1.Izinhlobo nezici zokusebenza kwejeneretha
Ijeneretha iyisisetshenziswa esikhiqiza ugesi uma singaphansi kwamandla emishini. Kule nqubo yokuguqula, amandla emishini avela kwezinye izinhlobo zamandla ahlukahlukene, njengamandla omoya, amandla amanzi, amandla okushisa, amandla elanga nokunye. Ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene zikagesi, amajeneretha ahlukaniswa kakhulu abe amajeneretha e-DC kanye namajeneretha e-AC.
1. Izici ezisebenzayo zejeneretha ye-DC
Ijeneretha ye-DC inezici zokusetshenziswa okulula nokusebenza okuthembekile. Ingakwazi ukunikeza ngokuqondile amandla kagesi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zikagesi ezidinga ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi e-DC. Kodwa-ke, kune-commutator ngaphakathi kwejeneretha ye-DC, okulula ukukhiqiza i-spark kagesi nokusebenza kahle kokuphehla amandla. Ijeneretha ye-DC ngokuvamile ingasetshenziswa njengokunikezwa kwamandla e-DC motor motor, electrolysis, electroplating, ukushaja kanye excitation of alternator.
2. Izici zokusebenza ze-alternator
Ijeneretha ye-AC isho ijeneretha ekhiqiza i-AC ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla emishini angaphandle. Lolu hlobo lwejeneretha lungahlukaniswa lube yi-synchronous AC power generation
Ijeneretha ye-synchronous ivame kakhulu phakathi kwamajeneretha e-AC. Lolu hlobo lwejeneretha lujatshuliswa i-DC yamanje, enganikeza kokubili amandla asebenzayo namandla asebenzayo. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuphakela amandla emishinini yokulayisha ehlukahlukene edinga ugesi we-AC. Ukwengeza, ngokuya ngeziguquli eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo, amajeneretha angama-synchronous angahlukaniswa abe amajeneretha e-steam turbine, ama-hydro generator, amajeneretha edizili nezinjini zomoya.
Ama-Alternator asetshenziswa kabanzi, ngokwesibonelo, amajeneretha asetshenziselwa ukuphakelwa kukagesi eziteshini zikagesi ezahlukahlukene, amabhizinisi, izitolo, ugesi obekwe eceleni wasendlini, izimoto, njll.
Imodeli kanye nemingcele yezobuchwepheshe ye-generator
Ukuze kube lula ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwejeneretha, umbuso uye wahlanganisa indlela yokuhlanganisa yemodeli yejeneretha, futhi wanamathisela i-nameplate yejeneretha endaweni esobala yegobolondo layo, elihlanganisa ikakhulukazi imodeli yejeneretha, i-voltage elinganiselwe, ukunikezwa kwamandla okulinganiselwe, amandla alinganiselwe, ibanga lokuhlukanisa, imvamisa, isici samandla nesivinini.
Imodeli nencazelo yejeneretha
Imodeli ye-generator ngokuvamile iyincazelo yemodeli yeyunithi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lokukhishwa kwamandla kagesi yi-generator, uhlobo lweyunithi ye-generator, izici zokulawula, inombolo ye-serial yokuklama kanye nezici zemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli wamanye amajeneretha anembile futhi alula, okulula ukuwabona, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6, okuhlanganisa inombolo yomkhiqizo, i-voltage elinganiselwe kanye nesilinganiso samanje.
(1) I-voltage elinganiselwe
I-voltage elinganiselwe ibhekisela ekukhishweni kwamandla kagesi okulinganiselwe yi-generator ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, futhi iyunithi yi-kV.
(2) Isilinganiso samanje
Isilinganiso samanje sibhekisela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwamandla ejeneretha ngaphansi kokusebenza okuvamile nokuqhubekayo, ku-Ka. Uma amanye amapharamitha ejeneretha elinganiselwe, ijeneretha isebenza kulokhu kwamanje, futhi ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-stator winding yayo ngeke kudlule ububanzi obuvunyelwe.
(3) Isivinini sokujikeleza
Isivinini sejeneretha sisho isivinini esikhulu sokuzungeza se-shaft eyinhloko ye-generator ngaphakathi kwe-1min. Le parameter ingenye yemingcele ebalulekile yokwahlulela ukusebenza kwejeneretha.
(4) Imvamisa
I-Frequency isho ukuphindaphinda kwesikhathi se-AC sine wave kujeneretha, futhi iyunithi yayo i-Hertz (Hz). Isibonelo, uma imvamisa yejeneretha ingu-50Hz, kukhombisa ukuthi isiqondiso samanje esishintshanayo namanye amapharamitha angu-1 ashintsha izikhathi ezingu-50.
(5) Isici samandla
I-generator ikhiqiza ugesi ngokuguqulwa kwe-electromagnetic, futhi amandla ayo okukhiphayo angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: amandla asebenzayo namandla asebenzayo. Amandla asebenzayo asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe nokuguqula ugesi kanye nezibuthe; Amandla asebenzayo anikezwa abasebenzisi. Engqikithini yokuphuma kwamandla ejeneretha, ingxenye yamandla asebenzayo iyisici samandla.
(6) Ukuxhumeka kwe-Stator
Uxhumano lwe-stator lwejeneretha lungahlukaniswa lube izinhlobo ezimbili, okungukuthi unxantathu (△ umumo) uxhumano kanye noxhumano lwenkanyezi (Okumise kuka-Y), njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 9. Ku-generator, ama-winding amathathu e-generator stator ngokuvamile axhunywe enkanyezini.
(7) Ikilasi le-insulation
Ibanga le-insulation ye-generator ikakhulukazi libhekisela ebangeni eliphezulu lokumelana nokushisa kwempahla yayo yokufaka. Ku-generator, impahla yokuvikela i-insulating iyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka. Impahla kulula ukusheshisa ukuguga ngisho nokulimala ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinga lokumelana nokushisa lezinto ezihlukene zokuvikela i-insulating nalo lihlukile. Le parameter ivame ukumelwa izinhlamvu, lapho u-y ebonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elimelana nokushisa lingu-90 ℃, a libonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elimelana nokushisa lingu-105 ℃, e libonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elimelana nokushisa lingu-120 ℃, B libonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elimelana nokushisa lingu-130 ℃ libonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa liyi-130 ℃, 5 ℃ libonisa ukuthi yi-french; H ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elimelana nokushisa lingu-180 ℃, futhi u-C ubonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elimelana nokushisa lingaphezu kuka-180 ℃.
(8) Okunye
Kujeneretha, ngaphezu kwamapharamitha wobuchwepheshe angenhla, kukhona nemingcele efana nenani lezigaba zejeneretha, isisindo esiphelele seyunithi kanye nosuku lokukhiqiza. Le mingcele inembile futhi kulula ukuyiqonda uma ufunda, futhi ikakhulukazi eyabasebenzisi ukuthi babhekisele kuyo lapho besebenzisa noma bethenga.
3. Ukuhlonza i-generator emgqeni
I-generator ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile kumasekethe okulawula afana nokushayela kukagesi kanye nethuluzi lomshini. Lapho udweba umdwebo we-schematic ohambisana nesifunda ngasinye sokulawula, i-generator ayibonakali ngesimo sayo sangempela, kodwa imakwe ngemidwebo noma imidwebo, izinhlamvu nezinye izimpawu ezimele umsebenzi wayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-15-2021
