Umklamo Wamasondo Amanzi Wamandla E-Hydro
Isithonjana samandla e-hydro Amandla e-hydro ubuchwepheshe obuguqula amandla e-kinetic amanzi ahambayo abe amandla omshini noma kagesi, futhi enye yamadivayisi okuqala asetshenziswa ukuguqula amandla amanzi ahambayo abe umsebenzi osebenzisekayo kwakuyi-Waterwheel Design.
Umklamo wamasondo amanzi uye wathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngamasondo amanzi aqondiswe phezulu, amanye aqonde phezulu kanti amanye anama-pulley namagiya ahlanganisiwe, kodwa wonke aklanyelwe ukwenza umsebenzi ofanayo futhi lokho kusho ukuthi, “aguqula ukunyakaza okuqondile kwamanzi ahambayo abe ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okungasetshenziswa ukushayela noma yimuphi umshini oxhunywe kuwo ngomshane ojikelezayo”.
Umklamo Ojwayelekile Wesondo Lamanzi
I-Waterwheel Design yasekuqaleni yayiyimishini yakudala futhi elula eyayinesondo lokhuni eliqondile elinama-blade noma amabhakede okhuni aqiniswe ngokulinganayo nxazonke zawo wonke asekelwe emgodleni ovundlile ngamandla amanzi ageleza ngaphansi kwawo esunduza isondo ngendlela eqondile ngokumelene nama-blade.
Lawa masondo amanzi aqondile ayengcono kakhulu kunomklamo wangaphambili wamasondo amanzi aqondile ngamaGreki namaGibhithe asendulo, ngoba ayengasebenza kahle kakhulu ekuguquleni umfutho wamanzi ahambayo abe amandla. Ama-pulleys kanye negiya kwabe sekunamatheliswa kusondo lamanzi okwakuvumela ushintsho endleleni yomgodi ojikelezayo ukusuka ovundlile kuya ovundlile ukuze kusetshenziswe amatshe okugaya, izinkuni zokusika, insimbi echotshoziwe, ukunyathela kanye nokusika njll.
Izinhlobo Zomklamo Wamasondo Amanzi
Ama-Waterwheel amaningi aziwa nangokuthi ama-Watermills noma ama-Water Wheels, angamasondo afakwe ngokuqondile ajikeleza i-axle evundlile, futhi lolu hlobo lwama-waterwheel luhlukaniswa ngendlela amanzi asetshenziswa ngayo esondweni, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-axle yesondo. Njengoba ungalindela, ama-waterwheel ayimishini emikhulu ejikeleza ngesivinini esiphansi se-angular, futhi asebenza kahle kancane, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana kanye nokugcwaliswa okungaphelele kwamabhakede, njll.
Isenzo samanzi asunduza amabhakede noma ama-paddle sakha i-torque ku-axle kodwa ngokuqondisa amanzi kula ma-paddle namabhakede ezindaweni ezahlukene esondweni ijubane lokujikeleza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwawo kungathuthukiswa. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zomklamo wama-waterwheel yi-"undershot waterwheel" kanye ne-"overshot waterwheel".
Umklamo Wamasondo Angaphansi Kwesithombe Samanzi
I-Undershot Water Wheel Design, eyaziwa nangokuthi “isondo lomfudlana” yayiwuhlobo lwesondo lamanzi olusetshenziswa kakhulu olwaklanywa amaGreki namaRoma asendulo njengoba luwuhlobo lwesondo olulula, olushibhile futhi olulula kakhulu ukwakhiwa.
Kulolu hlobo lomklamo wesondo lamanzi, isondo lifakwa ngqo emfuleni ogeleza ngokushesha futhi lisekelwe phezulu. Ukunyakaza kwamanzi angaphansi kudala isenzo sokusunduza ngokumelene nama-paddle angaphansi kwengxenye engezansi yesondo okuvumela ukuthi lijikeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi.
