Mapangidwe a Waterwheel a Hydro Energy
hydro energy iconHydro energy ndiukadaulo womwe umasintha mphamvu ya kinetic yosuntha madzi kukhala mphamvu zamakina kapena zamagetsi, ndipo chimodzi mwa zida zakale kwambiri zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthira mphamvu yakusuntha madzi kukhala ntchito yogwiritsidwa ntchito inali Waterwheel Design.
Mapangidwe a magudumu amadzi asintha pakapita nthawi ndi mawilo ena amadzi olunjika, ena mopingasa ndipo ena amakhala ndi ma pulleys ndi magiya apamwamba, koma onse adapangidwa kuti azichita zomwezo ndipo ndi chimodzimodzi, "kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi oyenda kukhala mayendedwe ozungulira omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyendetsa makina aliwonse omwe alumikizidwa nawo kudzera pa shaft yozungulira".
Mapangidwe Odziwika a Waterwheel
Early Waterwheel Design anali makina akale komanso osavuta okhala ndi gudumu lamatabwa loyima lokhala ndi matabwa kapena zidebe zokhazikika mofanana mozungulira mozungulira mozungulira zonse zogwiriziridwa pa shaft yopingasa ndi mphamvu yamadzi oyenda pansi pake kukankhira gudumu molunjika motsutsana ndi masamba. .
Mawilo amadzi oyimirirawa anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa momwe amapangidwira kale magudumu amadzi opingasa ndi Agiriki akale ndi Aigupto, chifukwa amatha kugwira ntchito bwino kumasulira mayendedwe amadzi oyenda kukhala mphamvu.Ma pulleys ndi gearing adalumikizidwa ku gudumu lamadzi lomwe limalola kusintha kwa tsinde lozungulira kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumtunda kuti agwiritse ntchito mphero, matabwa, kuphwanya miyala, kupondaponda ndi kudula etc.
Mitundu Yamapangidwe a Wheel Yamadzi
Mawilo ambiri a Waterwheel omwe amadziwikanso kuti Watermills kapena ma Wheel chabe amadzi, ndi mawilo okwera molunjika omwe amazungulira pa axle yopingasa, ndipo mitundu iyi ya magudumu amayikidwa m'magulu momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito pa gudumu, poyerekeza ndi gudumu.Monga momwe mungayembekezere, magudumu amadzi ndi makina akuluakulu omwe amayenda mothamanga kwambiri, ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mikangano komanso kusakwanira kwa zidebe, ndi zina zotero.
Zochita zamadzi zomwe zimakankhira mawilo zidebe kapena zopalasa zimapanga torque pa ekseli koma kutsogolera madzi pazitsulozi ndi zidebe kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana pa gudumu liwiro la kasinthasintha ndi mphamvu zake zikhoza kusintha.Mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ya mapangidwe amadzi ndi "undershot waterwheel" ndi "overshot waterwheel".
Undershot Water Wheel Design
The Undershot Water Wheel Design, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "wheel wheel" inali mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Agiriki ndi Aroma akale chifukwa ndi mtundu wosavuta, wotsika mtengo komanso wosavuta kupanga.
Mu mtundu uwu wa mapangidwe amadzi, gudumulo limangoyikidwa mwachindunji mumtsinje wothamanga kwambiri ndikuthandizidwa kuchokera pamwamba.Kuyenda kwa madzi m'munsimu kumapangitsa kukankhira zitsulo zokhala pansi pamadzi zomwe zili m'munsi mwa gudumu zomwe zimalola kuti azizungulira kumbali imodzi yokha yokhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka madzi.
Mapangidwe amtundu woterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo athyathyathya opanda malo otsetsereka a nthaka kapena kumene madzi akuyenda mofulumira.Poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe ena a magudumu amadzi, mapangidwe amtunduwu ndi operewera kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi 20% ya mphamvu yamadzi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozungulira gudumu.Komanso mphamvu yamadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha kutembenuza gudumu, kenaka imachoka ndi madzi ena onse.
Kuipa kwina kwa gudumu lamadzi la undershot ndikuti pamafunika madzi ochulukirapo akuyenda mwachangu.Choncho, magudumu amadzi ocheperako amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje chifukwa mitsinje yaying'ono kapena mitsinje ilibe mphamvu zokwanira m'madzi oyenda.
Njira imodzi yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu ya gudumu lamadzi la undershot ndikupatutsa pang'ono kuchoka pamadzi mumtsinje munjira yopapatiza kuti 100% ya madzi opatutsidwa agwiritsidwe ntchito pozungulira gudumu.Kuti izi zitheke, gudumu lolowera pansi liyenera kukhala locheperako komanso lokwanira bwino mkati mwa ngalandeyo kuti madzi asathawe mozungulira mbali zonse kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kapena kukula kwa zopalasa.
