Munzizi dzechisikigo, mvura inoyerera ichibva kumusoro ichienda kuzasi yakasanganiswa nesediment, uye kazhinji inosuka mubhedha werwizi uye nemateru emabhangi, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kune huwandu hwesimba hwakavigwa mumvura. Pasi pemamiriro echisikigo, simba iri rinogona kupedzwa mukukwesha, kusunda sediment uye kukunda frictional resistance. Kana tikavaka zvimwe zvivako uye tikaisa zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti mvura irambe ichiyerera kuburikidza ne turbine yemvura, iyo turbine yemvura inotungamirirwa nemhepo yemvura, semhepo yemhepo, inogona kutenderera nguva dzose, uye simba remvura richashandurwa kuva magetsi emagetsi. Kana iyo turbine yemvura ichityaira jenareta kuti itenderere pamwechete, inogona kugadzira magetsi, uye simba remvura rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi. Uyu ndiwo musimboti wekutanga wekugadzira magetsi emagetsi. Maturbine emvura uye majenareta ndiwo akanyanya kukosha midziyo yekugadzira magetsi emagetsi. Rega ndikupe sumo pfupi yeruzivo rudiki pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi.
1. Hydropower uye mvura inoyerera simba
Mukugadzirwa kwechiteshi chemagetsi emvura, kuti uone chiyero chechiteshi chemagetsi, zvinodikanwa kuziva huwandu hwekugadzira magetsi kwechiteshi chemagetsi. Zvinoenderana nemisimboti yekugadzira magetsi emagetsi emvura, hazvina kuoma kuona kuti simba rekugadzira simba rechiteshi chemagetsi rinotariswa nehuwandu hwebasa rinogona kuitwa neazvino. Tinodaidza basa rose iro mvura inogona kuita mune imwe nguva yenguva sesimba remvura, uye basa rinogona kuitwa muchikamu chenguva (yechipiri) inonzi simba rezvino. Zviripachena, kukura kwesimba rekuyerera kwemvura, ndiko kukura kwesimba rekugadzira magetsi rechiteshi chemagetsi. Naizvozvo, kuti tizive simba rekugadzira simba rechiteshi chemagetsi, tinofanira kutanga taverenga simba rekuyerera kwemvura. Simba rekuyerera kwemvura murwizi rinogona kuverengerwa nenzira iyi, tichifunga kuti kudonha kwemvura mune chimwe chikamu cherwizi H (mamita), uye huwandu hwemvura hweH hunopfuura nepakati perwizi muchikamu chenguva (sekondi) ndeye Q (cubic metres/second), ipapo kuyerera Simba rechikamu rakaenzana nechigadzirwa chehuremu hwemvura uye kudonha. Zviripachena, kukwira kwemvura kudonha, kunowedzera kuyerera, uye kukura kwesimba rekuyerera kwemvura.
2. Kubuda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura
Pasi pemumwe musoro uye kuyerera, magetsi anogona kugadzirwa nehydropower anodaidzwa kuti hydropower kubuda. Zviripachena, simba rekubuda rinoenderana nesimba rekuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza neturbine. Muchiito chekushandura simba remvura kuita simba remagetsi, mvura inofanira kukunda kupikisa kwenzizi kana zvivakwa munzira kubva kumusoro kusvika zasi. Maturbine emvura, majenareta, uye midziyo yekutapurirana inofanirawo kukunda kupikisa kwakawanda panguva yebasa. Kuti akunde kushorwa, basa rinofanira kuitwa, uye simba rekuyerera kwemvura richapedzwa, izvo zvisingadzivisiki. Nokudaro, simba rekuyerera kwemvura rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira magetsi iduku kudarika kukosha kunowanikwa nemaitiro, kureva kuti, kubuda kwechiteshi chemagetsi kunofanira kuenzana nemagetsi emvura inoyerera ichiwedzerwa nechinhu chisingasviki 1. Iyi coefficient inonziwo kushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi.
Iko kukosha kwekushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi chehydropower kune hukama nehuwandu hwekurasikirwa kwesimba kunoitika kana mvura ichiyerera nemuchivako uye turbine yemvura, midziyo yekufambisa, jenareta, nezvimwewo, kurasikirwa kukuru, kuderera kwekuita. Muchiteshi chidiki chemagetsi emagetsi, huwandu hwekurasikirwa uku hunoita 25-40% yesimba rekuyerera kwemvura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kuyerera kwemvura kunogona kubudisa 100 kilowatts yemagetsi inopinda muchiteshi chemvura, uye jenereta inogona kungoita 60 kusvika ku75 kilowatts yemagetsi, saka kushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi Icho chakaenzana ne60 ~ 75%.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva musumo yapfuura kuti kana chiyero chekuyerera kwechiteshi chemagetsi uye musiyano wehuwandu hwemvura zvisingaperi, kubuda kwesimba kwechiteshi chemagetsi kunoenderana nekushanda. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti pamusoro pekuita kwema hydraulic turbines, majenareta nemidziyo yekufambisa, zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushanda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, semhando yekuvaka kwezvivakwa uye kuisirwa kwemidziyo, kunaka kwekushanda uye manejimendi, uye kana dhizaini yechiteshi chemagetsi inoenderana, zvese zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi. Ehezve, zvimwe zveizvi zvinofurira zvinhu ndezvekutanga uye zvimwe ndezvechipiri, uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, ekutanga uye echipiri zvinhu zvinozochinja kuita chimwe nechimwe.
Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti chii chiri chikonzero chacho, chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti vanhu havasi zvinhu, michina inodzorwa nevanhu, uye teknolojia inodzorwa nepfungwa. Naizvozvo, mukugadzira, kuvaka uye kusarudzwa kwemidziyo yezviteshi zvemagetsi emvura, zvinodikanwa kupa mutambo wakazara kune chinzvimbo chevanhu, uye kuyedza kuita hunyanzvi mune tekinoroji kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwesimba rekuyerera kwemvura zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Izvi ndezvezvimwe zviteshi zvemagetsi emvura apo mvura inodonha pachayo inenge yakadzikira. Zvinonyanya kukosha. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofanirwa kunyatso simbisa mashandiro uye manejimendi emagetsi emagetsi emvura, kuitira kuvandudza kushanda kwezviteshi zvemagetsi, kushandisa zvizere zviwanikwa zvemvura, uye kugonesa zviteshi zvidiki zvemagetsi kuita basa rakakura.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-09-2021