Lolu hlobo lomklamo wamasondo amanzi luvame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyisicaba ezingenawo umthambeka wemvelo wezwe noma lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kuhamba khona ngokushesha. Uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imiklamo yamasondo amanzi, lolu hlobo lomklamo alusebenzi kahle, njengoba kusetshenziswe amandla amancane angaphansi kuka-20% wamanzi ukuzungezisa isondo. Futhi amandla amanzi asetshenziswa kanye kuphela ukuzungezisa isondo, ngemva kwalokho ageleza kanye namanye amanzi.
Okunye okubi ngesondo lamanzi elingaphansi komgodi ukuthi lidinga amanzi amaningi ahamba ngesivinini. Ngakho-ke, amasondo amanzi angaphansi komgodi avame ukuba seceleni kwemifula njengoba imifudlana noma imifudlana emincane ingenawo amandla anele emanzini ahambayo.
Enye indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesondo lamanzi elingaphansi kwe-undershot ukuphambukisa iphesenti emanzini asemfuleni eceleni komsele omncane noma ipayipi ukuze amanzi ajikeleziswe angu-100% asetshenziswe ukuzungeza isondo. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu isondo elingaphansi kwe-undershot kufanele libe lincane futhi lilingane kahle ngaphakathi komsele ukuvimbela amanzi ukuba angaphumi ezinhlangothini noma ngokwandisa inani noma usayizi wama-paddle.
Umklamo we-Overshot Waterwheel
I-Overshot Water Wheel Design iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomklamo we-waterwheel. I-overshot waterwheel iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekuklanyweni kwayo kune-undershot wangaphambili njengoba isebenzisa amabhakede noma izingxenye ezincane ukuze ibambe futhi ibambe amanzi.
Lawa mabhakede agcwele amanzi ageleza phezulu kwesondo. Isisindo samandla adonsela phansi samanzi asemabhakedeni agcwele senza isondo lijikeleze i-axis yalo ephakathi njengoba amabhakede angenalutho ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesondo eba lula.
Lolu hlobo lwesondo lamanzi lusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi ukuze luthuthukise ukuphuma kanye namanzi uqobo, ngakho-ke amasondo amanzi adlulayo asebenza kahle kakhulu kunemiklamo engaphansi kwesithombe njengoba cishe wonke amanzi kanye nesisindo sawo kusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla okukhipha. Kodwa-ke njengakuqala, amandla amanzi asetshenziswa kanye kuphela ukuzungeza isondo, ngemva kwalokho ageleza kanye namanye amanzi.
Amasondo amanzi angaphezulu alengiswe ngaphezu komfula noma umfudlana futhi ngokuvamile akhiwe ezinhlangothini zamagquma ahlinzeka ngamanzi avela phezulu kanye nenhloko ephansi (ibanga eliqondile phakathi kwamanzi phezulu nomfula noma umfudlana ongezansi) eliphakathi kwamamitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-20. Idamu elincane noma i-weir lingakhiwa futhi lisetshenziswe kokubili ukuhambisa amanzi nokwandisa isivinini samanzi ukuya phezulu kwesondo okulinika amandla engeziwe kodwa umthamo wamanzi kunokuba ijubane lawo elisiza ukuzungeza isondo.
Ngokuvamile, amasondo amanzi angaphezulu akhiwe makhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze anikeze ibanga elikhulu kakhulu lekhanda ukuze isisindo samandla adonsela phansi samanzi sijikeleze isondo. Kodwa-ke, amasondo amanzi amakhulu anobubanzi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ayabiza kakhulu ukuwakha ngenxa yesisindo sesondo namanzi.
Uma amabhakede ngamanye egcwala amanzi, isisindo samandla adonsela phansi samanzi senza isondo lijikeleze ngendlela amanzi ageleza ngayo. Njengoba i-engeli yokujikeleza isondela phansi kwesondo, amanzi angaphakathi kwebhakede athululela emfuleni noma emfuleni ongezansi, kodwa isisindo samabhakede ajikelezayo ngemuva kwalo senza isondo liqhubeke nesivinini salo sokujikeleza. Ibhakede elingenalutho liyaqhubeka lizungeze isondo elijikelezayo lize libuyele phezulu futhi lilungele ukugcwaliswa ngamanzi amaningi futhi umjikelezo uyaphinda. Enye yezinto ezimbi zomklamo wesondo lamanzi elingaphezulu ukuthi amanzi asetshenziswa kanye kuphela njengoba egeleza phezu kwesondo.
