I-Waterwheel Design ye-Hydro Hydropower Project

I-Waterwheel Design ye-Hydro Energy
isithonjana samandla e-hydroI-Hydro energy ubuchwepheshe obuguqula amandla e-kinetic okunyakaza kwamanzi abe amandla kagesi noma imishini, futhi enye yezinto zokuqala ezasetshenziswa ukuguqula amandla okuhambisa amanzi abe umsebenzi osebenzisekayo kwakuyi-Waterwheel Design.
Idizayini yesondo lamanzi iguqukile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanti amanye amasondo amanzi abheke phezulu, amanye aqondile kanti amanye anamapulley namagiya anemininingwane eminingi, kodwa wonke aklanyelwe ukwenza umsebenzi ofanayo futhi lokho futhi, "guqula ukunyakaza okuqondile kwamanzi anyakazayo kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okungasetshenziswa ukushayela noma yiluphi ucezu lomshini oxhumeke kuwo ngomshini ozungezisayo".

I-Waterwheel Design ejwayelekile
I-Early Waterwheel Design yayiyimishini yakudala futhi elula ehlanganisa isondo lokhuni eliqondile elinamapulangwe noma amabhakede ahlanganiswe ngokulinganayo azungeza isiyingi sawo wonke asekelwe ku-shaft ovundlile ngamandla amanzi ageleza ngaphansi kwawo ephusha isondo ngendlela eqondile ngokumelene nama-blades.
Lawa masondo amanzi amile ayephakeme kakhulu kunomklamo wangaphambili wamasondo wamanzi ovundlile owenziwa amaGreki namaGibhithe asendulo, ngoba ayekwazi ukusebenza ngokuphumelelayo ekuhumusheni umfutho wamanzi anyakazayo abe namandla. Ama-pulleys kanye ne-gearing kwabe sekunamathiselwe ku-waterwheel okwavumela ushintsho ekuqondeni kwe-shaft ejikelezayo ukusuka endaweni evundlile ukuya mpo ukuze kusetshenziswe amatshe okugaya, ukhuni lwamasaha, ukuchoboza insimbi, ukunyathela nokusika njll.

Izinhlobo ze-Water Wheel Design
Iningi lamasondo lamanzi aziwa nangokuthi ama-Watermill noma amasondo nje Amanzi, angamasondo agibele phezulu azungeza nge-ekseli evundlile, futhi lezi zinhlobo zamasondo amanzi zihlukaniswa ngendlela amanzi asetshenziswa ngayo esondweni, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-asili yesondo. Njengoba ungase ulindele, amasondo amanzi ayimishini emikhulu ezungeza ngesivinini esiphansi se-angular, futhi abe nokusebenza kahle okuphansi, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana nokugcwaliswa okungaphelele kwamabhakede, njll.
Isenzo samanzi asunduza amabhakede namasondo amabhakede noma ama-paddles athuthukisa i-torque ku-asili kodwa ngokuqondisa amanzi kulawa ma-paddles namabhakede asuka ezindaweni ezihlukene esondweni isivinini sokuzungeza nokusebenza kwawo kungathuthukiswa. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zokuklama isondo lamanzi "isondo lamanzi elingaphansi" kanye "nesondo lamanzi elingaphezulu".

