Saldhigga korontada ee bamka lagu shubo waa tiknoolajiyadda ugu isticmaalka badan uguna bislaanshaha badan kaydinta tamarta ee baaxadda weyn, awoodda la rakibay ee saldhigga korontadana waxay gaari kartaa heerka gigawatt. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, saldhigga korontada ee bamka lagu shubo oo leh heerka horumarinta ugu bislaaday adduunka.
Saldhigga korontada ee kaydinta biyaha ee bamka lagu shubo wuxuu leeyahay tiknoolajiyad qaangaar ah oo deggan iyo faa'iidooyin dhammaystiran oo heer sare ah. Badanaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa xiirashada ugu sarreysa iyo heeganka. Saldhigga korontada ee kaydinta biyaha ee bamka lagu shubo waa tiknoolajiyadda ugu ballaaran ee loo isticmaalo uguna bislaatay kaydinta tamarta ee baaxadda weyn, awoodda la rakibay ee saldhigga korontadana waxay gaari kartaa heerka gigawatt.
Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka aan dhammaystirnayn ee Guddiga Xirfadlayaasha Kaydinta Tamarta ee Ururka Cilmi-baarista Tamarta Shiinaha, hadda, saldhigga korontada biyaha ee kaydinta ee leh horumarka ugu bislaaday iyo awoodda ugu weyn ee la rakibay adduunka waa saldhigga korontada biyaha ee kaydinta ee bamka lagu shubo. Sannadkii 2019, awoodda kaydinta tamarta adduunka ayaa gaartay 180 milyan oo KW, awoodda la rakibay ee saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee kaydinta ee bamka lagu shubo ayaa dhaaftay 170 milyan oo KW, taasoo ka dhigan 94% wadarta guud ee kaydinta tamarta adduunka.
Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee bamka lagu keydiyo wuxuu adeegsadaa korontada marka ay yar tahay culayska nidaamka korontada si uu biyaha ugu shubo meesha sare si loogu kaydiyo, iyo in biyaha loo daadiyo koronto dhalinta inta lagu jiro xilliga culayska ugu sarreeya. Marka culaysku yar yahay, saldhigga korontada biyaha ee bamka lagu shubo ayaa ah isticmaalaha; Marka culaysku ugu sarreeyo, waa warshad koronto.
Cutubka Saldhigga Korontada Kaydinta Bamka leh wuxuu leeyahay laba shaqo oo aasaasi ah: bamgareynta iyo soo saarista korontada. Cutubka wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii marawaxadaha haydarooliga inta lagu jiro culeyska ugu sarreeya ee nidaamka korontada. Furitaanka marawaxadaha hagaha ee marawaxadaha haydarooliga waxaa lagu hagaajiyaa nidaamka governor si tamarta biyaha ee suurtagalka ah loogu beddelo tamarta farsamada ee wareegga cutubka, ka dibna tamarta farsamada waxaa loo beddelaa tamar koronto iyada oo loo marayo matoorka;
Marka culayska nidaamka korontadu hooseeyo, waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii bambo biyood si loo shaqeeyo. Tamarta korontada ee meesha hoose ku taal waxaa loo isticmaalaa in biyaha laga soo saaro kaydka hoose ilaa kaydka sare. Iyada oo loo marayo hagaajinta otomaatiga ah ee nidaamka governor-ka, furitaanka van-ka hagaha ayaa si toos ah loogu hagaajiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo madaxa bamka, tamarta korontadana waxaa loo beddelaa tamar suurtagal ah oo biyaha lagu kaydiyo.
Saldhigga korontada ee kaydinta bamka ayaa inta badan mas'uul ka ah xiirashada ugu sarreysa, isbeddelka soo noqnoqoshada, heeganka degdegga ah iyo bilawga madow ee nidaamka korontada, kaas oo hagaajin kara oo dheellitiri kara culeyska nidaamka korontada, hagaajin kara tayada sahayda korontada iyo faa'iidooyinka dhaqaale ee nidaamka korontada, waana tiirka lagu hubinayo hawlgalka badbaadada leh, dhaqaale iyo xasilloon ee shabakadda korontada. Saldhigga korontada ee kaydinta bamka waxaa loo yaqaan "xasillooniye", "xakameeye" iyo "dheellitiriye" hawlgalka badbaadada leh ee shabakadda korontada.