Umklamo we-Pitchback Waterwheel
I-Pitchback Water Wheel Design iyinhlobonhlobo ye-waterwheel yangaphambili ebekwe ngaphezulu njengoba isebenzisa nesisindo samandla adonsela phansi samanzi ukusiza ukuzungezisa isondo, kodwa futhi isebenzisa ukugeleza kwamanzi angcolile angaphansi kwalo ukuze inikeze ukusunduza okwengeziwe. Lolu hlobo lomklamo we-waterwheel lusebenzisa uhlelo lokungenisa amanzi oluphansi oluhlinzeka ngamanzi eduze kwesondo kusukela endaweni evulekile ngaphezulu.
Ngokungafani nesondo lamanzi elihamba phambili elaliqondisa amanzi ngqo phezu kwesondo okwenza ukuthi ajikeleze ngendlela amanzi ageleza ngayo, isondo lamanzi elihamba emuva liphakela amanzi phansi nge-funnel bese lingena ebhakedeni elingezansi okwenza isondo lijikeleze ngendlela ephambene nokugeleza kwamanzi angaphezulu.
Njengoba nje isondo lamanzi elalingaphezulu komugqa wangaphambili, isisindo samandla adonsela phansi samanzi asemabhakedeni sibangela ukuthi isondo lijikeleze kodwa ngendlela ephambene newashi. Njengoba i-engeli yokujikeleza isondela phansi kwesondo, amanzi avaleleke ngaphakathi kwamabhakedeni ayaphuma ngaphansi. Njengoba ibhakede elingenalutho linamathele esondweni, liyaqhubeka lijikeleza nesondo njengakuqala lize libuyele phezulu futhi lilungele ukugcwaliswa ngamanzi engeziwe futhi umjikelezo uyaphinda.
Umehluko kulokhu ukuthi amanzi angcolile aphuma ebhakedeni elijikelezayo ageleza aye ngasesondo elijikelezayo (njengoba lingenandawo yokuya), njenge-principal ye-waterwheel engaphansi komugqa. Ngakho-ke inzuzo enkulu ye-pitchback waterwheel ukuthi isebenzisa amandla amanzi kabili, kanye phezulu kanye nangaphansi ukuze ijikelezise isondo eduze kwe-axis yalo ephakathi.
Umphumela uba ukuthi ukusebenza kahle komklamo we-waterwheel kukhushulwe kakhulu kwaba ngaphezu kuka-80% wamandla amanzi njengoba kuqhutshwa yisisindo samandla adonsela phansi samanzi angenayo kanye namandla noma ingcindezi yamanzi eqondiswa emabhakedeni avela phezulu, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi angcolile angaphansi asunduza amabhakedeni. Kodwa-ke, ububi be-pitchback waterwheel ukuthi idinga ukulungiswa kwamanzi okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane ngaphezu kwesondo ngama-chutes nama-pentroughs.
Umklamo we-Breastshot Waterwheel
I-Breastshot Water Wheel Design ingenye indlela yokwakheka kwe-waterwheel efakwe phezulu lapho amanzi engena khona emabhakedeni cishe phakathi nendawo ukuphakama kwe-axle, noma ngaphezulu kwayo, bese egeleza phansi ngendlela yokujikeleza kwamasondo. Ngokuvamile, i-waterwheel ye-breastshot isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ikhanda lamanzi linganele ukunika amandla umklamo we-waterwheel ye-overshot noma ye-pitchback kusuka phezulu.