I-Undershot Water Wheel Design
I-Undershot Water Wheel Design, eyaziwa nangokuthi “isondo lomfudlana” kwakuwuhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lwesondo lamanzi elaklanywa amaGreki namaRoma asendulo njengoba kuwuhlobo lwesondo olulula, olushibhile futhi olulula ukulakha.
Kulolu hlobo lokuklama kwamasondo amanzi, isondo livele libekwe ngqo emfuleni ogelezayo futhi lisekelwe phezulu. Ukunyakaza kwamanzi angezansi kudala isenzo sokusunduza ngokumelene nezigwedlo ezingaphansi kwamanzi engxenyeni engezansi yesondo elivumela ukuthi lijikeleze libheke ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela ngokuphathelene nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi.
Lolu hlobo lomklamo wamasondo amanzi ngokuvamile lusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyisicaba ezingenawo umthambeka wemvelo wezwe noma lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kuhamba ngokushesha ngokwanele. Uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imiklamo yesondo lamanzi, lolu hlobo lomklamo alusebenzi kahle, lusebenzisa amandla amancane afinyelela ku-20% wamanzi ukuzungezisa isondo. Futhi amandla wamanzi asetshenziswa kanye kuphela ukuzungezisa isondo, emva kwalokho ageleza ahambe nawo wonke amanye amanzi.
Okunye okubi kwesondo lamanzi angaphansi kwesondo ukuthi lidinga amanzi amaningi ahamba ngesivinini. Ngakho-ke, amasondo angaphansi kwamanzi ngokuvamile ahlala osebeni lwemifula njengoba imifudlana emincane noma imifudlana ingenawo amandla anele okwanele emanzini ahambayo.
Enye indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesondo lamanzi elingasho lutho kancane ukuphambukisa iphesenti elithile emanzini emfuleni eduze komsele omncane noma ipayipi ukuze u-100% wamanzi aphambukisiwe usetshenziselwe ukuzungezisa isondo. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu isondo elingaphansi kwesibhamu kufanele libe mncane futhi lilingane ngokunembe kakhulu ngaphakathi komsele ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angaphumi emaceleni noma ngokwandisa inombolo noma ubukhulu bama-paddles.

I-Overshot Waterwheel Design
I-Overshot Water Wheel Design iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomklamo wamasondo amanzi. Isondo lamanzi elidlula i-overshot liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekuklanyweni kwalo kunesondo langaphambili elingaphansi kwe-undershot njengoba lisebenzisa amabhakede noma izingxenye ezincane ukuze libambe futhi libambe amanzi.
Lawa mabhakede agcwala amanzi ageleza phakathi phezulu esondweni. Isisindo samandla adonsela phansi amanzi emabhakedeni agcwele senza ukuthi isondo lizungeze i-axis yalo emaphakathi njengoba amabhakede angenalutho ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesondo eba lula.
Lolu hlobo lwesondo lamanzi lusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi ukwenza ngcono ukuphuma kanye namanzi ngokwawo, ngakho-ke amasondo amanzi adlula amasondo asebenza kahle kakhulu kunemiklamo engaphansi njengoba cishe wonke amanzi nesisindo sawo kusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla aphumayo. Kodwa-ke njengakuqala, amandla wamanzi asetshenziswa kanye kuphela ukuzungezisa isondo, emva kwalokho ageleza ahambe nawo wonke amanye amanzi.
Amasondo amanzi ashisayo alengiswe ngaphezu komfula noma umfudlana futhi ngokuvamile akhiwe ezinhlangothini zamagquma ahlinzeka ngamanzi avela phezulu anekhanda eliphansi (ibanga eliqondile phakathi kwamanzi phezulu nomfula noma umfudlana ngezansi) phakathi kwamamitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-20. Idamu elincane noma i-weir ingakhiwa futhi isetshenziswe kuwo womabili amashaneli futhi inyuse isivinini samanzi aze afike phezulu esondo okuwanika amandla amaningi kodwa umthamo wamanzi kunejubane lawo elisiza ukuzungezisa isondo.

Ngokuvamile, amasondo amanzi adlulayo akhiwa abemakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze anikeze ibanga elikhulu kakhulu lekhanda lesisindo samanzi adonsela phansi ukuze ajikeleze isondo. Kodwa-ke, amasondo amanzi amakhulu amakhulu ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ayabiza ukuwakha ngenxa yesisindo sesondo namanzi.
Lapho amabhakede ngamanye egcwele amanzi, isisindo samanzi adonsela phansi sibangela ukuthi isondo lijikeleze libheke lapho amanzi ageleza khona. Njengoba i-engeli yokuzungezisa isondela ngaphansi kwesondo, amanzi angaphakathi kwebhakede athululela emfuleni noma umfudlana ongezansi, kodwa isisindo samabhakede azungezayo ngemuva kwawo sibangela ukuthi isondo liqhubeke nesivinini salo sokujikeleza. Ibhakede elingenalutho liqhubeka lizungeze isondo elijikelezayo kuze kube yilapho libuyela phezulu futhi lilungele ukugcwaliswa ngamanzi amaningi futhi umjikelezo uyaphinda. Okunye okungalungile kwe-overshot waterwheel design ukuthi amanzi asetshenziswa kanye kuphela njengoba egeleza phezu kwesondo.

