Isiteshi sikagesi esinompompi siwubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi obuvuthiwe kakhulu ekugcinweni kwamandla okukhulu, futhi amandla afakiwe esiteshi sikagesi angafinyelela ezingeni le-gigawatt. Njengamanje, isiteshi sikagesi esinompompi esinesilinganiso sentuthuko esivuthiwe kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isiteshi sikagesi esinompompi sinobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe nobuzinzile kanye nezinzuzo eziphezulu eziphelele. Sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukushefa okuphezulu kanye nokulinda. Isiteshi sikagesi esinompompi siwubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi obuvuthiwe ekugcineni amandla amakhulu, futhi amandla afakiwe esiteshi sikagesi angafinyelela ezingeni le-gigawatt.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele zeKomidi Lochwepheshe Lokugcina Amandla le-China Energy Research Association, okwamanje, isiteshi sikagesi esinompompi esinentuthuko evuthiwe kakhulu kanye nomthamo omkhulu ofakiwe emhlabeni yisiteshi sikagesi esinompompi. Ngo-2019, umthamo wokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke usufinyelele ku-180 million KW, kanti umthamo ofakiwe weziteshi zikagesi ezinompompi usudlule ku-170 million KW, okwenza u-94% wendawo yokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke.
Isiteshi sikagesi esipompayo sisebenzisa ugesi ophansi ohlelweni lwamandla ukupompa amanzi aye endaweni ephezulu yokugcina, futhi sikhiphe amanzi ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi ngesikhathi somthwalo ophezulu. Uma umthwalo uphansi, isiteshi sikagesi esipompayo yisisebenzisi; uma umthwalo uphezulu, siyisiteshi sikagesi.
Iyunithi yeSiteshi sikagesi i-Pumped Storage Hydropower Station inemisebenzi emibili eyisisekelo: ukupompa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Iyunithi isebenza njenge-hydraulic turbine ngesikhathi somthwalo ophezulu wesistimu yamandla. Ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane ye-hydraulic turbine kulungiswa ngohlelo lwe-governor ukuguqula amandla angase abe amandla omshini wokujikeleza kweyunithi, bese amandla omshini eguqulwa abe amandla kagesi ngejeneretha;
Uma umthwalo wesistimu yamandla uphansi, usetshenziswa njengephampu yamanzi ukuze isebenze. Amandla kagesi asezingeni eliphansi asetshenziselwa ukupompa amanzi esuka echibini elingezansi aye echibini elingaphezulu. Ngokulungisa okuzenzakalelayo kwesistimu yokulawula, ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kulungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngekhanda lephampu, futhi amandla kagesi aguqulwa abe amandla angase abe amanzi okugcina.
Isiteshi sikagesi esinompompi sinomthwalo omkhulu wokugunda ushevu, ukushintshashintsha kwemvamisa, ukulinda okuphuthumayo kanye nokuqala kohlelo lwamandla ngomnyama, okungathuthukisa futhi kulinganise umthwalo wohlelo lwamandla, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho zohlelo lwamandla, futhi kuyinsika yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile, okunomnotho nokuzinzile kwegridi yamandla. Isiteshi sikagesi esinompompi saziwa ngokuthi “isizinzisi”, “umlawuli” kanye “nobhalansi” ekusebenzeni okuphephile kwegridi yamandla.
Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kweziteshi zamandla kagesi ezipompiwe emhlabeni uwukuthi inhloko ephezulu, umthamo omkhulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu. Inhloko yamanzi ephezulu isho ukuthi iyunithi ithuthuka ibe yinhloko yamanzi ephezulu. Umthamo omkhulu usho ukuthi umthamo weyunithi eyodwa uyakhula. Isivinini esikhulu sisho ukuthi iyunithi isebenzisa isivinini esithile esiphezulu.
Isakhiwo kanye nezici
Izakhiwo eziyinhloko zeSiteshi sikagesi se-Pumped Storage Hydropower ngokuvamile zifaka phakathi ichibi eliphezulu, ichibi elingezansi, uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi, i-powerhouse kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa neziteshi zikagesi ezivamile, izakhiwo ze-hydraulic zeziteshi zikagesi ze-pomped storage zinezici ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
Kunezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezimbili. Uma kuqhathaniswa neziteshi zamandla kagesi ezivamile ezinomthamo ofanayo ofakiwe, umthamo wamanzi eziteshi zamandla kagesi ezigcina amanzi ezipompiwe ngokuvamile mncane.
Izinga lamanzi echibini lishintsha kakhulu futhi liyakhuphuka futhi lehle njalo. Ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi wokugunda phezulu kanye nokugcwalisa isigodi kugridi kagesi, izinga lansuku zonke lokushintshashintsha kwezinga lamanzi echibini leSiteshi sikagesi i-Pumped Storage Hydropower Station livame ukuba likhulu, ngokuvamile lingaphezu kuka-10 ~ 20m, kanti ezinye iziteshi zikagesi zifinyelela ku-30 ~ 40m, kanti izinga lokushintshashintsha kwezinga lamanzi echibini liyashesha, ngokuvamile lifinyelela ku-5 ~ 8m / h, noma ngisho no-8 ~ 10m / h.
Izidingo zokuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi echibini ziphakeme. Uma isiteshi sikagesi samanzi sokugcina amanzi esipompiwe silahlekelwa amanzi amaningi ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanzi echibini elingaphezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla esiteshi sikagesi kuzoncishiswa. Ngakho-ke, izidingo zokuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi echibini ziphakeme. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka kwezimo zamanzi endaweni yephrojekthi, umonakalo wokuvuza kwamanzi kanye nokuvuza okugxilile okubangelwa ukuvuza kwamanzi, kuphinde kubekwe izidingo eziphakeme zokuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi echibini.
Inhloko yamanzi iphakeme. Inhloko yamanzi yeSiteshi sikagesi i-Pumped Storage Hydropower ngokuvamile iphakeme, ikakhulukazi ngamamitha angu-200 ~ 800. ISiteshi sikagesi i-Jixi Pumped Storage Hydropower esinomthamo ofakiwe ongu-1.8 million kW yiphrojekthi yokuqala yesigaba sekhanda samamitha angu-650 eShayina, kanti iSiteshi sikagesi i-Dunhua Pumped Storage Hydropower esinomthamo ofakiwe ongu-1.4 million kW yiphrojekthi yokuqala yesigaba sekhanda samamitha angu-700 eShayina. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lobuchwepheshe leziteshi zikagesi i-pumped storage, inani leziteshi zikagesi i-high head kanye neziteshi zikagesi ezinkulu eShayina lizoba liningi kakhulu.
Ukuphakama kokufakwa kweyunithi kuphansi. Ukuze kunqotshwe ithonya lokuntanta nokuvuza kwendlu kagesi, iziteshi ezinkulu zamanzi zokugcina amanzi ezakhiwe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa uhlobo lwendlu kagesi engaphansi komhlaba eminyakeni yamuva.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-25-2022
