Siteshoni yamagetsi yopompa ndi ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima kwambiri pakusungira mphamvu zazikulu, ndipo mphamvu yokhazikika ya siteshoni yamagetsi imatha kufika pa gigawatt. Pakadali pano, siteshoni yamagetsi yopompa ndi yomwe ili ndi kukula kokhwima kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Malo osungira magetsi opompa ali ndi ukadaulo wokhwima komanso wokhazikika komanso wopindulitsa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pometa tsitsi nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yopumira. Malo osungira magetsi opompa ndi ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima kwambiri pakusungira mphamvu zambiri, ndipo mphamvu yokhazikika ya malo osungira magetsi imatha kufika pa gigawatt.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira za Komiti Yoyang'anira Kusungira Mphamvu ya China Energy Research Association, pakadali pano, malo osungira magetsi opompedwa omwe ali ndi chitukuko chokhwima kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi malo osungira magetsi opompedwa. Pofika chaka cha 2019, mphamvu yosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi yafika pa 180 miliyoni KW, ndipo mphamvu yoyika ya malo osungira magetsi opompedwa yapitirira 170 miliyoni KW, zomwe zimapangitsa 94% ya mphamvu yonse padziko lonse lapansi.
Malo osungira magetsi opompa amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili pa katundu wochepa wa makina amagetsi popompa madzi kupita pamalo okwera kuti akasungidwe, ndikutulutsa madzi kuti apange magetsi panthawi yomwe katunduyo ali wokwera kwambiri. Pamene katunduyo ali wochepa, malo osungira magetsi opompa ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito; Pa nthawi yomwe katunduyo ali wokwera kwambiri, ndi malo osungira magetsi.
Gawo la Pumped Storage Hydropower Station lili ndi ntchito ziwiri zazikulu: kupopa ndi kupanga magetsi. Gawoli limagwira ntchito ngati turbine ya hydraulic panthawi yomwe mphamvu yamagetsi ikukwera kwambiri. Kutseguka kwa guide vane ya turbine ya hydraulic kumasinthidwa kudzera mu dongosolo la governor kuti kusinthe mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina yozungulira mayunitsi, kenako mphamvu yamakina imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu jenereta;
Pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ili yochepa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pampu yamadzi yogwirira ntchito. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili pamalo otsika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera madzi kuchokera ku thanki yapansi kupita ku thanki yapamwamba. Kudzera mu kusintha kwa makina a governor, kutsegula kwa guide vane kumasinthidwa yokha malinga ndi mutu wa pampu, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamadzi yosungira.
Malo osungira magetsi opompa ndi omwe amachititsa kwambiri kumeta tsitsi mozungulira, kusintha ma frequency, kuyimirira mwadzidzidzi komanso kuyambitsa magetsi moyipa, zomwe zimatha kukonza ndikuyendetsa bwino katundu wa makina amagetsi, kukonza ubwino wa magetsi komanso phindu lachuma la makina amagetsi, ndipo ndiye maziko owonetsetsa kuti gridi yamagetsi ikugwira ntchito bwino, mopanda ndalama komanso mokhazikika. Malo osungira magetsi opompa amadziwika kuti "stabilizer", "regulator" ndi "balancer" pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa gridi yamagetsi.
Kukula kwa malo osungira magetsi opopa padziko lonse lapansi ndi mphamvu yayikulu, mphamvu yayikulu komanso liwiro lalikulu. Mphamvu yayikulu imatanthauza kuti chipangizocho chikukula kukhala mphamvu yayikulu. Mphamvu yayikulu imatanthauza kuti mphamvu ya chipangizo chimodzi ikukwera. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti chipangizocho chikugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lalikulu.
Kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe
Nyumba zazikulu za Pumped Storage Hydropower Station nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi malo osungira madzi apamwamba, malo osungira madzi otsika, makina otumizira madzi, nyumba yamagetsi ndi nyumba zina zapadera. Poyerekeza ndi malo osungira magetsi achizolowezi, nyumba zama hydraulic za malo osungira magetsi opompedwa ali ndi makhalidwe akuluakulu awa:
Pali malo osungiramo madzi awiri. Poyerekeza ndi malo osungiramo madzi achikhalidwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu yofanana yokhazikika, mphamvu ya malo osungiramo madzi a malo osungiramo madzi opompedwa nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa.
Madzi a m'chitsime amasintha kwambiri ndipo amakwera ndi kutsika pafupipafupi. Pofuna kugwira ntchito yometa kwambiri ndi kudzaza zigwa mu gridi yamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'chitsime cha Pumped Storage Hydropower Station tsiku lililonse nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitilira 10 ~ 20m, ndipo malo ena opangira magetsi amafika 30 ~ 40m, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'chitsime kumakhala kofulumira, nthawi zambiri kufika 5 ~ 8m / h, kapena ngakhale 8 ~ 10m / h.
Zofunikira pa malo osungira madzi oti asalowe m'madzi ndi zambiri. Ngati malo osungira madzi opompedwa bwino ataya madzi ambiri chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi m'chitsime chapamwamba, mphamvu ya magetsi m'chitsimecho idzachepa. Chifukwa chake, zofunikira pa malo osungira madzi oti asalowe m'madzi ndi zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa madzi m'dera la polojekiti, kuwonongeka kwa madzi m'chitsimecho komanso kutuluka kwa madzi m'chitsimecho, zofunikiranso zapamwamba zimaperekedwa kuti ziteteze madzi m'chitsimecho.
Mutu wa madzi ndi wokwera kwambiri. Mutu wa madzi wa Pumped Storage Hydropower Station nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera kwambiri, makamaka 200 ~ 800m. Jixi Pumped Storage Hydropower Station yokhala ndi mphamvu zonse zoyikidwa za 1.8 miliyoni kW ndi pulojekiti yoyamba ya gawo la mutu wa mamita 650 ku China, ndipo Dunhua Pumped Storage Hydropower Station yokhala ndi mphamvu zonse zoyikidwa za 1.4 miliyoni kW ndi pulojekiti yoyamba ya gawo la mutu wa mamita 700 ku China. Ndi chitukuko chopitilira chaukadaulo cha malo osungira magetsi opompedwa, chiwerengero cha malo osungira magetsi amphamvu kwambiri komanso akuluakulu ku China chidzawonjezeka.
Kukwera kwa malo oikira magetsi ndi kochepa. Pofuna kuthana ndi mphamvu ya kuyandama ndi kutuluka kwa madzi pa malo opangira magetsi, malo akuluakulu osungira magetsi opangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja kwa dziko lapansi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito malo opangira magetsi pansi pa nthaka m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-25-2022
