Kaydinta bamgareynta ayaa ah tignoolajiyada ugu isticmaalka badan uguna qaan gaadhka ah ee kaydinta tamarta baaxada weyn, awooda la rakibay ee saldhigyada korantada waxay gaari kartaa gigawatts. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kaydinta tamarta ugu bisil uguna weyn ee lagu rakibay adduunka waa biyo.
Tignoolajiyada kaydinta bamgaraysan waa qaan oo xasiloon, oo leh faa'iidooyin dhammaystiran oo sarreeya, waxaana badanaa loo istcimaalaa habaynta iyo kaydinta ugu sarreysa. Kaydinta bamgareynta ayaa ah tignoolajiyada ugu isticmaalka badan uguna qaan gaadhka ah ee kaydinta tamarta baaxada weyn, awooda la rakibay ee saldhigyada korantada waxay gaari kartaa gigawatts.
Marka loo eego tirakoobka aan dhamaystirnayn ee Guddiga Xirfadlayaasha Kaydinta Tamarta ee Ururka Cilmi-baarista Tamarta ee Shiinaha, biyaha la shubay ayaa hadda ah tan ugu qaan-gaar ah uguna weyn ee lagu rakibay kaydinta tamarta adduunka. Laga soo bilaabo 2019, awoodda kaydinta tamarta hawleed ee adduunku waxay gaadhay 180 milyan oo kilowatts, awoodda kaydinta tamarta bamka ayaa kor u dhaaftay 170 milyan kilowatts, taasoo ka dhigan 94% kaydinta tamarta guud ee adduunka.
Saldhigyada korantada ee lagu kaydiyo bamka ayaa isticmaala korontada la dhaliyo inta lagu jiro xilliga culeyska hooseeya ee nidaamka korontadu si ay biyaha ugu shubaan meel sare oo lagu kaydiyo, oo ay sii daayaan biyaha si ay u dhaliyaan koronto xilliyada ugu sarreeya. Marka culeysku yar yahay, saldhigga tamarta kaydinta bamka waa isticmaalaha; marka rarku uu sarreeyo, waa warshadda korontada.
Qaybta kaydinta bamgareynta waxay leedahay laba hawlood oo aasaasi ah: bamgaraynta biyaha iyo soo saarista koronto. Unuggu wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii marawaxadaha biyaha marka culeyska nidaamka korontadu uu gaaro heerkiisa ugu sarreeya. Furitaanka hagaha hagaha marawaxadaha biyaha ayaa lagu hagaajiyaa iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka guddoomiyaha, tamarta suurtagalka ah ee biyaha waxaa loo beddelaa tamarta farsamada ee wareegga cutubka, ka dibna tamarta farsamada ayaa loo beddelaa tamarta korantada iyada oo loo marayo koronto-dhaliyaha;
Marka culeyska nidaamka korontadu uu hooseeyo, bamka biyaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro biyaha kaydka hoose ilaa kaydka sare. Si toos ah u habaynta nidaamka gudoomiyaha, daah furka hagaha si toos ah ayaa loo hagaajiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo wiishka bamka, tamarta korantadana waxa loo rogaa tamar biyo ah oo la kaydiyaa. .
Saldhigyada korantada ee kaydinta bamgareynta ayaa inta badan mas'uul ka ah nidaamka ugu sarreeya, xakamaynta soo noqnoqda, gurmad degdeg ah iyo bilawga madow ee nidaamka korantada, taas oo hagaajin karta oo dheellitiri karta culeyska nidaamka korantada, hagaajinta tayada sahayda korantada iyo faa'iidooyinka dhaqaale ee nidaamka korantada, waana laf dhabarta si loo hubiyo badbaadada, dhaqaalaha iyo hawlgalka xasilloon ee shabakada korontada. . Dhirta kaydka tamarta ee bamgaraysan waxaa loo yaqaan "dejinta", "regulators" iyo "balancers" ee hawlgalka badbaadada leh ee xadhkaha korantada.
