I-Pelton turbine (ebuye ihunyushwe ngokuthi: i-Pelton waterwheel noma i-Bourdain turbine, isiNgisi: isondo le-Pelton noma i-Pelton Turbine) iwuhlobo lwe-turbine enomthelela, eyasungulwa umsunguli waseMelika u-Lester W. Yasungulwa ngu-Alan Pelton. Ama-turbine e-Pelton asebenzisa amanzi ukuze ageleze futhi ashaye isondo lamanzi ukuze athole amandla, ahlukile kunesondo elivamile lokujova elikhuphukayo eliqhutshwa yisisindo samanzi ngokwawo. Ngaphambi kokuthi umklamo ka-Pelton ushicilelwe, izinguqulo eziningana ezihlukene ze-impingement turbine zazikhona, kodwa zazingasebenzi kahle kunomklamo kaPelton. Ngemva kokuba amanzi eshiya isondo lamanzi, ngokuvamile amanzi asenesivinini, echitha amandla amaningi e-kinetic esondo lamanzi. I-Pelton's paddle geometry iwukuthi i-impeller ishiya i-impeller ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu ngemva kokugijima ngesigamu sejubane lendiza yamanzi; ngakho-ke, umklamo ka-Pelton uthwebula amandla okuthinta amanzi cishe wonke, ukuze Iba ne-turbine yamanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukugeleza kwamanzi anesivinini esiphezulu kungena epayipini, ikholomu yamanzi aqinile iqondiswe kuma-fan amise okwebhakede esondo elihambayo ngevalvu yenaliti ukushayela isondo elinyakazayo. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi ama-fan blades, azungeza umngcele wesondo lokushayela, futhi ngokuhlangene abizwa ngokuthi isondo lokushayela. (Bheka isithombe ukuze uthole imininingwane, Vintage Pelton Turbine). Njengoba i-jet yamanzi igxilisa ama-fan blades, isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi sizoshintsha ngenxa yokuma kwebhakede. Amandla omthelela wamanzi azosebenzisa isikhashana ebhakedeni lamanzi kanye nesistimu yamasondo ahambayo, futhi usebenzise lokhu ukuzungezisa isondo elihambayo; isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi ngokwawo "akunakuguqulwa", futhi i-outlet yokugeleza kwamanzi ibekwe ngaphandle kwebhakede lamanzi, futhi izinga lokugeleza lokugeleza kwamanzi lizokwehla liye esivinini esiphansi kakhulu. Phakathi nale nqubo, umfutho wejethi owuketshezi uzodluliselwa esondweni elinyakazayo futhi ukusuka lapho uye enjinini yamanzi. Ngakho-ke "ukwethuka" kungasebenza ngempela ku-turbine. Ukuze kwandiswe amandla nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi we-turbine, isistimu ye-rotor ne-turbine yakhelwe ukuphinda kabili isivinini sejethi ewuketshezi ebhakedeni. Futhi ingxenye encane kakhulu yamandla e-kinetic yasekuqaleni yejethi ewuketshezi izohlala emanzini, okwenza ibhakede lingabi nalutho futhi ligcwale ngesivinini esifanayo (bona ukongiwa kwenqwaba), ukuze uketshezi olufakwayo olunomfutho ophezulu luqhubeke nokujovwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Awekho amandla adinga ukumoshwa. Imvamisa, amabhakede amabili azofakwa eceleni ku-rotor, okuzovumela ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuthi kuhlukaniswe amapayipi amabili alinganayo okundiza (bheka isithombe). Lokhu kulungiselelwa kulinganisa amandla omthwalo oseceleni ku-rotor futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ubushelelezi, kuyilapho amandla e-kinetic asuka kujethi oketshezi aphinde adluliselwe ku-rotor ye-hydro turbine.
Njengoba amanzi kanye noketshezi oluningi lucishe lucindezeleke, cishe wonke amandla atholakalayo athathwa esigabeni sokuqala ngemva kokugeleza koketshezi ku-turbine. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinjini zomoya ze-Pelton, zinengxenye eyodwa kuphela yamasondo ahambayo, ngokungafani nezinjini zegesi ezisebenza kuketshezi olucindezelayo.
Izinhlelo ezisebenzisekayo Amaturbine e-Pelton angolunye lwezinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu zezinjini zokuphehla amandla kagesi wamanzi futhi awuhlobo olufaneleka kakhulu lweturbine endaweni ezungezile lapho umthombo wamanzi otholakalayo unobude obuphakeme kakhulu bamakhanda kanye namazinga aphansi okugeleza. ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, endaweni ephakeme yekhanda kanye nokugeleza okuphansi, i-Pelton turbine iphumelela kakhulu, ngisho noma ihlukaniswe yaba yimifudlana emibili, isaqukethe amandla afanayo emcabangweni. Futhi, amapayipi asetshenziswa emifudlaneni emibili yomjovo kumele abe sezingeni eliqhathanisekayo, elinye lawo lidinga ishubhu elincanyana elide kanye nelinye ishubhu elifushane elibanzi. Ama-turbine e-Pelton angafakwa kumasayithi abo bonke osayizi. Sezivele zikhona izitshalo zamandla kagesi ngamanzi ezinama-hydraulic vertical shaft Pelton turbines ekilasini lamathani. Iyunithi yayo enkulu yokufaka ingaba ngu-200 MW. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-turbines amancane e-Pelton angama-intshi ambalwa ububanzi futhi angasetshenziswa ukukhipha amandla emifudlaneni egeleza kuphela amalitha ambalwa ngomzuzu. Amanye amasistimu amapayipi asendlini asebenzisa amasondo amanzi ohlobo lwe-Pelton ukulethwa kwamanzi. Lawa ma turbine amancane e-Pelton ayanconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe ezindaweni eziphakeme zamafidi angama-30 (9.1 m) noma ngaphezulu ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla abalulekile. Njengamanje, ngokuya ngokugeleza nokuklama kwamanzi, ukuphakama kwekhanda kwendawo yokufaka i-Pelton turbine kungcono ku-49 kuya ku-5,905 amafidi (14.9 kuya ku-1,799.8 amamitha), kodwa awukho umkhawulo wethiyori okwamanje.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-02-2022
