Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeejenereyitha zamanzi. Namhlanje, ndiza kwazisa ngokweenkcukacha iijenereyitha zamanzi ze-axial flow. Ukusetyenziswa kweejenereyitha ze-axial flow turbine kwiminyaka yakutshanje ikakhulu kukuphuhliswa kweentloko eziphakamileyo kunye nobukhulu obukhulu. Ii-turbine zasekhaya ze-axial-flow ziyakhula ngokukhawuleza. Ii-turbine ezimbini ze-axial-flow paddle-type ezifakwe kwiSitishi samanzi saseGezhouba zakhiwe. Enye yazo inobubanzi obuziimitha ezili-11.3, okwangoku yeyona inkulu yohlobo lwayo kwihlabathi liphela. Nazi izibonelelo kunye nokungalungi kwee-turbine ze-axial flow.
Iingenelo ze-axial flow turbine
Xa kuthelekiswa nee-turbines zikaFrancis, ii-turbines ze-axial flow zinezibonelelo eziphambili ezilandelayo:
1. Isantya esiphezulu kunye neempawu zamandla ezilungileyo. Ke ngoko, isantya sayo seyunithi kunye nokuhamba kweyunithi kuphezulu kuneso se-turbine kaFrancis. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zentloko yamanzi kunye nemveliso, inokunciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani beyunithi yokuvelisa i-turbine, inciphise ubunzima beyunithi, kwaye yonge ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, ukuze ibe yeyongayo. iphezulu.
2. Ubume bomphezulu kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu we-runner blade ye-axial flow turbine zinokuhlangabezana lula neemfuno zokwenziwa. Ngenxa yokuba ii-blades ze-axial-flow rotary-paddle turbine zinokujikeleza, ukusebenza okuphakathi kuphezulu kunokwe-mixed-flow turbine. Xa umthwalo kunye nentloko yamanzi zitshintsha, ukusebenza akutshintshi kangako.
3. Iiblade ze-runner ze-axial-flow paddle turbine zinokuhlulwa, nto leyo elungele ukwenziwa nokuthuthwa.
Ngoko ke, i-axial flow turbine inokugcina uzinzo kuluhlu olukhulu lokusebenza, ngokungcangcazela okuncinci, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso ephezulu. Kuluhlu oluphantsi, phantse ithathe indawo ye-Francis turbine. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, kokubini ngokubhekiselele kumthamo weyunithi enye kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentloko yamanzi, kubekho uphuhliso olukhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubanzi kakhulu.
Iingxaki ze-axial flow turbine
Nangona kunjalo, i-axial flow turbine nayo ineziphene kwaye inciphisa umda wokusetyenziswa kwayo. Iziphene eziphambili zezi:
1. Inani leencakuba lincinci, kwaye linamandla kakhulu, ngoko ke amandla aphantsi, kwaye alinakusetyenziswa kwizikhululo zamanzi eziphakathi neziphezulu.
2. Ngenxa yesantya sokuhamba kweyunithi enkulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu seyunithi, inobude obuncinci bokufunxa kune-turbine yeFrancis phantsi kwemeko efanayo yentloko, nto leyo ebangela ubunzulu obukhulu bokumba isiseko sesikhululo samandla kunye notyalo-mali oluphezulu.
Ngokweziphene ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zeeturbines ze-axial flow, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezintsha ezinamandla aphezulu zokulwa nokukhupha umoya ekuveliseni iiturbine kwaye amandla eeblade ayaphucuka kuyilo, ukuze intloko yokusetyenziswa kweeturbines ze-axial flow iphuculwe rhoqo. Okwangoku, intloko yokusetyenziswa kweturbine ye-axial-flow paddle yi-3 ukuya kwi-90 m, kwaye ingenile kwindawo yeturbine yeFrancis. Umzekelo, imveliso ephezulu yeyunithi enye yeeturbines ze-axial-flow paddle zangaphandle yi-181,700 kW, intloko ephezulu yamanzi yi-88m, kwaye ububanzi bomdyarho yi-10.3m. Ubungakanani obukhulu bomatshini omnye weturbine ye-axial-flow paddle eveliswa kwilizwe lam yi-175,000 kW, intloko ephezulu yamanzi yi-78m, kwaye ububanzi obukhulu bomdyarho yi-11.3m. Iturbine ye-axial-flow fixed-propeller ineeblade ezizinzileyo kunye nesakhiwo esilula, kodwa ayinakuziqhelanisa nezikhululo zamandla ombane ezinotshintsho olukhulu kwintloko yamanzi kunye nomthwalo. Inentloko yamanzi ezinzileyo kwaye isebenza njengomthwalo osisiseko okanye isikhululo samandla esikhulu esineeyunithi ezininzi. Xa amandla exesha lonyaka emaninzi, uthelekiso olunoqoqosho lunokwenzeka. Ingaqwalaselwa. Uluhlu lwayo olusebenzayo lwentloko yi-3-50m. Iiturbines ze-Axial-flow paddle zihlala zisebenzisa izixhobo ezithe nkqo. Inkqubo yayo yokusebenza iyafana neyeeturbines zikaFrancis. Umahluko kukuba xa umthwalo utshintsha, ayilawuli kuphela ukujikeleza kwee-vanes zesikhokelo. , Ngelixa ikwalungisa ukujikeleza kwee-runner blades ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ngaphambili, sazisa nee-turbines zikaFrancis. Phakathi kweejenereyitha ze-turbine, kusekho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwee-turbines zikaFrancis kunye nee-turbines ze-axial flow. Umzekelo, ulwakhiwo lwee-runners zazo lwahlukile. Iiblade zee-turbines zikaFrancis ziphantse zilingane ne-main shaft, ngelixa ii-axial flow turbines ziphantse zithe nkqo kwi-main shaft.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-11-2021
