Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeejenereyitha zombane wamanzi. Namhlanje, ndiza kwazisa i-axial flow hydroelectric generator ngokweenkcukacha. Ukusetyenziswa kweejenereyitha ze-axial flow turbine kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuphuhliso lwentloko ephezulu kunye nobukhulu obukhulu. Iiinjini ze-axial-flow zasekhaya zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Iiinjini ezimbini zohlobo lwe-axial-flow-paddle-type turbines ezifakwe kwiSikhululo soMbane we-Gezhouba Hydropower zakhiwe. Enye yazo inobubanzi obuziimitha ezili-11.3, ngoku lelona likhulu kulo lonke uhlobo lwayo ehlabathini. . Nazi iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwee-axial flow turbines.
Izinto ezilungileyo ze-axial flow turbine
Xa kuthelekiswa nee turbines zikaFrancis, ii-axial flow turbines zineenzuzo eziphambili zilandelayo:
1. Isantya esiphezulu esithile kunye neempawu ezintle zamandla. Ke ngoko, isantya seyunithi kunye nokuhamba kweyunithi kuphezulu kunelo lomoya we-Francis. Ngaphantsi kwentloko efanayo yamanzi kunye neemeko zemveliso, inokunciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani beyunithi yejeneretha ye-turbine, ukunciphisa ubunzima beyunithi, kunye nokugcina ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ngoko kuqoqosho. phezulu.
2. Ubume bomphezulu kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu weblade yembaleki ye-axial flow turbine inokuhlangabezana ngokulula neemfuno kwimveliso. Ngenxa yokuba iibhlewudi ze-axial-flow rotary-paddle turbine zinokujikeleza, umndilili wokusebenza kakuhle uphezulu kunalowo we-mixed-flow turbine. Xa umthwalo kunye nentloko yamanzi iguquka, ukusebenza kakuhle akutshintshi kakhulu.
3. Iibhulethi zomgijimi we-axial-flow paddle turbine ziyakwazi ukuchithwa, ezilungele ukuveliswa kunye nokuthutha.
Ke ngoko, i-axial flow turbine inokugcina uzinzo kuluhlu olukhulu lokusebenza, kunye nokungcangcazela okuncinci, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nesiphumo. Kuluhlu olunentloko ephantsi, iphantse yathatha indawo ye-Francis turbine. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, zombini ngokubhekiselele kwiyunithi enye kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentloko yamanzi, kukho uphuhliso olukhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubanzi kakhulu.
Ukungalungi kwe-axial flow turbine
Nangona kunjalo, i-axial flow turbine ineziphene kwaye iyanciphisa umda wosetyenziso. Ezona ntsilelo ziphambili zezi:
1. Inani lee-blades lincinci, kwaye liyi-cantilever, ngoko amandla ahluphekile, kwaye akanakusetyenziswa kwizikhululo zamanzi aphakathi kunye aphezulu.
2. Ngenxa yomlinganiselo wokuhamba kweyunithi enkulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu seyunithi, inobude obuncinci bokufunxa kune-Francis turbine phantsi kwemeko yentloko efanayo, okukhokelela kubunzulu obukhulu bokumbiwa kwesiseko sesikhululo samandla kunye notyalo-mali oluphezulu.
Ngokweziphene ezikhankanywe ngasentla ze-axial flow turbines, izixhobo ezitsha zokulwa ne-anti-cavitation zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-turbine kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwee-blades kuphuculwe kuyilo, ukwenzela ukuba intloko yesicelo se-axial flow turbines iphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo. Okwangoku, intloko yesicelo se-axial-flow paddle turbine yi-3 ukuya kwi-90 m, kwaye ingene kwindawo ye-Francis turbine. Umzekelo, ubuninzi beyunithi ephumayo ye-axial-flow paddle turbines yangaphandle yi-181,700 kW, ubuninzi bentloko yamanzi yi-88m, kwaye i-diameter yembaleki yi-10.3m. Ubuninzi bemveliso yomatshini omnye we-axial-flow paddle turbine eveliswe kwilizwe lam yi-175,000 kW, ubuninzi bentloko yamanzi yi-78m, kwaye i-diameter ye-mbaleki ephezulu yi-11.3m. I-axial-flow fixed-propeller turbine ine-blades esisigxina kunye nesakhiwo esilula, kodwa ayikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nezikhululo zombane we-hydropower kunye neenguqu ezinkulu kwintloko yamanzi kunye nomthwalo. Inentloko yamanzi ezinzileyo kwaye isebenza njengomthwalo osisiseko okanye isikhululo samandla esinezixa ezininzi. Xa amandla onyaka ebuninzi, uthelekiso lwezoqoqosho lunokwenzeka. Inokuqwalaselwa. Uluhlu lwentloko olusebenzayo luyi-3-50m. Iiiturbines ze-axial-flow paddle zisebenzisa izixhobo ezithe nkqo. Inkqubo yokusebenza kwayo ngokusisiseko iyafana naleyo yee turbines zikaFrancis. Umahluko kukuba xa umthwalo uguquka, awugcini nje ukulawula ukujikeleza kwee-vanes zesikhokelo. , Ngoxa kwakhona ulungelelanisa ukujikeleza kwee-blades zomgijimi ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ngaphambili, sazisa nee turbines zikaFrancis. Phakathi kweejenereyitha zeinjini yomoya, kusekho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweeinjini zomoya zeFrancis kunye nee-axial flow turbines. Umzekelo, ukwakheka kweembaleki zabo kwahlukile. Iincakuba zee turbines zikaFrancis ziphantse zangqamana neshaft engundoqo, lo gama ii-axial flow turbines ziphantse zangqamana neshaft engundoqo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-11-2021