Isbeddelka horumarinta xarumaha tamarta bamka ee adduunka ayaa ah madax sare, awood weyn iyo xawaare sare. Madaxa sare waxa loola jeedaa in unuggu u kordho madax sare, awood weyni waxa ay ka dhigan tahay in awoodda hal unug ay si joogto ah u kordheyso, xawaaruhuna waxa uu ka dhigan yahay in unuggu uu qaato xawaare gaar ah oo sarreeya.
Qaab dhismeedka xarunta tamarta iyo sifooyinka
Dhismayaasha muhiimka ah ee saldhigga tamarta bamgareynta guud ahaan waxaa ka mid ah: kaydka sare, kaydka hoose, nidaamka biyaha, aqoon-is-weydaarsiga iyo dhismayaal kale oo gaar ah. Marka la barbar dhigo saldhigyada tamarta biyaha ee caadiga ah, qaab dhismeedka haydarooliga ee saldhigyada kaydinta bamka ayaa leh sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee soo socda:
Waxaa jira barkadaha sare iyo hoose. Marka la barbar dhigo saldhigyada tamarta biyaha ee caadiga ah ee leh awood isku mid ah, awoodda kaydka ee saldhigyada kaydinta bamka badanaa waa mid yar.
Heerka biyaha kaydka ayaa si weyn u isbeddela oo kor iyo hoos u dhaca si joogto ah. Si loo guda galo hawsha xiirashada ugu sarreysa iyo buuxinta dooxa ee shabkada korantada, kala duwanaanshaha maalinlaha ah ee heerka biyaha kaydka ee xarunta kaydinta bamka ayaa inta badan ah mid aad u weyn, guud ahaan kor u dhaafta 10-20 mitir, saldhigyada korantada qaarkoodna waxay gaadhaan 30-40 mitir, heerka isbedelka heerka biyaha kaydka waa mid aad u dhakhso badan, guud ahaan 8m/saacaddii
Shuruudaha ka hortagga jeexjeexyada kaydka ayaa aad u sarreeya. Haddii xarunta tamarta bamgaraysan ee saafiga ahi ay keento khasaare badan oo biyo ah oo ay ugu wacan tahay goynta kaydka sare, waxa yaraanaya tamarta tamarta ee saldhiga. Isla mar ahaantaana, si looga hortago in jeexjeexyada biyuhu ay ka sii daraan xaaladaha biyo-jireenka ee aagga mashruuca, taasoo keentay burburka jeexjeexyada iyo jeexjeexyada, shuruudo sare ayaa sidoo kale la dhigayaa ka-hortagga qulqulka kaydka.
Madaxa biyaha ayaa sarreeya. Madaxa xarunta tamarta bamgareynta ayaa guud ahaan aad u sareysa, inta badan 200-800 mitir. Saldhigga kaydka tamarta ee Jixi oo wadar ahaan lagu rakibay 1.8 milyan kilowatts waa mashruucii ugu horeeyay ee dalkaygu ka hirgeliyo qaybta madaxa ee 650 mitir, saldhiga korantada ee Dunhua oo wadarta guud lagu rakibay 1.4 milyan kilowatts waa mashruucii ugu horeeyay ee dalkayga 700 mitir qaybta madaxa. Iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee tignoolajiyada kaydinta bamka, tirada xarumaha tamarta sare ee dalkayga ayaa kordhin doonta.
Cutubka waxa lagu rakibay meel hoose. Si looga gudbo saamaynta guuxa iyo boodboodka ay ku leeyihiin korontada, xarumaha waaweyn ee bamka lagu kaydiyo ee laga dhisay gudaha iyo dibadda sannadihii u dambeeyay ayaa inta badan qaata qaab koronto oo dhulka hoostiisa ah.
