Ki te whakataurite ki te pūkaha tāpoi mamaoa, ko ngā āhuatanga o te pūkaha wai e whai ake nei:
(1) He iti te tere. Nā te kaha o te wai, ko te tere hurihuri he iti iho i te 750 rpm, ā, ko ētahi he tekau noa iho ngā hurihanga ia meneti.
(2) He nui te maha o ngā pou aukume. Nā te mea he iti te tere, kia taea ai te whakaputa i te pūngao hiko 50Hz, me whakanui ake te maha o ngā pou aukume, kia taea ai e te papa aukume o te takai stator tapahi te huri tonu i te 50 ngā wā ia hekona.
(3) He nui te rahi me te taumaha o te hanganga. I tētahi taha, he iti te tere; I tētahi atu taha, mēnā ka tukuna te kawenga o te waeine, kia kore ai e pakaru te paipa maitai i puta mai i te hama wai kaha, me roa te wā kati ohorere o te vane aratohu, engari ka nui rawa te pikinga o te tere o te waeine. Nō reira, me nui te taumaha me te kore e taea te nekeneke o te rotor.
(4) Ko te tuaka poutū te tikanga whānui. Hei whakaiti i te noho whenua me te utu o ngā wheketere, ko ngā kaihanga hiko wai nui me waenga te tikanga whānui, he pou poutū.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā kaihanga hiko wai ki ngā momo poutū me ngā momo whakapae i runga i te rerekētanga o te whakaritenga o ō rātou toki hurihuri: ka taea te wehewehe i ngā kaihanga hiko wai poutū ki ngā momo iri me ngā momo maru i runga i ngā rerekētanga o ngā tūranga o ō rātou peera pana.
(1) Pūwhakarewa Hauwai Whakatārewatia. Kei waenganui, kei runga rānei o te anga o runga o te rotor te peera pana, he pumau te mahi, he watea hoki te tiaki, engari he nui te teitei, ā, he nui te haumitanga ki te tipu.
(2) Pūkaha wai maru. Kei te tinana o waenganui, kei tōna taha whakarunga rānei o te anga o raro o te rotor te whāriki pana. Ko te tikanga, ko ngā pūkaha wai nui me te tere waenga me te tere iti me whakamahi i te momo maru nā te mea he nui te hanganga, kia whakaitihia ai te teitei o te waeine, kia penapenahia ai te maitai, kia whakaitihia ai hoki te haumitanga ki te tipu. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whanakehia te hanganga o te tāutanga o te whāriki pana ki runga i te taupoki o runga o te tāpine wai, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te teitei o te waeine.
2. Ngā wāhanga matua
Ko te nuinga o te hanga o te pūkaha wai he stator, he rotor, he whāriki pana, he whāriki arataki o runga me o raro, he anga o runga me o raro, he taputapu hauhautanga me te whakamatao, he taputapu aukati me te taputapu whakaoho.
(1) Pūmau. He wāhanga tēnei mō te whakaputa hiko, he mea tito mai i te takai, te matua rino me te anga. Nā te mea he tino nui te diameter o te pūmau o ngā whakaputa wai nui me te rahi waenga, ko te tikanga he wāhanga mō te kawe.
(2) Rotora. He wāhanga hurihuri e whakaputa ana i te papa aukume, he mea hanga mai i te tautoko, te mowhiti wira me te pou aukume. Ko te mowhiti wira he wāhanga āhua mowhiti he mea hanga mai i te pereti rino āhua pā. Ka tohatohahia ngā pou aukume ki waho o te mowhiti wira, ā, ka whakamahia te mowhiti wira hei ara mō te papa aukume. Kotahi te aho o te rotor nui me te rahi-waenga ka huihuia ki te papa, kātahi ka whakamahanahia, ka herea ki te pou matua o te whakaputa hiko. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakawhanakehia te hanganga kore pou rotor, arā, ko te tautoko rotor e piri tika ana ki te pito o runga o te pou matua o te tāpine. Ko te painga nui o tēnei hanganga ko te taea te whakaoti i ngā raruraru kounga o ngā whakarewanga me ngā hangahanga nui i puta mai i te waeine nui; Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e ia te whakaiti i te taumaha hiki me te teitei hiki o te rotor, kia whakaitihia ai te teitei o te tipu me te kawe mai i te ōhanga ki te hanganga tipu hiko.
(3) Te whāriki pana. He wāhanga e pikau ana i te taumaha katoa o te wāhanga hurihuri o te waeine me te pana waipēhi tuaka o te tāpine.
(4) Pūnaha whakamatao. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e te kaiwhakahauora hauwai te hau hei whakamatao i te stator, te takai rotor me te matua stator. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga wai iti te hauhautanga tuwhera, paipa rānei, ko ngā kaihanga wai nui me te rahi-waenga ia he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e rātou te hauhautanga ā-roto kati. Hei whakapai ake i te kaha whakamatao, ka whakamahia e ētahi takai wai kaha-nui te aratau whakamatao ā-roto o te ara iahiko tuwhera e tika ana mā te reo whakamatao, ā, ka whakamahia e te reo whakamatao te wai, te reo hou rānei. Ka whakamataohia ā-roto ngā takai stator me te rotor e te wai, ā, ko te reo whakamatao he wai, he reo hou rānei. Ko ngā takai stator me te rotor e whakamahi ana i te whakamatao ā-roto wai ka kiia he whakamatao ā-roto wai takirua. Ko ngā takai stator me te rotor me te matua stator e whakamahi ana i te whakamatao wai ka kiia he whakamatao ā-roto wai katoa, engari ko ngā takai stator me te rotor e whakamahi ana i te whakamatao ā-roto wai ka kiia he whakamatao ā-roto haurua.
Ko tētahi atu tikanga whakamatao o te whakaputanga wai ko te whakamatao mimiti, e hono ana i te reo wai ki te ara iahiko o te whakaputanga wai hei whakamatao mimiti. Ko ngā painga o te whakamatao mimiti ko te kawe wera o te reo whakamatao he nui ake i te hau me te wai, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te taumaha me te rahi o te waeine.
(5) He rite tonu te hanga o te taputapu whakaohooho me tōna whanaketanga ki ērā o ngā waeine hiko wera.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-01-2021