Overshot Waterwheel Design
The Overshot Water Wheel Design ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa mapangidwe amadzi.The overshot waterwheel ndi yovuta kwambiri pomanga ndi mapangidwe ake kuposa kale undershot waterwheel monga amagwiritsa ndowa kapena zipinda zing'onozing'ono kuti onse kugwira ndi kusunga madzi.
Zidebe zimenezi zimadzaza ndi madzi oyenda pamwamba pa gudumu.Kulemera kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi mu zidebe zodzaza kumapangitsa kuti gudumu lizizungulira mozungulira ngati zidebe zopanda kanthu kumbali ina ya gudumu zimakhala zopepuka.
Mtundu uwu wa gudumu lamadzi umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka kuti upititse patsogolo kutulutsa komanso madzi omwewo, motero magudumu amadzi opitilira muyeso amakhala opambana kuposa mapangidwe apansi panthaka monga pafupifupi madzi onse ndi kulemera kwake akugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mphamvu zotulutsa.Komabe, monga kale, mphamvu yamadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha kutembenuza gudumu, kenako imachoka ndi madzi ena onse.
Mawilo amadzi ochulukirapo amaimitsidwa pamwamba pa mtsinje kapena mtsinje ndipo nthawi zambiri amamangidwa m'mbali mwa mapiri omwe amapereka madzi kuchokera pamwamba ndi mutu wochepa (mtunda wokhazikika pakati pa madzi pamwamba ndi mtsinje kapena mtsinje pansi) pakati pa 5-to. -20 metres.Damu laling'ono kapena weir likhoza kumangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa njira zonse ziwiri ndikuwonjezera liwiro la madzi pamwamba pa gudumu ndikuwapatsa mphamvu zambiri koma ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'malo mwa liwiro lake lomwe limathandiza kuzungulira gudumu.
Nthawi zambiri, mawilo amadzi opitilira muyeso amapangidwa mokulira momwe angathere kuti apereke mtunda wokwanira wamutu kuti mphamvu yokoka yamadzi izungulire gudumu.Komabe, magudumu akulu akulu amadzi ndi ovuta komanso okwera mtengo kupanga chifukwa cha kulemera kwa gudumu ndi madzi.
Zidebezo zikadzazidwa ndi madzi, mphamvu yokoka ya madzi imapangitsa kuti gudumu lizizungulira kumene madzi akupita.Pamene ngodya yozungulira ikuyandikira pansi pa gudumu, madzi omwe ali mkati mwa ndowa amathamangira mumtsinje kapena mtsinje pansi, koma kulemera kwa zidebe zomwe zimazungulira kumbuyo kwake kumapangitsa kuti gudumu lipitirire ndi liwiro lake lozungulira.Chidebe chopanda kanthu chimapitirira kuzungulira gudumu lozungulira mpaka libwererenso pamwamba kachiwiri kukonzekera kudzazidwa ndi madzi ambiri ndipo kuzungulira kumabwereza.Chimodzi mwazovuta za kapangidwe ka magudumu amadzi opitilira muyeso ndikuti madzi amangogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pomwe amayenda pa gudumu.
Mapangidwe a Pitchback Waterwheel
Mapangidwe a Pitchback Water Wheel ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa gudumu lamadzi lapitalo lomwe limagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu yokoka yamadzi kuti lithandizire kuzungulira gudumu, komanso limagwiritsa ntchito kutuluka kwa madzi otayira pansi pake kuti aperekenso mphamvu yowonjezera.Mapangidwe amtunduwu amagwiritsira ntchito kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kamapereka madzi pafupi ndi gudumu kuchokera pamwamba pa gudumu.
Mosiyana ndi gudumu lamadzi lomwe limayendetsa madzi molunjika pamwamba pa gudumu lomwe limapangitsa kuti lizizungulira momwe madzi amayendera, pitchback waterwheel imadyetsa madziwo molunjika kutsika kudzera mumsewu ndi kulowa mumtsuko womwe uli pansipa kupangitsa kuti gudumulo lizizungulira mosiyana. njira yopita kumayendedwe amadzi pamwamba.
Mofanana ndi gudumu lamadzi lomwe linali litadutsa kale, mphamvu yokoka ya madzi mu ndowa imapangitsa kuti gudumu lizizungulira koma mopanda kulunjika.Pamene mbali yozungulira ikuyandikira pansi pa gudumu, madzi omwe ali mkati mwa ndowa amatuluka pansi.Pamene chidebe chopanda kanthu chimamangiriridwa ku gudumu, chimapitirizabe kuzungulira ndi gudumu monga kale mpaka kubwereranso pamwamba kachiwiri kukonzekera kudzazidwa ndi madzi ambiri ndipo kuzungulira kumabwereza.
Kusiyanitsa nthawi ino ndikuti madzi otayira omwe amachotsedwa mumtsuko wozungulira amapita kutali ndi gudumu lozungulira (popeza alibe kwina kulikonse koti apite), mofanana ndi mutu wa undershot waterwheel.Choncho ubwino waukulu wa pitchback waterwheel ndi kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya madzi kawiri, kamodzi kuchokera pamwamba ndi kamodzi kuchokera pansi kuti azungulire gudumu mozungulira nsonga yake yapakati.
