Kuchengetera simba nepombi ndiyo tekinoroji inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakakura mukuchengetedza simba guru, uye kugona kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinogona kusvika magigawatts. Parizvino, nzvimbo yekuchengetera simba yakakura uye yakakura kupfuura dzose pasi rose imvura inopombiwa.
Tekinoroji yekuchengetera zvinhu inopombwa yakura uye yakagadzikana, ine mabhenefiti akawanda, uye inowanzoshandiswa kudzora zvakanyanya uye kuchengetedza simba. Kuchengetera zvinhu inopombwa ndiyo tekinoroji inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakakura mukuchengetedza simba guru, uye kugona kwezviteshi zvemagetsi kunogona kusvika magigawatts.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu husina kukwana hweEnergy Storage Professional Committee yeChina Energy Research Association, pombi yemvura inopumirwa ndiyo nzvimbo yakakura uye yakakura kwazvo yekuchengetera simba pasi rose. Kusvika muna 2019, kugona kwekuchengetedza simba pasi rose kwakasvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi masere emakirowati, uye kugona kwekuchengetedza simba kunopumirwa kwaipfuura mamiriyoni zana nemakumi manomwe emakirowati, zvichiita 94% yenzvimbo yese yekuchengetera simba pasi rose.
Nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinochengeterwa pombi dzinoshandisa magetsi anowanikwa panguva yekurema kushoma kwesimba remagetsi kupomba mvura kuenda kunzvimbo yakakwirira yekuchengetera, uye kuburitsa mvura kuti igadzire magetsi panguva yekurema kwakanyanya. Kana mutoro wakaderera, nzvimbo yemagetsi inopomba ndiyo inoshandisa; kana mutoro wakanyanya, ndiyo nzvimbo yemagetsi.
Chigadziko chekuchengetera mvura chine mabasa maviri ekutanga: kupomba mvura uye kugadzira magetsi. Chigadziko ichi chinoshanda seturbine yemvura kana mutoro wesystem yemagetsi wasvika pakakwirira. Kuvhurwa kweguide vane yeturbine yemvura kunogadziriswa kuburikidza nesystem yegovernor, uye simba rinogona kuwanikwa remvura rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi rekutenderera kweyuniti, uye ipapo simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi kuburikidza nejenareta;
Kana mutoro wesimba remagetsi wakaderera, pombi yemvura inoshandiswa kupomba mvura kubva mudura repasi kuenda kudura repamusoro. Kuburikidza nekugadzirisa otomatiki kwesimba remagetsi, kuvhura kwevane yekutungamira kunogadziriswa otomatiki zvichienderana nekusimudza pombi, uye simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita simba remvura uye rinochengetwa.
Nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakuchengetera magetsi dzinonyanya kukonzera kudzorwa kwemagetsi, kudzorwa kwema frequency, emergency backup uye black start yesimba remagetsi, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza nekudzikamisa mutoro wesimba remagetsi, kuvandudza mhando yemagetsi uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi esimba remagetsi, uye ndiwo musimboti wekuona kushanda kwakachengeteka, kusina mari yakawanda uye kwakagadzikana kwegrid remagetsi. . Nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakuchengetera magetsi dzinozivikanwa se "stabilizers", "regulators" uye "balancers" mukushanda kwakachengeteka kwemagrid emagetsi.
Mafambiro ekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakuchengetera zvinhu pasi rose ndeekuti dzinoshandisa simba guru, simba guru uye kumhanya zvakanyanya. Simba guru rinoreva kuti mudziyo unosvika padanho repamusoro, simba guru rinoreva kuti simba remudziyo mumwe chete riri kuramba richikwira, uye kumhanya kukuru zvinoreva kuti mudziyo unomhanya nekukurumidza zvakanyanya.
Chimiro chechiteshi chemagetsi uye hunhu hwacho
Zvivako zvikuru zvechiteshi chemagetsi chekuchengetera pombi zvinowanzo sanganisira: dziva repamusoro, dziva repasi, sisitimu yekuendesa mvura, nzvimbo yekushandira pamwe nezvimwe zvivakwa zvakakosha. Zvichienzaniswa nezviteshi zvemagetsi zvenguva dzose, zvivakwa zvehydraulic zvezviteshi zvemagetsi zvekuchengetera pombi zvine hunhu hukuru hunotevera:
Kune matangi emvura epamusoro neapasi. Kana tichienzanisa nenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzemvura dzakajairika dzine simba rakafanana, simba rematangi emagetsi anopombwa rinowanzova diki.
