Kapangidwe ka Waterwheel ya Hydro Energy
Chizindikiro cha mphamvu yamadzi Mphamvu yamadzi ndi ukadaulo womwe umasintha mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka madzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina kapena yamagetsi, ndipo chimodzi mwa zida zoyambirira zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha mphamvu ya madzi osuntha kukhala ntchito yogwiritsidwa ntchito chinali Waterwheel Design.
Kapangidwe ka mawilo amadzi kasintha pakapita nthawi ndi mawilo ena amadzi olunjika molunjika, ena molunjika ndipo ena okhala ndi ma pulley ndi magiya opangidwa bwino, koma onse apangidwa kuti agwire ntchito yomweyo ndipo izi ndizonso, "kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi oyenda kukhala kayendedwe kozungulira komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyendetsa makina aliwonse olumikizidwa nawo kudzera mu shaft yozungulira".
Kapangidwe ka Waterwheel Wamba
Kapangidwe ka Mawilo Oyendera Madzi Poyamba kanali makina akale komanso osavuta okhala ndi gudumu loyima lamatabwa lokhala ndi masamba amatabwa kapena zidebe zomangidwa mofanana mozungulira kuzungulira kwawo zonse zothandizidwa pa shaft yopingasa ndi mphamvu ya madzi akuyenda pansi pake akukankhira gudumulo molunjika motsutsana ndi masambawo.
Mawilo oyenda pansi oimirirawa anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa kapangidwe ka mawilo oyenda pansi koyambirira ka Agiriki ndi Aigupto akale, chifukwa ankatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri potembenuza mphamvu ya madzi oyenda kukhala amphamvu. Kenako ma pulley ndi ma gearing ankamangiriridwa ku gilo loyenda pansi lomwe limalola kusintha kwa shaft yozungulira kuchokera yopingasa kupita yopingasa kuti agwiritse ntchito miyala ya mphero, matabwa odulira, kuphwanya miyala, kupondaponda ndi kudula ndi zina zotero.
Mitundu ya Kapangidwe ka Mawilo a Madzi
Ma Waterwheel ambiri omwe amadziwikanso kuti Watermills kapena kuti Water Wheels, ndi mawilo okhazikika molunjika omwe amazungulira mozungulira ekseli yopingasa, ndipo mitundu iyi ya ma waterwheel imagawidwa malinga ndi momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito pa gudumu, poyerekeza ndi ekseli ya gudumu. Monga momwe mungayembekezere, ma waterwheel ndi makina akuluakulu omwe amazungulira pa liwiro lotsika, ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa, chifukwa cha kutayika chifukwa cha kukangana ndi kudzaza mabaketi mokwanira, ndi zina zotero.
Kachitidwe ka madzi kukankhira mawilo ndi zidebe kapena ma paddles kamapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya mawilo ikwere koma powatsogolera madziwo pa ma paddles ndi zidebezi kuchokera m'malo osiyanasiyana pa gudumu, liwiro la kuzungulira ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwake zitha kuwongoleredwa. Mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ya kapangidwe ka mawilo ndi "mawilo amadzi otsetsereka pansi" ndi "mawilo amadzi otsetsereka pamwamba".
Kapangidwe ka Mawilo a Madzi a Pansi pa Mthunzi
Kapangidwe ka Mawilo Oyendera Madzi a Undershot, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti "wilo la m'mphepete mwa madzi" kanali mtundu wa gudumu loyendera madzi lomwe linkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Agiriki ndi Aroma akale chifukwa ndi mtundu wosavuta, wotsika mtengo komanso wosavuta kupanga.
Mu mtundu uwu wa mawilo oyendera madzi, gudumulo limangoyikidwa mwachindunji mumtsinje woyenda mofulumira ndipo limathandizidwa kuchokera pamwamba. Kuyenda kwa madzi omwe ali pansi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kukankhira mapilo omira pansi pa gudumulo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lizizungulira mbali imodzi yokha poyerekeza ndi komwe madzi akuyenda.