Zotsatira zake ndikuti mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka gudumu lamadzi imachulukitsidwa kwambiri mpaka kupitilira 80% ya mphamvu yamadzi chifukwa imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka yamadzi omwe akubwera komanso mphamvu kapena kuthamanga kwamadzi komwe kumalowetsedwa mu ndowa kuchokera pamwamba, monga. komanso kutuluka kwa madzi otayidwa pansi akukankhira zidebe.Kuyipa kwake ngakhale kwa pitchback waterwheel ndikuti imafunikira dongosolo lamadzi lovuta pang'ono pamwamba pa gudumu lomwe lili ndi chute ndi pentroughs.
Mapangidwe a Breastshot Waterwheel
Breastshot Water Wheel Design ndi kamangidwe kena kamene kamakwera madzi komwe madzi amalowa m'zidebe pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa axle, kapena pamwamba pake, kenako amatuluka pansi kulowera komwe magudumu amazungulira.Nthawi zambiri, chestshot waterwheel imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mutu wamadzi sunali wokwanira kupatsa mphamvu mawotchi opitilira muyeso kapena pitchback waterwheel kuchokera pamwamba.
Choyipa apa ndikuti kulemera kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a kasinthasintha kusiyana ndi kale lomwe linali la theka la kuzungulira.Kuti athane ndi kutalika kwamutu uku, ndowa zamadzi amapangidwa mokulirapo kuti achotse kuchuluka kwamphamvu komwe kungathe m'madzi.
Breastshot waterwheels amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka yofanana ya madzi kuti azungulire gudumu koma monga kutalika kwa mutu wamadzi kuli pafupi theka la gudumu lamadzi lamadzi, zidebe ndizokulirapo kuposa mapangidwe am'mbuyomu amadzi kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa madzi. kugwidwa mu ndowa.Kuipa kwa mapangidwe amtunduwu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa m'lifupi ndi kulemera kwa madzi akunyamulidwa ndi ndowa iliyonse.Mofanana ndi mapangidwe a pitchback, gudumu la pachifuwa limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzi kawiri pamene gudumu lamadzi limapangidwira kuti likhale m'madzi kuti madzi awonongeke kuti athandize kuzungulira kwa gudumu pamene akuyenda pansi pamtsinje.
Pangani Magetsi Pogwiritsa Ntchito Waterwheel
Kale mawilo amadzi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popera ufa, chimanga ndi ntchito zina zamakanika.Koma mawilo amadzi amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi, otchedwa Hydro Power system.Mwa kulumikiza jenereta yamagetsi ku shaft yozungulira yamadzi, mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika pogwiritsa ntchito malamba oyendetsa ndi ma pulleys, magudumu amadzi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mphamvu mosalekeza maola 24 patsiku mosiyana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa.Ngati gudumu lamadzi lapangidwa bwino, kachipangizo kakang'ono kapena "micro" kamagetsi kamene kamatha kutulutsa magetsi okwanira kuti aziwunikira komanso / kapena zida zamagetsi mnyumba wamba.
Yang'anani Ma wheel wheel Generator opangidwa kuti azitulutsa bwino kwambiri pa liwiro lotsika.Pazinthu zazing'ono, injini yaying'ono ya DC imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati jenereta yothamanga kwambiri kapena chosinthira magalimoto koma amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri kotero kuti giya ina ingafunike.Jenereta ya turbine yamphepo imapanga jenereta yabwino kwambiri yamadzi momwe idapangidwira kuti ikhale yothamanga kwambiri, yothamanga kwambiri.
Ngati pali mtsinje wothamanga kwambiri kapena mtsinje pafupi ndi nyumba yanu kapena munda umene mungagwiritse ntchito, ndiye kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ya hydro yaing'ono ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino yopangira mphamvu zowonjezera monga "Wind Energy" kapena "Solar Energy". ” popeza ili ndi mawonekedwe ochepa kwambiri.Komanso monga mphamvu yamphepo ndi dzuwa, yokhala ndi makina opangira magetsi olumikizidwa ndi gridi yaying'ono yolumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi, magetsi aliwonse omwe mumapanga koma osagwiritsa ntchito amatha kugulitsidwanso kukampani yamagetsi.
Mu phunziro lotsatira la Hydro Energy, tiwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma turbines omwe alipo omwe tingawaphatikize pamapangidwe athu amagudumu amadzi opangira mphamvu zamagetsi.Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Waterwheel Design ndi momwe mungapangire magetsi anu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzi, kapena kupeza zambiri zamphamvu za hydro za mapangidwe osiyanasiyana amtundu wamadzi omwe alipo, kapena kuti muwone ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mphamvu ya hydro, ndiye Dinani Pano kuti mukonze buku lanu. kuchokera ku Amazon lero za mfundo ndi kumanga mawilo amadzi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira magetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-25-2021