Isbeddelka horumarinta ee saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee bamka lagu shubo ee adduunka waa madax sare, awood weyn iyo xawaare sare. Madaxa biyaha oo sareeya macnaheedu waa in cutubku uu u korayo madax biyo oo sareeya. Awood weyn macnaheedu waa in awoodda hal cutub ay sii kordhayso. Xawaaraha sare macnaheedu waa in cutubku uu qaato xawaare gaar ah oo sare.
Qaab-dhismeedka iyo astaamaha
Dhismayaasha ugu muhiimsan ee Saldhigga Korontada Kaydinta Bamka (Pamted Storage Hydropower Station) guud ahaan waxaa ka mid ah kaydka sare, kaydka hoose, nidaamka gudbinta biyaha, korontada iyo dhismayaasha kale ee gaarka ah. Marka la barbardhigo saldhigyada korontada ee caadiga ah, qaab-dhismeedka haydarooliga ee saldhigyada korontada ee bamka lagu shubo waxay leeyihiin sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee soo socda:
Waxaa jira laba kayd. Marka la barbardhigo saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee caadiga ah ee leh awood isku mid ah oo la rakibay, awoodda kaydka ee saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee bamka lagu shubo badanaa waa yar tahay.
Heerka biyaha kaydka ayaa si weyn isu beddela oo si joogto ah u kordha oo hoos u dhaca. Si loo qabto hawsha xiirashada ugu sarreysa iyo buuxinta dooxooyinka ee shabakadda korontada, kala duwanaanshaha maalinlaha ah ee heerka biyaha kaydka ee Saldhigga Korontada Kaydinta ee Bamka lagu shubo badanaa waa weyn yahay, guud ahaan in ka badan 10 ~ 20m, qaar ka mid ah saldhigyada korontada biyaha ayaa gaara 30 ~ 40m, heerka isbeddelka heerka biyaha kaydkana waa mid degdeg ah, guud ahaan ilaa 5 ~ 8m / saac, ama xitaa 8 ~ 10m / saac.
Shuruudaha looga baahan yahay ka hortagga qodista kaydka biyaha ayaa sarreeya. Haddii saldhigga tamarta biyaha ee bamka lagu shubo uu lumiyo biyo badan sababtoo ah daadashada kaydka sare, korontada laga dhaliyo saldhigga korontada ayaa yaraan doonta. Sidaa darteed, shuruudaha ka hortagga qodista kaydka biyaha ayaa sarreeya. Isla mar ahaantaana, si looga hortago xaaladda biyaha ee ka sii daraysa aagga mashruuca, dhaawaca qodista iyo daadashada xooggan ee ka dhalata qodista biyaha, shuruudo sare ayaa sidoo kale la soo bandhigayaa si looga hortago qodista kaydka biyaha.
Madaxa biyaha waa mid dheer. Madaxa biyaha ee Saldhigga Korontada Kaydinta Bamka ee guud ahaan waa mid sare, inta badan 200 ~ 800m. Saldhigga Korontada Kaydinta Bamka ee Jixi oo leh awood guud oo la rakibay oo ah 1.8 milyan oo kW waa mashruucii ugu horreeyay ee qaybta madaxa ee 650 mitir ee Shiinaha, Saldhigga Korontada Kaydinta Bamka ee Dunhua oo leh awood guud oo la rakibay oo ah 1.4 milyan oo kW waa mashruucii ugu horreeyay ee qaybta madaxa ee 700 mitir ee Shiinaha. Iyadoo la horumarinayo heerka farsamada ee saldhigyada korontada ee kaydinta bamka, tirada saldhigyada korontada ee korontada ee madaxa sare iyo kuwa waaweyn ee Shiinaha ayaa sii kordhaya.
Kor u kaca rakibaadda cutubku waa mid hooseeya. Si looga gudbo saameynta qulqulka iyo qulqulka korontada, saldhigyada waaweyn ee korontada ku shaqeeya ee bamka lagu shubo ee laga dhisay gudaha iyo dibadda ayaa inta badan qaata qaabka korontada dhulka hoostiisa mara sannadihii ugu dambeeyay.
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-25-2022