Kapangidwe ka mtundu uwu wa gudumu lamadzi nthawi zambiri kamagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otsetsereka opanda malo otsetsereka achilengedwe kapena komwe madzi akuyenda mofulumira mokwanira. Poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe ena a gudumu lamadzi, kapangidwe kamtunduwu sikagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo mphamvu zochepa za madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira gudumulo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Komanso mphamvu ya madzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha pozungulira gudumulo, kenako imatuluka ndi madzi ena onse.
Vuto lina la gudumu lamadzi loyenda pansi pa mtsinje ndilakuti limafuna madzi ambiri oyenda mofulumira. Chifukwa chake, magudumu amadzi oyenda pansi pa mtsinje nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje chifukwa mitsinje yaying'ono kapena mitsinje siili ndi mphamvu zokwanira m'madzi oyenda.
Njira imodzi yowonjezerera mphamvu ya gudumu lamadzi loyenda pansi pa mtsinje ndikusintha pang'ono kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe ali mumtsinjewo kudzera mu ngalande yopapatiza kapena njira yopapatiza kuti madzi oyenda pansi pa mtsinjewo agwiritsidwe ntchito kuzungulira gudumulo. Kuti izi zitheke, gudumu loyenda pansi pa mtsinjewo liyenera kukhala lopapatiza ndikukhala lolondola kwambiri mkati mwa ngalandeyo kuti madzi asatuluke m'mbali kapena powonjezera kuchuluka kapena kukula kwa ma paddle.
Kapangidwe ka Overshot Waterwheel
Kapangidwe ka Overshot Water Wheel ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino wa kapangidwe ka waterwheel. Overshot waterwheel ndi yovuta kwambiri pakupanga ndi kapangidwe kake kuposa waterwheel wakale chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito zidebe kapena zipinda zazing'ono kuti igwire ndikusunga madzi.
Mabaketi amenewa amadzaza ndi madzi oyenda pamwamba pa gudumu. Kulemera kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi omwe ali m'mabaketi odzaza kumapangitsa kuti gudumu lizizungulira mozungulira pakati pake pamene mabaketi opanda kanthu omwe ali mbali ina ya gudumu akukhala opepuka.
Mtundu uwu wa gudumu lamadzi umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka kuti uwonjezere kutulutsa kwa madzi komanso madzi enieniwo, motero magudumu amadzi opitilira muyeso ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa mapangidwe apansi pa nthaka chifukwa pafupifupi madzi onse ndi kulemera kwake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu yotulutsa. Komabe monga kale, mphamvu ya madzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha kuzungulira gudumu, kenako imatuluka ndi madzi ena onse.
Mawilo ozungulira madzi amapachikidwa pamwamba pa mtsinje kapena mtsinje ndipo nthawi zambiri amamangidwa m'mbali mwa mapiri kuti madzi atuluke pamwamba ndi mutu wochepa (mtunda woyima pakati pa madzi pamwamba ndi mtsinje kapena mtsinje pansi) wa pakati pa mamita 5 mpaka 20. Damu laling'ono kapena denga la madzi lingapangidwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndikuwonjezera liwiro la madzi kupita pamwamba pa gudumu kuti liwapatse mphamvu zambiri koma kuchuluka kwa madzi m'malo mwa liwiro lake ndiko kumathandiza kuzungulira gudumu.
Kawirikawiri, mawilo ozungulira madzi amapangidwa ndi mawilo akuluakulu momwe angathere kuti apereke mtunda waukulu kwambiri kuti kulemera kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi kuzungulire gudumu. Komabe, mawilo ozungulira madzi akuluakulu ndi ovuta komanso okwera mtengo kupanga chifukwa cha kulemera kwa gudumu ndi madzi.