Saldhigga korantada ee bamka lagu shubo ee ugu horreeya adduunka waa saldhigga korontada ee Netra ee Zurich, Switzerland, oo la dhisay 1882. Dhismaha saldhigyada kaydinta bamka ee Shiinaha ayaa bilaabay wax yar daahsan. Qeybta ugu horreysa ee dib-u-celinta qulqulka qulqulka ayaa lagu rakibay Gangnan Reservoir ee 1968. Later, iyada oo horumarinta degdega ah ee warshadaha tamarta gudaha, awoodda lagu rakibay ee tamarta nukliyeerka iyo tamarta kulaylka ayaa si degdeg ah u kordhay, u baahan nidaamka tamarta in lagu qalabeeyo unugyo kaydinta bamka ah.
Tan iyo 1980-meeyadii, Shiinuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu si xooggan u dhiso saldhigyo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo baaxad leh. Sanadihii u dambeeyay, horumarka degdega ah ee dhaqaalaha iyo warshadaha tamarta ee dalkaygu, dalkaygu wuxuu gaadhay guulo miro dhal ah oo saynis iyo teknooloji ah oo ku saabsan madax-bannaanida qalabka ee qaybaha kaydinta bamka ee baaxadda leh.
Dhammaadkii 2020, awoodda dalkaygu rakibay ee tamarta kaydinta bamka ah waxay ahayd 31.49 milyan kilowatts, koror 4.0% sannadkii hore. Sannadka 2020, awoodda qaran ee kaydinta tamarta bamka ayaa ahayd 33.5 bilyan kWh, koror 5.0% ah sannadkii hore; Awooda koronto ee kaydinta bamka ee cusub ee dalka lagu daray waxay ahayd 1.2 milyan kWh. Saldhigyada tamarta ee dalkayga ee bamka lagu kaydiyo hadday tahay wax soo saarka iyo kuwa dhismayaba waxay ku jiraan kaalinta koowaad ee adduunka.
Shirkadda State Grid ee Shiinaha waxay had iyo jeer ku xiran tahay muhiimadda weyn horumarinta kaydinta bamka. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, State Grid waxa ay leedahay 22 xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo shaqaynaya iyo 30 xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo la dhisayo.
2016, dhismaha shan xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo ku yaal Zhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, iyo Fukang, Xinjiang ayaa bilaabay;
2017, dhismaha lix xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo ku yaal Gobolka Yi ee Hebei, Zhirui ee Mongolia gudaha, Ninghai ee Zhejiang, Jinyun ee Zhejiang, Luoning ee Henan iyo Pingjiang ee Hunan ayaa bilaabay;
Sannadka 2019, dhismaha shan xarumo koronto oo bamgaraysan oo ku yaalla Funing ee Hebei, Jiaohe ee Jilin, Qujiang ee Zhejiang, Weifang ee Shandong, iyo Hami ee Xinjiang ayaa bilaabmay;
Sannadka 2020, afar saldhig oo koronto lagu kaydiyo oo ku yaal Shanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, iyo Shandong Tai'an Wajiga II ayaa bilaabi doona dhismaha.
Saldhigga tamarta kaydinta bamka ee ugu horreeya dalkayga oo leh qalab unug si buuxda u madaxbannaan. Bishii Oktoobar 2011, xarunta korontadu si guul leh ayaa loo dhammeeyay, taasoo muujinaysa in dalkaygu uu si guul leh u qabsaday tignoolajiyada udub-dhexaadka u ah horumarinta qalabka kaydinta bamka.
Bishii Abriil 2013, Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station waxaa si rasmi ah loo hawlgeliyay koronto dhalin; Bishii Abriil 2016, Saldhigga Korantada ee Kaydinta ee Zhejiang Xianju ee la bamgareeyay oo leh halbeeg dhan 375,000 kilowatts ayaa si guul leh loogu xiray shabagga. Qalabka ismaamulka ee unugyada kaydinta bamka ee baaxadda leh ee dalkayga waa la faafiyey oo si joogto ah loo adeegsaday.
Saldhiggii ugu horreeyay ee 700-mitir ee dalkeyga ah oo lagu keydiyo tamarta. Wadarta awoodda la rakibay waa 1.4 milyan kilowatts. Juun 4, 2021, Cutubka 1 waxa la hawl galiyay si loo dhaliyo koronto.