Huwandu hwemvura mudura rinochinja-chinja zvikuru uye rinokwira nekudzika kakawanda. Kuti vaite basa rekugera nekuzadza mupata mugrid remagetsi, kuchinja kwezuva nezuva kwehuwandu hwemvura mudura remagetsi epombi kunowanzova kwakakura, kazhinji kunodarika mamita 10-20, uye mamwe magweta emagetsi anosvika mamita 30-40, uye mwero wekuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura mudura unokurumidza, kazhinji uchisvika 5 ~ 8m/h, uye kunyange 8 ~ 10m/h.
Zvinodiwa pakudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura mudura remvura zvakanyanya. Kana nzvimbo yemagetsi inopombwa yakachena ikakonzera kurasikirwa kwemvura yakawanda nekuda kwekuyerera kwemvura mudura remvura repamusoro, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi edura remvura kuchaderedzwa. Panguva imwe chete, kuitira kudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura kubva pakushata kwemamiriro emvura munzvimbo yepurojekiti, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwemvura uye kuyerera kwakasimba, zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvinoiswawo pakudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura mudura remvura.
Musoro wemvura wakakwirira. Musoro wechiteshi chemagetsi chinopombwa kazhinji wakareba, kazhinji 200-800 metres. Chiteshi chemagetsi chinopombwa cheJixi chine simba remakilowatts miriyoni 1.8 ndicho chirongwa chekutanga chechikamu chemusoro che650-mita munyika yangu, uye chiteshi chemagetsi chinopombwa cheDunhua chine simba remakilowatts miriyoni 1.4 ndicho chirongwa chekutanga chechikamu chemusoro che700-mita munyika yangu. Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwetekinoroji yekuchengetera inopombwa, huwandu hwenzvimbo dzemagetsi dzine simba guru munyika yangu huchawedzera.
Chigadzirwa ichi chakaiswa panzvimbo yakaderera. Kuti chikunde simba rekuyerera kwemvura uye kudonha kwemvura panzvimbo yemagetsi, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvakakura zvinochengeterwa mvura zvakavakwa munyika nekune dzimwe nyika mumakore achangopfuura zvinonyanya kushandisa chimiro chemagetsi ari pasi pevhu.
Nzvimbo yekutanga pasi rose yekuchengetera magetsi inopombwa inonzi Netra pumped-storage power station iri muZurich, Switzerland, yakavakwa muna 1882. Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera magetsi inopombwa muChina kwakatanga kunonoka. Chikamu chekutanga chinodzoreredzwa nemhepo chinotenderera chakaiswa muGangnan Reservoir muna 1968. Gare gare, nekukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yesimba remuno, simba remagetsi enyukireya nekupisa rakawedzera nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti sisitimu yemagetsi ive nezvikamu zvekuchengetera zvinopombwa zvinoenderana nazvo.
Kubva kuma1980, China yakatanga kuvaka zvine simba zviteshi zvemagetsi zvinochengeterwa pombi. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukura nekukurumidza kwehupfumi hwenyika yangu neindasitiri yemagetsi, nyika yangu yakawana kubudirira kwesainzi netekinoroji mukuzvitonga kwemidziyo yemidziyo mikuru inochengeterwa pombi.
Pakupera kwegore ra2020, simba rekugadzira magetsi munyika yangu raive 31.49 miriyoni kilowatts, kuwedzera kwe4.0% kupfuura gore rapfuura. Muna 2020, simba rekugadzira magetsi munyika yese raive 33.5 bhiriyoni kWh, kuwedzera kwe5.0% kupfuura gore rapfuura; simba rekugadzira magetsi matsva munyika rese raive 1.2 miriyoni kWh. Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvenyika yangu zviri kugadzirwa uye zviri kuvakwa zviri pamberi penyika.
Kambani yeState Grid Corporation yekuChina yagara ichikoshesa zvikuru kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu inopombwa. Parizvino, State Grid ine nzvimbo makumi maviri nembiri dzekuchengetera zvinhu inopombwa dziri kushanda uye nzvimbo makumi matatu dzekuchengetera zvinhu inopombwa dziri kuvakwa.