Zidebe zikadzaza ndi madzi, kulemera kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi kumapangitsa kuti gudumu lizizungulira motsatira kayendedwe ka madzi. Pamene ngodya yozungulira ikuyandikira pansi pa gudumu, madzi omwe ali mkati mwa chidebecho amathira mumtsinje kapena mtsinje womwe uli pansi pake, koma kulemera kwa zidebe zomwe zikuzungulira kumbuyo kwake kumapangitsa kuti gudumu lizipitirira ndi liwiro lake lozungulira. Chidebe chopanda kanthucho chimapitirira mozungulira gudumu lozungulira mpaka litabwerera pamwamba kachiwiri okonzeka kudzazidwa ndi madzi ambiri ndipo kuzungulirako kumabwerezabwereza. Chimodzi mwa zoyipa za kapangidwe ka gudumu lamadzi lopitirira muyeso ndichakuti madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha pamene akuyenda pamwamba pa gudumu.
Kapangidwe ka Pitchback Waterwheel
Kapangidwe ka Pitchback Water Wheel Design ndi kosiyana ndi ka waterwheel yakale yomwe inali ndi overshot chifukwa imagwiritsanso ntchito kulemera kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi kuti ithandize kuzungulira gudumu, komanso imagwiritsanso ntchito kuyenda kwa madzi otayika pansi pake kuti ikankhire kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka mtundu uwu wa waterwheel kamagwiritsa ntchito njira yolowera pansi yomwe imapereka madzi pafupi ndi pamwamba pa gudumu kuchokera ku pentrough pamwambapa.
Mosiyana ndi gudumu lamadzi lozungulira lomwe linkayendetsa madzi mwachindunji pamwamba pa gudumulo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azungulire molunjika komwe madzi akuyenda, gudumu lamadzi lozungulira limadyetsa madzi molunjika pansi kudzera mu funnel ndikulowa mu chidebe chomwe chili pansi pake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gudumulo lizungulire mosiyana ndi momwe madzi akutuluka pamwamba pake.
Monga momwe zinalili kale ndi gudumu lamadzi lopitirira muyeso, kulemera kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi m'mabaketi kumapangitsa kuti gudumu lizizungulira koma mosiyana ndi wotchi. Pamene ngodya yozungulira ikuyandikira pansi pa gudumu, madzi omwe ali mkati mwa mabaketiwo amatuluka pansi. Pamene chidebe chopanda kanthu chilumikizidwa ku gudumu, chimapitiriza kuzungulira ndi gudumu monga kale mpaka litabwerera pamwamba kachiwiri okonzeka kudzazidwa ndi madzi ambiri ndipo kuzungulirako kumabwerezabwereza.
Kusiyana kwake nthawi ino ndikuti madzi otayira omwe amatuluka mu chidebe chozungulira amatuluka kupita ku gudumu lozungulira (popeza alibe kwina koti apite), mofanana ndi chitoliro chachikulu cha gudumu lamadzi lotsika. Chifukwa chake ubwino waukulu wa gudumu lamadzi lotsika ndi wakuti limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya madzi kawiri, kamodzi kuchokera pamwamba ndi kamodzi kuchokera pansi kuzungulira gudumu mozungulira mzere wake wapakati.
Zotsatira zake n'zakuti mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka gudumu lamadzi imawonjezeka kwambiri kufika pa 80% ya mphamvu yamadzi chifukwa imayendetsedwa ndi kulemera kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi omwe akubwera komanso mphamvu kapena kupanikizika kwa madzi omwe amalowa m'zidebe kuchokera pamwamba, komanso kuyenda kwa madzi otayika omwe ali pansi akukankhira zidebezo. Komabe, vuto la gudumu lamadzi lozungulira ndilakuti limafuna njira yovuta yopezera madzi pamwamba pa gudumu lomwe lili ndi ma chutes ndi pentroughs.
Kapangidwe ka Breastshot Waterwheel
Kapangidwe ka Mawilo a Madzi a Breastshot ndi kapangidwe kena ka mawilo amadzi koyima komwe madzi amalowa m'mabaketi pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa axle, kapena pamwamba pake pang'ono, kenako n’kutuluka pansi molunjika ku mawilo ozungulira. Kawirikawiri, mawilo amadzi a breastshot amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mikhalidwe yomwe mutu wa madzi sukwanira kupatsa mphamvu kapangidwe ka mawilo amadzi opitilira muyeso kapena ozungulira kuchokera pamwamba.