Ububi lapha ukuthi isisindo samandla adonsela phansi samanzi sisetshenziswa kuphela cishe ingxenye yesine yokujikeleza ngokungafani nangaphambili okwakuyisigamu sokujikeleza. Ukuze kunqotshwe lokhu kuphakama kwekhanda okuphansi, amabhakede amasondo amanzi enziwa abanzi ukuze kukhishwe inani elidingekayo lamandla angaba khona emanzini.
Amasondo amanzi e-Breastshot asebenzisa cishe isisindo esifanayo samandla adonsela phansi ukuze ajikeleze isondo kodwa njengoba ukuphakama kwekhanda lamanzi kucishe kube yisigamu salokho okuvamile kwesondo lamanzi elingaphezulu, amabhakede abanzi kakhulu kunemiklamo yangaphambili yesondo lamanzi ukuze kwandiswe umthamo wamanzi abanjwe emabhakedeni. Ububi balolu hlobo lomklamo ukwanda kobubanzi nesisindo samanzi athwalwa yibhakede ngalinye. Njengomklamo we-pitchback, isondo le-breastshot lisebenzisa amandla amanzi kabili njengoba isondo lamanzi lenzelwe ukuhlala emanzini okuvumela amanzi angcolile ukuthi asize ekujikelezeni kwesondo njengoba ligeleza liye emfuleni.
Ukukhiqiza Ugesi Usebenzisa I-Waterwheel
Ngokomlando amasondo amanzi abesetshenziswa ekugayeni ufulawa, okusanhlamvu kanye neminye imisebenzi enjalo yemishini. Kodwa amasondo amanzi angasetshenziswa futhi ekukhiqizeni ugesi, obizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-Hydro Power. Ngokuxhuma ijeneretha kagesi kushafti ejikelezayo yamasondo amanzi, kungaba ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile kusetshenziswa amabhande okushayela nama-pulley, amasondo amanzi angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla njalo amahora angama-24 ngosuku ngokungafani namandla elanga. Uma isondo lamanzi laklanywa kahle, uhlelo oluncane noma "oluncane" lwamanzi lungakhiqiza ugesi owanele wokukhanyisa kanye/noma izinto zikagesi ekhaya elivamile.
Funa ama-Water wheel Generator aklanyelwe ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo wawo ongcono kakhulu ngesivinini esiphansi. Kumaphrojekthi amancane, injini encane ye-DC ingasetshenziswa njenge-generator yesivinini esiphansi noma i-alternator yezimoto kodwa lokhu kuklanyelwe ukusebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu ngakho-ke kungadingeka uhlobo oluthile lokufaka igiya. I-wind turbine generator yenza i-waterwheel generator ekahle njengoba yenzelwe ukusebenza ngesivinini esiphansi, ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Uma kukhona umfula noma umfudlana ogeleza ngokushesha eduze kwekhaya lakho noma ingadi ongayisebenzisa, khona-ke uhlelo lwamandla amancane angaphansi kwamanzi lungaba yindlela engcono kunezinye izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo njenge-“Wind Energy” noma “Solar Energy” njengoba lunomthelela omncane kakhulu obonakalayo. Futhi njengamandla omoya kanye nelanga, ngohlelo lokukhiqiza amanzi oluxhunywe kugridi oluxhunywe kugridi yokusetshenziswa yendawo, noma yimuphi ugesi owukhiqizayo kodwa ongawusebenzisi ungathengiswa enkampanini kagesi.
Esifundweni esilandelayo mayelana ne-Hydro Energy, sizobheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-turbine atholakalayo esingawanamathisela ekwakhiweni kwethu kwe-waterwheel ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi ngamanzi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-Waterwheel Design nokuthi ungawukhiqiza kanjani ugesi wakho usebenzisa amandla amanzi, noma uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lwe-hydro energy mayelana nemiklamo ehlukahlukene ye-waterwheel etholakalayo, noma ukuhlola izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwamandla e-hydro energy, chofoza Lapha ukuze u-ode ikhophi yakho ku-Amazon namuhla mayelana nezimiso kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-waterwheel angasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ugesi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-25-2021
