Isikhululo samandla samanzi esimponsiweyo sesona sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye siqolileyo kwitekhnoloji yokugcina amandla amakhulu, kwaye umthamo ofakiweyo wesikhululo samandla unokufikelela kwinqanaba legigawatt. Okwangoku, isikhululo samandla esimponthiweyo esinesona sikali sophuhliso sikhulileyo kwihlabathi.
Isikhululo samandla ombane esipumped esinobuchwephesha obuvuthiweyo nobuzinzileyo kunye neenzuzo eziphezulu ezibanzi. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukutsheva okuphezulu kunye nokulinda. Isikhululo samandla samanzi esimponsiweyo sesona sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye siqolileyo kwitekhnoloji yokugcina amandla amakhulu, kwaye umthamo ofakiweyo wesikhululo samandla unokufikelela kwinqanaba legigawatt.
Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezingaphelelanga zogcino lwamandla eKomiti yobuchwephesha baseChina i-Energy Research Association, okwangoku, isikhululo samandla ombane esimpompelwe esinophuhliso oluqolileyo kakhulu kunye nomthamo omkhulu ofakiweyo kwihlabathi sisikhululo samandla ombane esimpontshwayo. Ngo-2019, umthamo wogcino lwamandla kwihlabathi jikelele ufikelele kwi-180 yezigidi ze-KW, kwaye umthamo ofakiweyo wezikhululo zamandla ombane ezimpontshwayo zigqithise kwi-170 yezigidi ze-KW, ezibalelwa kwi-94% yogcino lulonke lwamandla ehlabathi.
Isikhululo sombane samanzi esimpompelweyo sisebenzisa amandla kumthwalo ophantsi wenkqubo yamandla ukumpompa amanzi kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuze agcinwe, kunye nokukhupha amanzi okuvelisa umbane ngexesha lomthwalo ophezulu. Xa umthwalo uphantsi, isikhululo samandla ombane esimpompelwe singumsebenzisi; Kwincopho yomthwalo, sisixhobo sombane.
Iyunithi yePumped Storage Hydropower Station inemisebenzi emibini esisiseko: ukumpompa kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla. Iyunithi isebenza njenge turbine ye-hydraulic ngexesha lomthwalo ophakamileyo wenkqubo yamandla. Ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo se-hydraulic turbine kulungelelaniswa ngenkqubo yerhuluneli ukuguqula amandla anokubakho emanzini abe ngamandla omatshini wokujikeleza kweyunithi, kwaye ke amandla oomatshini aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane ngejenereyitha;
Xa umthwalo wenkqubo yamandla uphantsi, isetyenziswe njengempompo yamanzi ukuze isebenze. Amandla ombane kwindawo ephantsi asetyenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi ukusuka kwidama elisezantsi ukuya kwidama eliphezulu. Ngohlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo lwenkqubo yerhuluneli, ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo kulungelelaniswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwentloko yempompo, kwaye amandla ombane aguqulwa abe amandla anokubakho amanzi okugcinwa.
Isikhululo samandla ombane esimpompelweyo sinoxanduva ikakhulu lokucheba incopho, ukumodareyithwa rhoqo, ukulinda okungxamisekileyo kunye nokuqalisa okumnyama kwenkqubo yamandla, enokuphucula nokulinganisa umthwalo wenkqubo yamandla, iphucule umgangatho wobonelelo lwamandla kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho zenkqubo yamandla, kwaye yintsika yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuzinza kwegridi yamandla. Isikhululo samandla ombane esipopothiweyo saziwa ngokuba yi "stabilizer", "regulator" kunye ne "balancer" ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo kwegridi yamandla.
Umkhwa wophuhliso lwezikhululo zamandla ombane ezimpontshwayo emhlabeni yintloko ephezulu, umthamo omkhulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Intloko yamanzi ephezulu ithetha ukuba iyunithi iphuhlisa ukuya kwintloko yamanzi ephezulu. Umthamo omkhulu uthetha ukuba umthamo weyunithi enye uyakhula. Isantya esiphezulu sithetha ukuba iyunithi ithatha isantya esiphezulu.
Isakhiwo kunye neempawu
Izakhiwo eziphambili zePumped Storage Hydropower Station ngokubanzi ziquka indawo yokugcina amanzi ephezulu, indawo yokugcina amanzi, inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi, indlu yombane kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezikhululo zombane eziqhelekileyo ngamanzi, ubume behydraulic bokugcina impompo yezikhululo zamandla ombane ezinezi mpawu zilandelayo:
Kukho amadama amabini. Xa kuthelekiswa nezikhululo zombane eziqhelekileyo zamanzi ezinomthamo ofanayo ofakiweyo, umthamo wogcino lweendawo zokugcina umbane we-hydropower ompompelweyo udla ngokuba mncinci.
Umgangatho wamanzi wedama utshintsha kakhulu kwaye unyuka kwaye uhla rhoqo. Ukwenzela ukwenza umsebenzi wokutsheva okuphakamileyo kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo kwigridi yamandla, ukwahluka kwemihla ngemihla koluhlu lwendawo yokugcina amanzi ePumped Storage Hydropower Station lidla ngokuba likhulu, ngokubanzi lingaphezulu kwe-10 ~ 20m, kwaye ezinye izikhululo zombane wamanzi zifikelela kwi-30 ~ 40m, kunye nesantya soguqulo lomgangatho wogcino lwamanzi ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-5h, 1m okanye 8m ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8h okanye 8m ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8h. / h.
Iimfuno ze-anti-seepage yedama ziphezulu. Ukuba isikhululo sombane esinompompo ococekileyo silahlekelwa ngamanzi amaninzi ngenxa yokuvuza kwedama eliphezulu, ukuveliswa kombane kwisikhululo sombane kuya kucuthwa. Ke ngoko, iimfuno ze-anti-seepage ye-reservoir ziphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuwohloka kweemeko ze-hydrogeological kwindawo yeprojekthi, umonakalo we-seepage kunye nokuvuza okugxininisiweyo okubangelwa yi-sepage yamanzi, iimfuno eziphezulu nazo zibekwe phambili ekukhuselweni kwe-sepage ye-reservoir.
Intloko yamanzi iphezulu. Intloko yamanzi yePumped Storage Hydropower Station idla ngokuba phezulu, ubukhulu becala 200 ~ 800m. ISikhululo soMbane oPhuhliweyo weJixi esinomthamo ofakiweyo we-1.8 yezigidi zekW yiprojekthi yokuqala yecandelo leemitha ezingama-650 eTshayina, kunye neSikhululo soMbane we-Hydropower sase-Dunhua esiPumped Storage esinomthamo ofakelweyo we-1.4 yezigidi kW yiprojekthi yokuqala yecandelo leemitha ezingama-700 eTshayina. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwenqanaba lobugcisa bezikhululo zombane ezimpontshwayo zokugcina umbane, inani leentloko eziphezulu kunye nezikhululo zamandla ombane amakhulu e-China ziya kuba ngaphezulu nangaphezulu.
Umphakamo wofakelo weyunithi uphantsi. Ukuze koyiswe impembelelo yokushukuma kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi kwindlu yombane, izikhululo zombane ezimpompiweyo ezinkulu ezakhiwe ekhaya naphesheya ubukhulu becala zamkela uhlobo lwendlu yamandla engaphantsi komhlaba kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-25-2022