I-Pitchback Waterwheel Design
I-Pitchback Water Wheel Design iwukuhluka kwesondo lamanzi elidlule elidlule njengoba iphinde isebenzisa isisindo samanzi ukuze isize ukuzungezisa isondo, kodwa iphinde isebenzise ukugeleza kwamanzi angcolile ngaphansi kwawo ukuze inikeze amandla angeziwe. Lolu hlobo lwedizayini yesondo lamanzi lisebenzisa isistimu ye-low head infeed ehlinzeka ngamanzi eduze naphezulu kwesondo ukusuka ku-pentrough ngaphezulu.
Ngokungafani nesondo lamanzi elidlula isondo eliqondisa amanzi ngokuqondile phezu kwesondo elibangela ukuthi lijike libheke lapho amanzi ageleza khona, isondo lamanzi le-pitchback liphakela amanzi libheke phansi libheke phansi ngefaneli lingene ebhakedeni elingezansi libangele ukuthi isondo lijikeleze libheke kolunye uhlangothi lokugeleza kwamanzi ngaphezulu.
Njengesondo langaphambili elidubukile langaphambili, isisindo samanzi adonsela phansi emabhakedeni sibangela ukuthi isondo lijikeleze kodwa libheke ohlangothini oluphambene newashi. Njengoba i-engeli yokuzungeza isondela phansi kwesondo, amanzi avaleleke ngaphakathi kwamabhakede ayathulula ngezansi. Njengoba ibhakede elingenalutho lixhunywe esondweni, liyaqhubeka lizungeza isondo njengangaphambili kuze kube yilapho libuyela phezulu futhi lilungele ukugcwaliswa ngamanzi engeziwe futhi umjikelezo uyaphinda.
Umehluko ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi amanzi angcolile akhishwe ebhakedeni elijikelezayo ageleza aye ngasesondweni elijikelezayo (njengoba ingenayo enye indawo angaya kuyo), afana nothishanhloko wesondo lamanzi elingaphansi. Ngakho-ke inzuzo enkulu yesondo lamanzi le-pitchback ukuthi lisebenzisa amandla amanzi kabili, kanye ukusuka phezulu kanye ukusuka ngaphansi ukuze lijikeleze isondo lizungeze i-axis yalo ephakathi.
Umphumela uba ukuthi ukusebenza kahle komklamo wesondo lamanzi kwenyuke kakhulu kwaze kwaba ngaphezu kwama-80% wamandla wamanzi njengoba eqhutshwa yikho kokubili isisindo samanzi angenayo kanye namandla noma ukucindezela kwamanzi aqondiswe emabhakedeni avela phezulu, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi angcolile angaphansi ephusha amabhakede. Ububi nokho besondo lamanzi le-pitchback ukuthi lidinga ukuhlelwa kokuphakelwa kwamanzi okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana ngokuqondile ngaphezu kwesondo elinama-chute nama-pentrough.