Muna 2016, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvishanu zvepombi muZhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, uye Fukang, Xinjiang yakatanga;
Muna 2017, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvitanhatu zvepombi-kuchengetedza magetsi muYi County yeHebei, Zhirui yeInner Mongolia, Ninghai yeZhejiang, Jinyun yeZhejiang, Luoning yeHenan uye Pingjiang yeHunan yakatanga;
Muna 2019, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvishanu zvepombi muFuning muHebei, Jiaohe muJilin, Qujiang muZhejiang, Weifang muShandong, uye Hami muXinjiang yakatanga;
Muna 2020, zviteshi zvina zvemapombi ekuchengetera magetsi muShanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, uye Shandong Tai'an Phase II zvichatanga kuvaka.
Nzvimbo yekutanga yekuchengetera magetsi inopombwa munyika yangu ine michina inoshanda yoga. Muna Gumiguru 2011, nzvimbo iyi yemagetsi yakapedzwa zvinobudirira, zvichiratidza kuti nyika yangu yakabudirira kudzidzira tekinoroji huru yekugadzira michina yekuchengetera magetsi inopombwa.
Muna Kubvumbi 2013, Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station yakatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo kuti igadzire magetsi; muna Kubvumbi 2016, Zhejiang Xianju Pumped Storage Power Station ine simba remakilowatts 375,000 yakabatanidzwa zvakanaka kugrid. Midziyo inongozvishandira yega yemayuniti makuru ekuchengetera anopombwa munyika yangu yagara ichifarirwa uye ichishandiswa nguva dzose.
Chiteshi chekutanga chemagetsi chenyika yangu chine hurefu hwemamita 700 chinopombwa nemusoro. Huwandu hwese hwacho hunosvika mamiriyoni 1.4 emawatts. Musi wa4 Chikumi 2021, Unit 1 yakatanga kushanda kugadzira magetsi.
Nzvimbo yemagetsi inochengeterwa magetsi ine simba guru kupfuura dzimwe dzose pasi rose iri kuvakwa parizvino. Simba rose rakaiswa rinosvika mamiriyoni 3.6 emawatts.
Kuchengetera pombi kune hunhu hwekutanga, hwakazara uye hweveruzhinji. Inogona kutora chikamu mumabasa ekutonga esimba idzva, network, mutoro uye malink ekuchengetera, uye mabhenefiti akazara akakosha. Inotakura simba rekuchengetedza system yemagetsi, balancer yakachena ine kabhoni shoma uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Basa rakakosha remutongi anoshanda.
Chekutanga ndechekugadzirisa zvinobudirira kushomeka kwesimba rekuchengetedza rakavimbika remagetsi pasi pekupinda kwesimba idzva. Nekubatsira kwekutonga kwesimba repamusoro-soro kaviri, tinogona kuvandudza kugona kwesimba repamusoro-soro remagetsi, uye kuderedza dambudziko rekupa simba repamusoro-soro rinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwesimba idzva uye mutoro wepamusoro-soro unokonzerwa negomba. Matambudziko ekushandiswa anokonzerwa nekukura kwesimba idzva munguva ino anogona kukurudzira zviri nani kushandiswa kwesimba idzva.
Chechipiri ndechekugadzirisa zvinobudirira kusawirirana pakati pehunhu hwesimba idzva rinobuda uye kudiwa kwemutoro, tichivimba nekugona kugadzirisa kunochinjika kwemhinduro nekukurumidza, kugadzirisa zviri nani kusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana kwesimba idzva, uye kusangana nekudiwa kwekugadzirisa kunochinjika kunounzwa nesimba idzva "zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze".
Chechitatu ndechekugadzirisa zvinobudirira nguva isina kukwana yekusashanda zvakanaka kwesimba idzva remagetsi. Nekubatsirwa kwesimba rakawanda rejenareta rinobatanidza, rinogona kusimudzira kugona kwesimba rekudzivirira kukanganiswa uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwema frequency ehurongwa.
Chechina ndechekugadzirisa zvinobudirira kukanganiswa kwe "double-high" form pamagetsi matsva, kutora basa rekuchengetedza emergency, uye kupindura kune zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa kamwe kamwe chero nguva nekukasira kutanga-kumisa uye kugona kukurumidza kumhanyisa simba. Panguva imwe chete, semutoro unodzimwa, inogona kubvisa mutoro wakayerwa weyuniti yekupomba zvakachengeteka ne millisecond response, uye kugadzirisa mashandiro akachengeteka uye akagadzikana ehurongwa.