Xarunta korontada ee bamka lagu keydiyo oo leh awoodda ugu weyn ee la rakibay adduunka ayaa hadda la dhisayaa. Wadarta awoodda la rakibay waa 3.6 milyan kilowatts.
Kaydinta bamgaraysan waxay leedahay sifooyinka aasaasiga ah, dhamaystiran iyo dadweynaha. Waxay ka qaybqaadan kartaa adeegyada sharciyeynta isha nidaamka tamarta cusub, shabakada, rarka iyo isku xirka kaydinta, iyo faa'iidooyinka dhamaystiran ayaa aad muhiim u ah. Waxa ay sido nidaamka korantada oo badbaadsan oo xasiliya sahayda korantada, nadiifiyaha dheellitirka kaarboon-yar ee hooseeya iyo hufnaanta sare Hawsha muhiimka ah ee maamulaha socda.
Marka hore waa in si wax ku ool ah wax looga qabto la'aanta awoodda kaydka la isku halayn karo ee nidaamka korantada hoos galitaanka saamiga sare ee tamarta cusub. Iyada oo laga faa'iidaysan karo nidaamka ugu sarreeya ee awoodda labanlaaban, waxaan hagaajin karnaa awoodda xakamaynta awoodda ugu sarreysa ee nidaamka korantada, waxaanan yareyn karnaa dhibaatada sahayda culeyska ugu sarreysa ee ay keento xasilloonida tamarta cusub iyo culeyska ugu sarreeya ee ay keento qashinka. Dhibaatooyinka isticmaalka ee ay keento horumarinta baaxadda weyn ee tamarta cusub inta lagu jiro muddada waxay si fiican u horumarin kartaa isticmaalka tamarta cusub.
Midda labaad waa in si wax ku ool ah loola tacaalo isku-dheellitir la'aanta udhaxeysa sifooyinka soo-saarka tamarta cusub iyo baahida culeyska, ku tiirsanaanta awoodda hagaajinta dabacsanaanta ee jawaab-celinta degdegga ah, si aad si fiican ula qabsato kala-soocida iyo isbeddelka tamarta cusub, iyo in la daboolo baahida isbeddelka dabacsanaanta ee ay keento tamar cusub "waxay kuxirantahay cimilada".
Midda saddexaad waa in si wax ku ool ah loola tacaalo wakhtiga aan ku filnayn ee firfircoonida ee nidaamka tamarta cusub ee saamiga sare. Iyada oo laga faa'iideysanayo xilliga sare ee firfircoonida koronto-dhaliyaha synchronous, waxay si wax ku ool ah u wanaajin kartaa awoodda ka-hortagga qaska ee nidaamka waxayna ilaalin kartaa xasilloonida soo noqnoqda nidaamka.
Midda afraad waa in si wax ku ool ah loola tacaalo saameynta badbaadada ee suurtagalka ah ee foomka "laba-sare" ee nidaamka tamarta cusub, u qaadashada hawsha gurmadka degdegga ah, iyo ka jawaabista baahiyaha isbeddelka degdegga ah wakhti kasta oo leh bilaw-joojin degdeg ah iyo awood koronto degdeg ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, sida culeyska kala go'a, waxay si badbaado leh uga saari kartaa culeyska la qiimeeyay ee unugga bamgareynta iyadoo leh jawaab-celin millisecond, waxayna hagaajinaysaa badbaadada iyo hawlgalka xasilloonida nidaamka.
Midda shanaad waa in si wax ku ool ah loola tacaalo kharashyada hagaajinta sare ee uu keeno isku xirka kororka tamarta cusub. Iyada oo loo marayo hababka hawlgalka macquulka ah, oo ay weheliso awoodda kulaylka si loo yareeyo kaarboonka oo loo kordhiyo waxtarka, la yareeyo ka tagista dabaysha iyo iftiinka, kor u qaadista qoondaynta awoodda, iyo hagaajinta dhaqaalaha guud iyo hawlgalka nadiifka ah ee nidaamka oo dhan.
Xoojinta tayaynta iyo isku dhafka ilaha kaabayaasha, iskudubarid badbaadada, tayada iyo maaraynta horumarka 30 mashruuc ee dhismuhu socdo, si xoog leh kor loogu qaado dhismaha makaanikada, xakamaynta caqliga iyo dhismaha halbeegga ah, wanaajinta muddada dhismaha, iyo in la hubiyo in awoodda kaydinta bamka ay dhaafi doonto 20 milyan inta lagu jiro xilliga "Qorshaha shanta sano ee 14aad". kilowatts, iyo awoodda shaqaynaysa ee lagu rakibay waxay ka badan doontaa 70 milyan kilowatts marka la gaaro 2030.
Midda labaad waa in si adag looga shaqeeyo maaraynta caatada ah. Xoojinta hagida qorshaynta, iyada oo udub dhexaad u ah yoolka "dual carbon" iyo hirgelinta istaraatiijiyada shirkadda, diyaarinta tayada sare leh ee qorshaha horumarinta "Shanta Sano ee 14aad" ee kaydinta bamka ah. Si cilmiyeysan u wanaaji hababka shaqada ee hordhaca ah ee mashruuca, oo horay u socodsii daraasadda iyo ansixinta suurtogalnimada mashruuca si habaysan. Diirada saarida badbaadada, tayada, xilliga dhismaha, iyo kharashka, si xoog leh kor loogu qaado maaraynta iyo xakamaynta caqliga leh, dhismaha makaanikada iyo dhismaha cagaaran ee dhismaha injineernimada si loo hubiyo in mashaariicda la dhisayo ay ku gaari karaan faa'iidooyinka sida ugu dhakhsaha badan.
Xooji maaraynta wareegga nolosha ee qalabka, qoto dheer oo cilmi-baarista ku saabsan adeegga korontadu ee cutubyada, kor u qaad istiraatiijiyadda hawlgalka unugyada, oo si buuxda ugu adeegto badbaadada iyo xasilloonida hawlgalka shabakada korantada. Xoojinta maaraynta caatada ah ee dhinacyo badan leh, dardar galinta dhismaha silsilada sahayda casriga ah ee casriga ah, wanaajinta nidaamka maaraynta agabka, si cilmiyeysan u qoondee raasumaalka, agabka, tignoolajiyada, xogta iyo waxyaabaha kale ee wax soo saarka, si xoog leh kor loogu qaado tayada iyo hufnaanta, iyo si dhamaystiran u wanaajiso hufnaanta maamulka iyo hufnaanta hawleed.
Midda saddexaad waa in la raadiyo horumarro xagga hal-abuurnimada tignoolajiyada. Dhaqangelinta qoto dheer ee "Qorshaha Waxqabadka Horu-marinta Cusub ee Cusub" ee hal-abuurka sayniska iyo teknoolajiyada, kordhinta maalgashiga cilmi-baarista sayniska, iyo hagaajinta awoodda hal-abuurnimo madax-bannaan. Kordhi adeegsiga tignoolajiyada unugga xawaaraha doorsooma, xooji cilmi-baarista tignoolajiyada iyo horumarinta 400-megawatt unug awood-weyn leh, la dedejiyo dhismaha shaybaarrada moodada matoorka-mashiinnada iyo shaybaarrada jilitaanka, iyo in la sameeyo dadaal kasta si loo dhiso madal hal-abuurnimo sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada madax-bannaan.
Wanaaji qaabka cilmi-baarista sayniska iyo qoondaynta kheyraadka, xooji cilmi-baarista tiknoolajiyada asaasiga ah ee kaydinta bamka, oo ku dadaal inaad ka gudubto dhibaatada farsamada ee "qoorta ku dheggan". Xooji cilmi baarista ku saabsan adeegsiga tignoolajiyada cusub sida "Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain", si dhameystiran u geyso dhismaha saldhigyada korantada dhijitaalka ah, iyo dardargelinta isbeddelka dhijitaalka ah ee shirkadaha.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-07-2022
