1. Mitundu ndi makhalidwe a jenereta
Jenereta ndi chipangizo chomwe chimapanga magetsi chikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya makina. Mu njira yosinthira iyi, mphamvu ya makina imachokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu, monga mphamvu ya mphepo, mphamvu ya madzi, mphamvu ya kutentha, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magetsi, majenereta amagawidwa makamaka m'majenereta a DC ndi majenereta a AC.
1. Makhalidwe a ntchito ya jenereta ya DC
Jenereta ya DC ili ndi makhalidwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso odalirika. Imatha kupereka mphamvu zamagetsi mwachindunji pazida zamagetsi zamitundu yonse zomwe zimafuna mphamvu ya DC. Komabe, pali chosinthira magetsi mkati mwa jenereta ya DC, chomwe ndi chosavuta kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi komanso mphamvu zochepa zopangira magetsi. Jenereta ya DC nthawi zambiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mphamvu ya DC ya DC motor, electrolysis, electroplating, charging ndi excitation ya alternator.
2. Makhalidwe a ntchito ya alternator
Jenereta ya AC imatanthauza jenereta yomwe imapanga AC pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakunja yamakina. Mtundu uwu wa jenereta ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu opanga mphamvu ya AC yogwirizana
Jenereta yolumikizana ndi magetsi ndiyo yodziwika kwambiri pakati pa majenereta a AC. Mtundu uwu wa jenereta umayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya DC, yomwe ingapereke mphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupereka mphamvu ku zida zosiyanasiyana zonyamula katundu zomwe zimafuna mphamvu ya AC. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi ma prime movers osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, majenereta olumikizana ndi magetsi amatha kugawidwa m'majenereta a turbine ya nthunzi, majenereta a hydro, majenereta a dizilo ndi ma turbine amphepo.
Ma alternator amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ma jenereta amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka magetsi m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira magetsi, m'mabizinesi, m'masitolo, m'nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, m'magalimoto, ndi zina zotero.
Chitsanzo ndi magawo aukadaulo a jenereta
Pofuna kuthandiza kasamalidwe ka kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito jenereta, boma lagwirizanitsa njira yosonkhanitsira chitsanzo cha jenereta, ndikuyika dzina la jenereta pamalo oonekera bwino a chipolopolo chake, chomwe chimaphatikizapo makamaka chitsanzo cha jenereta, magetsi ovoteledwa, magetsi ovoteledwa, mphamvu yovoteledwa, kalasi yoteteza, ma frequency, mphamvu ndi liwiro.
Chitsanzo ndi tanthauzo la jenereta
Chitsanzo cha jenereta nthawi zambiri chimakhala kufotokozera chitsanzo cha chipangizocho, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa mphamvu yotulutsa magetsi kuchokera ku jenereta, mtundu wa chipangizo cha jenereta, makhalidwe owongolera, nambala yotsatizana ya kapangidwe kake, ndi makhalidwe a chilengedwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ya majenereta ena ndi yosavuta komanso yomveka bwino, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzizindikira, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 6, kuphatikiza nambala ya chinthu, voteji yovomerezeka ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka.
(1) Voltage yovomerezeka
Voltage yoyesedwa imatanthawuza mphamvu yamagetsi yoyesedwa ndi jenereta panthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, ndipo chipangizocho ndi kV.
(2) Mphamvu yamagetsi yovotera
Mphamvu yoyesedwa imatanthauza mphamvu yogwira ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya jenereta yomwe ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso mosalekeza, mu Ka. Pamene magawo ena a jenereta ayesedwa, jenereta imagwira ntchito pa mphamvu iyi, ndipo kukwera kwa kutentha kwa stator winding yake sikudzapitirira malire ololedwa.
(3) Liwiro lozungulira
Liwiro la jenereta limatanthauza liwiro lalikulu kwambiri lozungulira la shaft yayikulu ya jenereta mkati mwa mphindi imodzi. Gawo ili ndi limodzi mwa magawo ofunikira poyesa magwiridwe antchito a jenereta.
(4) Kuchuluka kwa nthawi
Ma frequency amatanthauza nthawi yofanana ya AC sine wave mu jenereta, ndipo unit yake ndi Hertz (Hz). Mwachitsanzo, ngati ma frequency a jenereta ndi 50Hz, zimasonyeza kuti njira ya alternating current yake ndi ma parameter ena 1s amasintha nthawi 50.
(5) Mphamvu yamagetsi
Jenereta imapanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi osinthika ndi maginito, ndipo mphamvu yake yotulutsa imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mphamvu ya maginito ndikusintha magetsi ndi maginito; Mphamvu yogwira ntchito imaperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Mu mphamvu yonse yotulutsa mphamvu ya jenereta, gawo la mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndiye chinthu champhamvu.
(6) Kulumikizana kwa Stator
Kulumikizana kwa stator kwa jenereta kungagawidwe m'mitundu iwiri, yomwe ndi kulumikizana kwa triangular (△) ndi kulumikizana kwa nyenyezi (Y), monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 9. Mu jenereta, ma windings atatu a stator ya jenereta nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa mu nyenyezi.
(7) Kalasi yotetezera kutentha
Mlingo woteteza kutentha wa jenereta makamaka umatanthauza mtundu woteteza kutentha kwambiri wa zinthu zake zotetezera kutentha. Mu jenereta, zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi cholumikizira chofooka. Zinthuzo n'zosavuta kuchedwetsa kukalamba komanso kuwonongeka pa kutentha kwambiri, kotero mtundu woteteza kutentha wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotetezera kutentha nawonso ndi wosiyana. Gawoli nthawi zambiri limaimiridwa ndi zilembo, pomwe y imasonyeza kuti kutentha kosatha kutentha ndi 90 ℃, a imasonyeza kuti kutentha kosatha kutentha ndi 105 ℃, e imasonyeza kuti kutentha kosatha kutentha ndi 120 ℃, B imasonyeza kuti kutentha kosatha kutentha ndi 130 ℃, f imasonyeza kuti kutentha kosatha kutentha ndi 155 ℃, H imasonyeza kuti kutentha kosatha kutentha ndi 180 ℃, ndipo C imasonyeza kuti kutentha kosatha kutentha ndi koposa 180 ℃.
(8) Zina
Mu jenereta, kuwonjezera pa magawo aukadaulo omwe ali pamwambapa, palinso magawo monga kuchuluka kwa magawo a jenereta, kulemera konse kwa chipangizocho ndi tsiku lopangira. Magawo awa ndi osavuta kumva komanso osavuta kumva powerenga, ndipo makamaka ndi a ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito akamagula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito.
3, Chizindikiro cha jenereta pamzere
Jenereta ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'mabwalo owongolera monga magetsi oyendetsa ndi zida zamakina. Pojambula chithunzi chofananira ndi dera lililonse lowongolera, jeneretayo simawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni, koma imawonetsedwa ndi zojambula kapena ma diagram, zilembo ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimayimira ntchito yake.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-15-2021