Chechishanu ndechekugadzirisa zvinobudirira mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa inounzwa nekubatanidza grid itsva yesimba guru. Kuburikidza nenzira dzinoshanda zvakanaka, pamwe chete nesimba rekupisa kuderedza kabhoni nekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza kusiiwa kwemhepo nechiedza, kukurudzira kugoverwa kwesimba, uye kuvandudza hupfumi hwese uye kushanda kwakachena kwehurongwa hwese.
Simbisai kugadziriswa uye kubatanidzwa kwezviwanikwa zvezvivakwa, kuronga kuchengetedzeka, hunhu uye kufambira mberi kwemapurojekiti makumi matatu ari kuvakwa, kukurudzira nesimba kuvaka nemashini, kutonga kwakangwara uye kuvaka kwakarongeka, kugadzirisa nguva yekuvaka, uye kuona kuti kugona kwekuchengetedza kwakapombwa kuchapfuura mamiriyoni makumi maviri panguva ye "Chirongwa chemakore mashanu chegumi nemana" makilowatts, uye kugona kwekushandisa kwakaiswa kuchapfuura mamiriyoni makumi manomwe emakilowatts panosvika gore ra2030.
Chechipiri ndechekushanda nesimba pakutarisira zvinhu zvisina tsarukano. Kusimbisa gwara rekuronga, richitarisa pachinangwa che "dual carbon" uye kushandiswa kwehurongwa hwekambani, kugadzirira kwemhando yepamusoro kwechirongwa che "14th Five-Year" chekugadzira zvinhu zvinochengetwa nepombi. Kugadzirisa nesainzi maitiro ekutanga ebasa reprojekiti, uye kufambisa mberi kudzidza kwekugoneka kweprojekiti nekubvumidzwa kwayo nenzira yakarongeka. Kutarisa pakuchengetedza, mhando, nguva yekuvaka, uye mutengo, kukurudzira nesimba manejimendi nekutonga zvine hungwaru, kuvaka nemashini uye kuvaka kweinjiniya zvine girini kuitira kuti mapurojekiti ari kuvakwa awane mabhenefiti nekukurumidza.
Wedzerai kutarisirwa kwemidziyo muhupenyu hwese, wedzerai kutsvagurudza nezvebasa remagetsi emagetsi emayuniti, gadzirisai nzira yekushanda kwemayuniti, uye shandirai zvizere mashandiro akachengeteka uye akagadzikana emagetsi emagetsi. Wedzerai kutarisirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kukurumidzisai kuvaka cheni yemazuva ano yekugovera zvinhu, kuvandudza sisitimu yekutarisira zvinhu, goverai mari nesainzi, zviwanikwa, tekinoroji, data nezvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira, vandudzai zvine simba mhando nekushanda zvakanaka, uye vandudzai zvakakwana kushanda zvakanaka kwekutonga nekushanda zvakanaka.
Chechitatu ndechekutsvaga budiriro mukuvandudza tekinoroji. Kuitwa kwakadzama kwe "New Leap Forward Action Plan" yekuvandudza kwesainzi nehunyanzvi, kuwedzera mari mukutsvaga kwesainzi, uye kuvandudza kugona kwekuvandudza kwakazvimirira. Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekuchinja-chinja mayuniti, kusimbisa kutsvagisa kwetekinoroji nekugadzirwa kwemayuniti ane simba guru re400-megawatt, kukurumidzisa kuvakwa kwema laboratories emhando yepombi-turbine uye ma laboratories ekufananidza, uye kuita zvese zvinobvira kuvaka puratifomu yekuvandudza yesainzi nehunyanzvi yakazvimirira.
Gadzirisa marongerwo ekutsvaga kwesainzi uye kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa, simbisa tsvakiridzo pamusoro petekinoroji huru yekuchengetera zvinhu zvinopombwa, uye edza kukunda dambudziko rehunyanzvi re "stuck neck". Wedzera tsvakiridzo pamusoro pekushandiswa kwetekinoroji itsva dzakadai se "Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain", shandisa zvizere kuvaka zviteshi zvemagetsi zvedhijitari, uye mhanyisa kushandurwa kwedhijitari kwemabhizinesi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-07-2022