Vuto apa ndilakuti kulemera kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi kotala la kuzungulira mosiyana ndi kale lomwe linali theka la kuzungulira. Kuti athetse kutalika kochepa kwa mutu, zidebe za mawilo amadzi zimapangidwa kuti zitulutse mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuchokera m'madzi.
Mawilo amadzi otchedwa Breastshot amagwiritsa ntchito kulemera kofanana kwa mphamvu yokoka kwa madzi pozungulira gudumu koma popeza kutalika kwa mutu wa madzi kuli pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa gudumu lamadzi lodziwika bwino, zidebezo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa mapangidwe am'mbuyomu a mawilo amadzi kuti ziwonjezere kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwidwa m'zidebezo. Vuto la kapangidwe kamtunduwu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa m'lifupi ndi kulemera kwa madzi omwe amanyamulidwa ndi chidebe chilichonse. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kapangidwe ka pitchback, gudumu la breastshot limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya madzi kawiri kuposa gudumu lamadzi lomwe limapangidwira kukhala m'madzi zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi otayira azithandiza kuzungulira gudumu pamene likuyenda pansi pa madzi.
Kupanga Magetsi Pogwiritsa Ntchito Chingwe Choyendera Madzi
M'mbuyomu mawilo amadzi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popera ufa, chimanga ndi ntchito zina zamakina. Koma mawilo amadzi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga magetsi, otchedwa Hydro Power system. Mwa kulumikiza jenereta yamagetsi ku shaft yozungulira mawilo amadzi, kaya mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina pogwiritsa ntchito malamba oyendetsera ndi ma pulley, mawilo amadzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga magetsi mosalekeza maola 24 patsiku mosiyana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa. Ngati gudumu lamadzi lapangidwa bwino, makina ang'onoang'ono kapena "ang'onoang'ono" amagetsi amatha kupanga magetsi okwanira kuyatsa magetsi ndi/kapena zida zamagetsi m'nyumba wamba.
Yang'anani Majenereta a Mawilo a Madzi opangidwa kuti apange mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri pa liwiro lotsika. Pa mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono, mota yaying'ono ya DC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati jenereta ya liwiro lotsika kapena chosinthira magalimoto koma izi zimapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito pa liwiro lokwera kwambiri kotero njira ina yolumikizira ingafunike. Jenereta ya turbine ya mphepo imapanga jenereta yabwino kwambiri ya mawilo amadzi chifukwa idapangidwira ntchito yothamanga pang'ono komanso yotulutsa mphamvu zambiri.
Ngati pali mtsinje kapena mtsinje woyenda mofulumira pafupi ndi nyumba yanu kapena munda wanu womwe mungagwiritse ntchito, ndiye kuti makina ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi akhoza kukhala njira ina yabwino m'malo mwa mitundu ina ya mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso monga "Mphepo" kapena "Mphamvu ya Dzuwa" chifukwa sakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe. Komanso monga mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa, yokhala ndi makina opangira madzi ang'onoang'ono olumikizidwa ndi gridi yolumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi yakomweko, magetsi aliwonse omwe mumapanga koma simugwiritsa ntchito akhoza kugulitsidwanso ku kampani yamagetsi.
Mu phunziro lotsatira lokhudza Hydro Energy, tiwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma turbine omwe alipo omwe tingawagwirizanitse ndi kapangidwe kathu ka mawilo amadzi kuti apange magetsi amadzi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Waterwheel Design ndi momwe mungapangire magetsi anu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya madzi, kapena kupeza zambiri zokhudza mphamvu yamadzi yokhudza mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a mawilo amadzi omwe alipo, kapena kufufuza zabwino ndi zoyipa za mphamvu yamadzi, dinani Apa kuti muyitanitse buku lanu kuchokera ku Amazon lero lonena za mfundo ndi kapangidwe ka mawilo amadzi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga magetsi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-25-2021
