Isikhululo samandla okugcina amanzi esimpompiweyo sesona teknoloji sisetyenziswa kakhulu nesivuthiweyo kwisitoreji samandla esikhulu, kwaye amandla afakiweyo esi sikhululo samandla anokufikelela kwinqanaba le-gigawatt. Okwangoku, isikhululo samandla okugcina amanzi esimpompiweyo sesona sikhululo sophuhliso esikhulileyo ehlabathini.
Isikhululo samandla okugcina amanzi esimpompiweyo sinobuchwepheshe obuvuthiweyo nobuzinzileyo kunye neenzuzo eziphezulu ezibanzi. Sihlala sisetyenziselwa ukucheba okuphezulu kunye nokulinda. Isikhululo samandla okugcina amanzi esimpompiweyo sesona teknoloji sisetyenziswa kakhulu nesivuthiweyo kwisitoreji samandla esikhulu, kwaye amandla afakiweyo esikhululo samandla anokufikelela kwinqanaba le-gigawatt.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga zeKomiti yoBugcisa bokugcina amandla ye-China Energy Research Association, okwangoku, isikhululo samandla okugcina amanzi esinophuhliso oluvuthiweyo nolunamandla amakhulu afakiweyo ehlabathini yisikhululo samandla okugcina amanzi esinomoya. Ngowama-2019, amandla okugcina amandla kwihlabathi liphela afikelele kwi-180 yezigidi ze-KW, kwaye amandla afakiweyo ezikhungweni zamandla okugcina amanzi ezinomoya adlule kwi-170 yezigidi ze-KW, nto leyo eyenza i-94% yogcino lwamandla lwehlabathi liphela.
Isikhululo samandla okugcina amanzi esimpompiweyo sisebenzisa umbane ophantsi komthwalo wenkqubo yamandla ukupompa amanzi ukuya kwindawo ephezulu yokugcina amanzi, kunye nokukhupha amanzi okuvelisa umbane ngexesha lomthwalo ophezulu. Xa umthwalo uphantsi, isikhululo samandla okugcina amanzi esimpompiweyo singumsebenzisi; Xa umthwalo uphezulu, sisikhululo samandla.
Iyunithi yeSitishi sikagesi sePomped Storage Hydropower inemisebenzi emibini esisiseko: ukupompa kunye nokuvelisa umbane. Le yunithi isebenza njenge-hydraulic turbine ngexesha lomthwalo ophezulu wenkqubo yombane. Ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane ye-hydraulic turbine kulungiswa ngenkqubo yerhuluneli ukuguqula amandla anokubakho amanzi abe ngamandla oomatshini okujikeleza kweyunithi, kwaye emva koko amandla oomatshini aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane ngejenereyitha;
Xa umthwalo wenkqubo yamandla uphantsi, isetyenziswa njengempompo yamanzi ukuze isebenze. Amandla ombane kwindawo ephantsi asetyenziselwa ukupompa amanzi ukusuka kwidama elisezantsi ukuya kwidama eliphezulu. Ngokuhlengahlengiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo yerhuluneli, ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwentloko yepompo, kwaye amandla ombane aguqulwa abe ngamandla anokubakho amanzi okugcina.
Isikhululo samandla ombane esifuthwayo sinoxanduva olukhulu lokucheba ngokukhawuleza, ukuguquguquka kwamaza, ukulinda okungxamisekileyo kunye nokuqalisa okumnyama kwenkqubo yamandla, okunokuphucula nokulinganisela umthwalo wenkqubo yamandla, ukuphucula umgangatho wonikezelo lwamandla kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho zenkqubo yamandla, kwaye yintsika yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo, okunoqoqosho nokuzinzileyo kwegridi yamandla. Isikhululo samandla ombane esifuthwayo saziwa ngokuba yi-"stabilizer", "regulator" kunye ne-"balancer" ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo kwegridi yamandla.
Umkhwa wophuhliso lwezikhululo zamanzi zokugcina amanzi ezimpompiweyo kwihlabathi liphela yintloko ephezulu, umthamo omkhulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Intloko yamanzi ephezulu ithetha ukuba iyunithi iphuhla iye kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamanzi. Umthamo omkhulu uthetha ukuba umthamo weyunithi enye uyanda. Isantya esiphezulu sithetha ukuba iyunithi isebenzisa isantya esiphezulu.
Ulwakhiwo kunye neempawu
Izakhiwo eziphambili zeSitishi sikagesi sePomped Storage Hydropower ngokubanzi ziquka ichibi eliphezulu, ichibi elisezantsi, inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi, i-powerhouse kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezitishi zikagesi zemveli, izakhiwo ze-hydraulic zezitishi zikagesi ze-hydropower zokugcina ezipomped zineempawu eziphambili ezilandelayo:
Kukho ii-reservoirs ezimbini. Xa kuthelekiswa nezikhululo zamandla ombane eziqhelekileyo ezinomthamo ofanayo ofakiweyo, umthamo we-reservoirs wezikhululo zamandla ombane ezifunxwayo udla ngokuba mncinci.
Inqanaba lamanzi edamini litshintsha kakhulu kwaye linyuka lize lihle rhoqo. Ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi wokucheba phezulu kunye nokuzalisa intlambo kwigridi yamandla, uluhlu lotshintsho lwemihla ngemihla lwenqanaba lamanzi edamini leSitishi sikagesi sePumped Storage Hydropower Station ludla ngokuba lukhulu, ngokubanzi lungaphezulu kwe-10 ~ 20m, kwaye ezinye izikhululo zikagesi zifikelela kwi-30 ~ 40m, kwaye izinga lotshintsho lwenqanaba lamanzi edamini likhawuleza, ngokubanzi lifikelela kwi-5 ~ 8m / h, okanye i-8 ~ 10m / h.
Iimfuneko zokuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi kwidama ziphezulu. Ukuba isikhululo samandla ombane esicocekileyo esigcina amanzi silahlekelwa ngamanzi amaninzi ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanzi kwidama eliphezulu, ukuveliswa kombane kwisikhululo samandla kuya kuncipha. Ke ngoko, iimfuno zokuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi kwidama ziphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala kweemeko zamanzi kwindawo yeprojekthi, umonakalo wokuvuza kwamanzi kunye nokuvuza okuxineneyo okubangelwa kukuvuza kwamanzi, kukwakho neemfuno eziphezulu zokuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi kwidama.
Intloko yamanzi iphezulu. Intloko yamanzi yeSitishi sikagesi sePumped Storage Hydropower ngokubanzi iphezulu, uninzi lwayo luyi-200 ~ 800m. ISitishi sikagesi seJixi Pumped Storage Hydropower esinomthamo ofakelweyo we-1.8 yezigidi kW yiprojekthi yokuqala yecandelo lentloko yeemitha ezingama-650 eTshayina, kwaye iSitishi sikagesi seDunhua Pumped Storage Hydropower esinomthamo ofakelweyo we-1.4 yezigidi kW yiprojekthi yokuqala yecandelo lentloko yeemitha ezingama-700 eTshayina. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwenqanaba lobuchwephesha lezikhululo zikagesi ze-hydropower zokugcina ezipomped, inani lezikhululo zikagesi ze-hydropower eziphezulu nezinkulu eTshayina ziya kuba zininzi nangakumbi.
Ukuphakama kokufakelwa kweyunithi kuphantsi. Ukuze koyiswe impembelelo yokubhabheka nokuvuza kwamanzi kwi-powerhouse, izitishi ezinkulu zamanzi zokugcina amanzi ezakhiwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe zihlala zisebenzisa uhlobo lwe-powerhouse engaphantsi komhlaba kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-25-2022
