahoa o te Wira Wai Pitchback
He momo rerekē te Hoahoa Wira Wai Pitchback i te wira wai overshot o mua, nā te mea ka whakamahia hoki e ia te taumaha ā-papa o te wai hei āwhina i te huri i te wira, engari ka whakamahia hoki e ia te rere o te wai para i raro iho hei pana atu. Ka whakamahia e tēnei momo hoahoa wira wai he pūnaha whāngai pane iti e whakarato ana i te wai tata ki te tihi o te wira mai i te pentrough i runga ake.
He rerekē tēnei i te wira wai i tōia te wai ki runga i te wira, ā, ka huri i te ahunga o te wai e rere ana, ka whāngaihia te wai e te wira wai i raro iho mā roto i tētahi awaawa ki roto i te peere i raro nei, ā, ka huri te wira i te ahunga rerekē o te rere o te wai i runga ake nei.
Pērā i te wira wai i pekehia i mua, nā te taumaha ā-papa o te wai i roto i ngā peere ka huri te wira engari i te taha whakamuri. I te tata o te koki hurihanga ki raro o te wira, ka ringihia te wai i roto i ngā peere ki raro. I te mea ka piri te peere kau ki te wira, ka huri tonu me te wira pērā i mua tae noa ki te hokinga ake ki runga, kia rite ai ki te whakakīia ki te wai anō, ā, ka hoki anō te huringa.
Ko te rerekētanga i tēnei wā, ko te wai para i ringihia mai i te peere hurihuri ka rere atu i te ahunga o te wira hurihuri (nā te mea kāore he wāhi kē atu hei haere), he rite ki te wira wai o raro. Nō reira, ko te painga matua o te wira wai piko-muri ko te whakamahi i te kaha o te wai e rua ngā wā, kotahi mai i runga, kotahi mai i raro hei huri i te wira huri noa i tōna tuaka pokapū.
Ko te mutunga mai, ka nui ake te whai huatanga o te hoahoa o te wira wai ki te neke atu i te 80% o te kaha o te wai nā te mea e peia ana e te taumaha ā-papa o te wai e tomo mai ana, me te kaha, te pēhanga rānei o te wai e anga atu ana ki roto i ngā peere mai i runga, me te rere o te wai para i raro e pana ana ki ngā peere. Ko te ngoikoretanga o te wira wai pitchback, me whai whakaritenga wai uaua ake i runga ake i te wira me ngā awaawa me ngā pentroughs.
Te Hoahoa o te Wira Wai o te Uma
Ko te Hoahoa Wira Wai Uma he hoahoa wira wai poutū e tomo ana te wai ki roto i ngā peere i te haurua o te teitei o te toki, i runga ake rānei, kātahi ka rere ki raro i te ahunga o te hurihanga o ngā wira. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te wira wai uma i ngā wā kāore e ranea te pane o te wai hei whakakaha i te hoahoa wira wai i runga ake i te toki, i te toki hoki rānei mai i runga.
Ko te ngoikoretanga i konei ko te taumaha ā-papa o te wai e whakamahia ana mō te hauwhā o te hurihanga anake, he rerekē i mua i whakamahia mō te haurua o te hurihanga. Hei whakakore i tēnei teitei iti o te pane, ka whānui ake ngā peere o ngā wira wai kia tangohia ai te nui o te kaha pūmanawa e hiahiatia ana mai i te wai.
Ka whakamahia e ngā wira wai pūmau te taumaha o te wai hei huri i te wira, engari nā te mea he haurua te teitei o te pane o te wai i te teitei o te wira wai pūmau noa, he whānui ake ngā peere i ngā hoahoa wira wai o mua hei whakanui ake i te rahinga o te wai e mau ana i roto i ngā peere. Ko te ngoikoretanga o tēnei momo hoahoa ko te pikinga ake o te whānui me te taumaha o te wai e haria ana e ia peere. Pērā i te hoahoa pitchback, ka whakamahia e te wira pūmau te kaha o te wai e rua ngā wā, nā te mea kua hangaia te wira wai kia noho ki roto i te wai, kia taea ai e te wai para te āwhina i te hurihanga o te wira i a ia e rere ana ki raro i te awa.
Whakaputa Hiko mā te whakamahi i te Wīra Wai
I ngā wā o mua, i whakamahia ngā wira wai mō te mira paraoa, ngā witi me ētahi atu mahi miihini. Engari ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā wira wai mō te whakaputa hiko, e kiia nei ko te pūnaha Hiko Wai. Mā te hono i tētahi kaihanga hiko ki te pou hurihuri o ngā wira wai, mā te whakamahi i ngā whitiki taraiwa me ngā pūrei, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā wira wai hei whakaputa hiko tonu mō ngā hāora 24 i te rā, he rerekē ki te pūngao o te rā. Mena ka tika te hoahoa o te wira wai, ka taea e tētahi pūnaha hiko wai iti, "iti" rānei te whakaputa hiko hei whakakā i ngā rama me/ngā taputapu hiko rānei i roto i tētahi kāinga noa.
Rapua ngā Pūkaha Wai Wira i hangaia hei whakaputa i tōna putanga tino pai i ngā tere iti. Mō ngā kaupapa iti, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi motuka DC iti hei pūkaha tere-iti, hei pūkaha waka rānei, engari kua hangaia ēnei hei mahi i ngā tere teitei ake, nō reira me whakamahi pea i tētahi momo taputapu. He pūkaha wai pai te pūkaha hau, nā te mea kua hangaia mō te mahi tere-iti, putanga teitei.
Mena he awa tere, he awa iti rānei e tata ana ki tō kāinga, ki tō māra rānei, ka taea e koe te whakamahi, he pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha hiko wai iti hei whakakapi i ētahi atu momo pūngao hou pērā i te "Pūngao Hau" me te "Pūngao Rā" nā te mea he iti ake te pānga tirohanga. Pērā i te hau me te pūngao rā, me tētahi pūnaha whakaputa hiko iti e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko ā-rohe, me te pūnaha whakaputa hiko e hangaia ana e te wira wai iti e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko ā-rohe, ka taea te hoko atu ki te kamupene hiko tetahi hiko e whakaputaina ana e koe engari kāore e whakamahia ana.
I te akoranga e whai ake nei mō te Pūngao Wai, ka tirohia e tātou ngā momo tāpine e wātea ana ka taea te tāpiri atu ki tā tātou hoahoa wira wai mō te whakaputa hiko wai. Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō te Hoahoa Wira Wai me te pehea ki te whakaputa i tō ake hiko mā te whakamahi i te mana o te wai, ki te tiki atu rānei i ētahi atu kōrero mō te pūngao wai mō ngā hoahoa wira wai rerekē e wātea ana, ki te tūhura rānei i ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te pūngao wai, Pāwhiri ki Konei hei tono i tāu kape mai i Amazon i tēnei rā mō ngā mātāpono me te hanganga o ngā wira wai ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaputa hiko.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-25-2021