I-Breastshot Waterwheel Design
I-Breastshot Water Wheel Design ingenye idizayini yesondo lamanzi ebekwe mpo lapho amanzi engena khona emabhakedeni cishe uhhafu wendlela ukuya phezulu ngobude be-ekseli, noma ngaphezulu nje kwawo, abese egeleza aphume ezansi aqonde lapho amasondo ajikeleza khona. Ngokuvamile, isondo lamanzi le-breastshot lisetshenziswa ezimeni lapho ikhanda lamanzi linganele ukunika amandla idizayini yesondo le-overshot noma i-pitchback esuka phezulu.
Okubi lapha ukuthi isisindo samanzi adonsela phansi sisetshenziswa kuphela cishe ingxenye yesine yokuzungezisa ngokungafani nangaphambili okwakuyisigamu sokuzungezisa. Ukuze unqobe lokhu kuphakama kwekhanda eliphansi, amabhakede amasondo amanzi enziwa abe banzi ukuze kukhishwe inani elidingekayo lamandla angaba khona emanzini.
Amasondo e-breastshot waterwheels asebenzisa cishe isisindo esifanayo samanzi adonsela phansi ukuze azungezise isondo kodwa njengoba ukuphakama kwekhanda lamanzi kucishe kube uhhafu wesondo elivamile le-overshot, amabhakede abanzi kakhulu kunemiklamo yangaphambilini yamanzi ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo wamanzi abanjwe emabhakedeni. Ububi balolu hlobo lokuklama ukwanda kobubanzi nesisindo samanzi athwalwa ibhakede ngalinye. Njengokwakheka kwe-pitchback, isondo le-breastshot lisebenzisa amandla amanzi kabili njengoba isondo lamanzi liklanyelwe ukuhlala emanzini livumela amanzi angcolile ukuthi asize ekujikelezeni kwesondo njengoba egeleza ehla ngomfudlana.

Khiqiza Ugesi Ngokusebenzisa Isondo Lamanzi
Ngokomlando amasondo amanzi ayesetshenziselwa ukugaya ufulawa, okusanhlamvu kanye neminye imisebenzi enjalo yemishini. Kodwa amasondo amanzi angasetshenziswa futhi ekukhiqizeni ugesi, okubizwa ngokuthi iHydro Power system. Ngokuxhuma ijeneretha kagesi ku-waterwheels ezungezisayo shaft, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile usebenzisa amabhande okushayela kanye nama-pulleys, amasondo amanzi angasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla ngokuqhubekayo amahora angu-24 ngosuku ngokungafani namandla elanga. Uma isondo lamanzi liklanywe ngendlela efanele, isistimu kagesi encane noma “encane” ingakhiqiza ugesi owanele ukuze inike amandla izibani kanye/noma izinto ezisebenza ngogesi ekhaya elimaphakathi.
Bheka Ama-Generator amasondo Amanzi aklanyelwe ukukhiqiza okukhiphayo kwawo okuhle ngesivinini esiphansi. Kumaphrojekthi amancane, injini encane ye-DC ingasetshenziswa njengejeneretha enejubane eliphansi noma i-alternator yezimoto kodwa lezi zenzelwe ukusebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu ngakho-ke kungase kudingeke uhlobo oluthile lokugiya. Ijeneretha ye-turbine yomoya yenza ijeneretha efanelekile yamasondo amanzi njengoba yakhelwe isivinini esiphansi, ukusebenza kokukhipha okuphezulu.
Uma kukhona umfula ogeleza ngokushesha noma umfudlana oseduze nekhaya lakho noma ingadi ongawusebenzisa, khona-ke uhlelo lwamandla kagesi wesilinganiso esincane lungase lube enye indlela engcono kunezinye izinhlobo zemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo efana ne-“Wind Energy” noma “Solar Energy” njengoba inomthelela obonakalayo omncane kakhulu. Futhi njengamandla omoya namandla elanga, enesistimu yokuphehla amanzi exhunywe kugridi encane exhunywe kugridi yensiza yendawo, noma imuphi ugesi owukhiqizayo kodwa ongawusebenzisi ungathengiswa ubuyiselwe enkampanini kagesi.
Esifundweni esilandelayo esimayelana ne-Hydro Energy, sizobheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaturbine atholakalayo esingawanamathisela ekwakhiweni kwethu kwamasondo amanzi okuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-Waterwheel Design nokuthi ungawenza kanjani ugesi wakho usebenzisa amandla amanzi, noma uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa lwamandla e-hydro mayelana nemiklamo ehlukahlukene yamasondo amanzi atholakalayo, noma ukuhlola izinzuzo nezinkinga zamandla kagesi, bese uchofoza Lapha ukuze u-ode ikhophi yakho e-Amazon namuhla mayelana nezimiso nokwakhiwa kwamasondo amanzi angasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi.