Ajiyar famfo ita ce fasahar da aka fi amfani da ita kuma ta tsufa a manyan wuraren adana makamashi, kuma ƙarfin da aka sanya na tashoshin wutar lantarki na iya kaiwa gigawatts. A halin yanzu, mafi girman ajiya da aka shigar a duniya shine famfo mai amfani da ruwa.
Fasahar ajiya ta famfo tana da girma kuma tana da karko, tare da fa'idodi masu yawa, kuma galibi ana amfani da ita don daidaita kololuwa da kuma adanawa. Ajiyar famfo ita ce fasahar da aka fi amfani da ita kuma ta girma a manyan wuraren adana makamashi, kuma ƙarfin da aka sanya na tashoshin wutar lantarki na iya kaiwa gigawatts.
A bisa ga kididdigar da ba ta cika ba ta Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ma'ajiyar Makamashi na Ƙungiyar Binciken Makamashi ta China, a halin yanzu, ma'ajiyar ruwa mai famfo ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi girma a cikin adana makamashi da aka sanya a duniya. Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, ƙarfin ajiyar makamashin aiki a duniya ya kai kilowatts miliyan 180, kuma ƙarfin ajiyar makamashin da aka sanya a famfo ya wuce kilowatts miliyan 170, wanda ya kai kashi 94% na jimillar ajiyar makamashin da ake da shi a duniya.
Tashoshin wutar lantarki na famfo suna amfani da wutar lantarki da ake samarwa a lokacin ƙarancin nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki don famfo ruwa zuwa wuri mai tsayi don ajiya, da kuma fitar da ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki a lokacin yawan nauyin da ake buƙata. Idan nauyin ya yi ƙasa, tashar wutar lantarki da ake amfani da ita wajen adana wutar lantarki ita ce mai amfani; idan nauyin ya yi yawa, ita ce tashar wutar lantarki.
Na'urar ajiyar ruwa da ake amfani da ita wajen famfo tana da ayyuka guda biyu na asali: famfo ruwa da samar da wutar lantarki. Na'urar tana aiki a matsayin injin turbin ruwa lokacin da nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki ya kai kololuwarta. Ana daidaita buɗewar na'urar turbin ruwa ta hanyar tsarin gwamna, kuma makamashin da ke cikin ruwan zai iya canzawa zuwa makamashin inji na juyawar na'urar, sannan makamashin inji zai koma makamashin lantarki ta hanyar janareta;
Idan nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa, ana amfani da famfon ruwa don famfo ruwa daga ƙaramin magudanar ruwa zuwa babban magudanar ruwa. Ta hanyar daidaita tsarin gwamna ta atomatik, buɗewar van na jagora ana daidaita ta atomatik bisa ga ɗaga famfon, kuma makamashin lantarki yana canzawa zuwa makamashin ruwa kuma ana adana shi.
Tashoshin wutar lantarki na famfo suna da alhakin daidaita kololuwar wutar lantarki, daidaita mita, madadin gaggawa da kuma fara amfani da tsarin wutar lantarki ba tare da izini ba, wanda zai iya inganta da daidaita nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki, inganta ingancin samar da wutar lantarki da fa'idodin tattalin arziki na tsarin wutar lantarki, kuma su ne ginshiƙin tabbatar da aiki mai aminci, tattalin arziki da kwanciyar hankali na layin wutar lantarki. . Ana san tashoshin wutar lantarki na famfo da "masu daidaita wutar lantarki", "masu daidaita wutar lantarki" da "masu daidaita wutar lantarki" a cikin aikin layin wutar lantarki mai aminci.
Yanayin ci gaban tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na famfo a duniya shine babban kai, babban iko da babban gudu. Babban kai yana nufin cewa na'urar ta girma zuwa babban kai, babban iko yana nufin cewa karfin na'ura guda ɗaya yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma babban gudu yana nufin cewa na'urar ta ɗauki babban gudu na musamman.
Tsarin tashar wutar lantarki da halaye
Manyan gine-ginen tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta famfo gabaɗaya sun haɗa da: babban tafki, ƙaramin tafki, tsarin isar da ruwa, wurin aiki da sauran gine-gine na musamman. Idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa na gargajiya, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta famfo yana da manyan halaye kamar haka:
Akwai madatsun ruwa na sama da na ƙasa. Idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da irin wannan ƙarfin da aka sanya, ƙarfin madatsun ruwa na tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka ɗora da famfo yawanci ƙanƙanta ne.
Matsayin ruwan ma'ajiyar yana canzawa sosai kuma yana ƙaruwa da raguwa akai-akai. Domin ɗaukar nauyin aski mai tsayi da kuma cike guraben wutar lantarki a cikin layin wutar lantarki, bambancin yau da kullun na matakin ruwan ma'ajiyar tashar wutar lantarki da aka famfo yawanci yana da girma, gabaɗaya ya wuce mita 10-20, kuma wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki sun kai mita 30-40, kuma saurin canjin matakin ruwan ma'ajiyar yana da sauri, gabaɗaya yana kaiwa 5 ~8m/h, har ma 8 ~10m/h.
Bukatun hana zubewar madatsar ruwa suna da yawa. Idan tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai tsafta ta haifar da asarar ruwa mai yawa saboda zubewar madatsar ruwa ta sama, za a rage samar da wutar lantarki na tashar samar da wutar lantarki. A lokaci guda, domin hana zubewar ruwa daga tabarbarewar yanayin ruwa a yankin aikin, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar zubewar ruwa da kuma zubewar ruwa mai yawa, ana kuma sanya manyan buƙatu kan rigakafin zubewar madatsar ruwa.
Kan ruwa yana da tsayi. Kan tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai famfo gabaɗaya yana da tsayi, galibi mita 200-800. Tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai famfo ta Jixi wacce ke da ƙarfin kilowatts miliyan 1.8 ita ce aikin farko na sashen samar da wutar lantarki mai mita 650 a ƙasarmu, kuma tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai famfo ta Dunhua wacce ke da ƙarfin kilowatts miliyan 1.4 ita ce aikin farko na sashen samar da wutar lantarki mai mita 700 a ƙasarmu. Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar adana wutar lantarki mai famfo, adadin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki masu ƙarfin gaske da manyan ƙarfi a ƙasarmu zai ƙaru.
An sanya na'urar a ƙasan hawa. Domin shawo kan tasirin tururin ruwa da zubewa a kan wutar lantarki, manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da aka gina a gida da waje a cikin 'yan shekarun nan galibi suna amfani da tsarin wutar lantarki na ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko a duniya ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Netra da ke Zurich, Switzerland, wacce aka gina a shekarar 1882. Gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta famfo a China ya fara ne a makare. An kafa na'urar farko mai juyewa ta kwarara a madatsar ruwa ta Gangnan a shekarar 1968. Daga baya, tare da saurin ci gaban masana'antar makamashi ta cikin gida, karfin wutar lantarki ta nukiliya da wutar lantarki ta zafi da aka sanya ya karu da sauri, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ya kasance yana da na'urorin adana wutar lantarki da aka tura.
Tun daga shekarun 1980, China ta fara gina manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na famfo. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da ci gaban tattalin arzikin ƙasata da masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki cikin sauri, ƙasata ta cimma nasarori masu amfani a fannin kimiyya da fasaha a fannin samar da kayan aiki na manyan na'urorin adana wutar lantarki.
Zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 2020, ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki mai famfo da aka sanya a ƙasata ya kai kilowatts miliyan 31.49, ƙaruwar kashi 4.0% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata. A shekarar 2020, ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki mai famfo da aka sanya a ƙasa ya kai kWh biliyan 33.5, ƙaruwar kashi 5.0% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata; ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki mai famfo da aka ƙara a ƙasar ya kai kWh miliyan 1.2. Tashoshin wutar lantarki mai famfo da aka sanya a ƙasata waɗanda ke samarwa da kuma waɗanda ake ginawa suna kan gaba a duniya.
Kamfanin State Grid Corporation na kasar Sin ya daɗe yana mai da hankali sosai kan haɓaka rumbun adana wutar lantarki. A halin yanzu, Kamfanin State Grid yana da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 22 da ake amfani da su wajen adana wutar lantarki da kuma tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda 30 da ake ginawa.
A shekarar 2016, an fara aikin gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda biyar a Zhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, da Fukang na jihar Xinjiang;
A shekarar 2017, an fara aikin gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki guda shida a gundumar Yi ta Hebei, da Zhirui na Mongoliya ta ciki, da Ninghai na Zhejiang, da Jinyun na Zhejiang, da Luoning na Henan da Pingjiang na Hunan;
A shekarar 2019, an fara aikin gina tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyar a Funing a Hebei, Jiaohe a Jilin, Qujiang a Zhejiang, Weifang a Shandong, da Hami a Xinjiang;
A shekarar 2020, za a fara ginin tashoshin wutar lantarki guda hudu a Shanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, da Shandong Tai'an Phase II.
tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko a ƙasarmu mai amfani da famfo mai cikakken kayan aiki. A watan Oktoba na 2011, an kammala tashar samar da wutar lantarki cikin nasara, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙasata ta ƙware a fannin fasahar haɓaka kayan aikin samar da na'urorin ajiyar wutar lantarki.
A watan Afrilun 2013, an fara amfani da tashar wutar lantarki ta Fujian Xianyou a hukumance don samar da wutar lantarki; a watan Afrilun 2016, an haɗa tashar wutar lantarki ta Zhejiang Xianju mai ƙarfin kilowatts 375,000 cikin nasara da grid. Kayan aikin da ke da ikon sarrafa kansu na manyan na'urorin ajiyar wutar lantarki a ƙasata an shahara da su kuma ana ci gaba da amfani da su.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta farko a ƙasarmu mai tsawon mita 700 da aka ɗora a kan famfo. Jimillar ƙarfin da aka sanya shine kilowatts miliyan 1.4. A ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2021, an fara amfani da Raka'a ta 1 don samar da wutar lantarki.
Ana kan gina tashar wutar lantarki mai amfani da famfo wacce ke da mafi girman ƙarfin da aka sanya a duniya. Jimillar ƙarfin da aka sanya shine kilowatts miliyan 3.6.
Ajiyar famfo tana da halaye na asali, cikakke da na jama'a. Tana iya shiga cikin ayyukan tsara sabbin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki, hanyoyin sadarwa, kaya da hanyoyin ajiya, kuma fa'idodin gabaɗaya sun fi mahimmanci. Tana ɗauke da na'urar daidaita wutar lantarki mai aminci, mai daidaita ƙarancin carbon da ingantaccen aiki mai mahimmanci na na'urar sarrafawa mai aiki.
Na farko shine a magance rashin ingantaccen ƙarfin ajiyar wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin shigar da sabon makamashi mai yawa. Tare da fa'idar daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai girma biyu, za mu iya inganta ƙarfin daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai girma, da kuma rage matsalar samar da wutar lantarki mai girma sakamakon rashin daidaiton sabon makamashi da kuma nauyin da ke tattare da magudanar ruwa. Matsalolin amfani da makamashi da babban ci gaban sabon makamashi ya haifar a wannan lokacin na iya inganta amfani da sabon makamashi.
Na biyu shine a magance rashin daidaito tsakanin halayen fitarwa na sabon makamashi da buƙatar kaya yadda ya kamata, ta hanyar dogaro da ikon daidaitawa mai sassauƙa na amsawa cikin sauri, don daidaitawa da bazuwar da canjin sabon makamashi, da kuma biyan buƙatun daidaitawa mai sassauƙa da sabon makamashi ke kawowa "ya danganta da yanayi".
Na uku shine a magance rashin isasshen lokacin inertia na sabon tsarin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin gaske. Tare da fa'idar babban lokacin inertia na janareta mai aiki da wutar lantarki, zai iya haɓaka ƙarfin hana tashin hankali na tsarin yadda ya kamata da kuma kiyaye daidaiton mitar tsarin.
Na huɗu shine a magance tasirin tsaro na yanayin "mai girma biyu" akan sabon tsarin wutar lantarki yadda ya kamata, a ɗauki aikin madadin gaggawa, sannan a mayar da martani ga buƙatun daidaitawa kwatsam a kowane lokaci tare da ikon farawa da sauri da kuma ƙarfin haɓakawa da sauri. A lokaci guda, a matsayin kaya mai katsewa, zai iya cire nauyin da aka ƙima na na'urar famfo cikin aminci tare da amsawar milise seconds, da kuma inganta aikin tsarin cikin aminci da kwanciyar hankali.
Na biyar shine a magance manyan kuɗaɗen daidaitawa da ke tattare da manyan hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo na makamashi. Ta hanyar hanyoyin aiki masu ma'ana, tare da wutar lantarki ta zafi don rage carbon da ƙara inganci, rage watsi da iska da haske, haɓaka rarraba ƙarfin aiki, da inganta tattalin arziki gabaɗaya da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin gaba ɗaya.
Ƙarfafa ingantawa da haɗa albarkatun ababen more rayuwa, daidaita tsaro, inganci da kuma gudanar da ci gaba na ayyuka 30 da ake ginawa, ƙarfafa haɓaka gine-gine na injina, sarrafa hankali da kuma ginawa daidai gwargwado, inganta lokacin ginin, da kuma tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin ajiyar da aka yi amfani da shi zai wuce miliyan 20 a lokacin "Tsarin Shekaru Biyar na 14". kilowatts, da kuma ƙarfin aiki da aka shigar zai wuce kilowatts miliyan 70 nan da shekarar 2030.
Na biyu shine a yi aiki tukuru kan tsarin kula da lafiya. Ƙarfafa jagorar tsare-tsare, mai da hankali kan burin "dual carbon" da aiwatar da dabarun kamfanin, shiri mai inganci na tsarin ci gaban "Shekaru Biyar na 14" don adana famfo. Inganta hanyoyin aikin farko na aikin ta hanyar kimiyya, da kuma haɓaka nazarin yuwuwar aikin da amincewa cikin tsari. Mai da hankali kan aminci, inganci, lokacin gini, da farashi, yana ƙarfafa gudanarwa da kulawa mai hankali, gina injina da gina gine-gine kore na injiniya don tabbatar da cewa ayyukan da ake ginawa za su iya samun fa'idodi da wuri-wuri.
Tsara tsarin sarrafa kayan aiki na tsawon rai, zurfafa bincike kan hidimar layin wutar lantarki na raka'a, inganta dabarun aiki na raka'a, da kuma cikakken hidima ga ingantaccen aiki na layin wutar lantarki. Tsara tsarin sarrafa sassa daban-daban, hanzarta gina sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta zamani, inganta tsarin kula da kayan aiki, ware jari, albarkatu, fasaha, bayanai da sauran abubuwan samarwa a kimiyance, inganta inganci da inganci sosai, da kuma inganta ingantaccen gudanarwa da ingancin aiki gaba daya.
Na uku shine neman ci gaba a fannin kirkire-kirkire na fasaha. Ci gaba da aiwatar da "Sabon Tsarin Aiki na Tsallakewa Gaba" don kirkire-kirkire na kimiyya da fasaha, ƙara saka hannun jari a binciken kimiyya, da inganta ƙwarewar kirkire-kirkire masu zaman kansu. Ƙara amfani da fasahar na'urar saurin canzawa, ƙarfafa bincike da haɓaka fasahar na'urori masu ƙarfin megawatt 400, hanzarta gina dakunan gwaje-gwaje na famfo da injinan kwaikwayo, da kuma yin duk mai yiwuwa don gina dandamalin kirkire-kirkire na kimiyya da fasaha mai zaman kansa.
Inganta tsarin binciken kimiyya da kuma rarraba albarkatu, ƙarfafa bincike kan fasahar adana kayan da aka yi amfani da su a famfo, da kuma ƙoƙarin shawo kan matsalar fasaha ta "maƙalewar wuya". Zurfafa bincike kan amfani da sabbin fasahohi kamar "Babban Sarkar IoT ta Wayar Salula", a yi amfani da cikakken tsarin gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na dijital, da kuma hanzarta sauya fasalin kasuwanci ta hanyar dijital.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-07-2022
