M'mitsinje yachilengedwe, madzi amayenda kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumtunda wosakanikirana ndi dothi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsuka mtsinje wa mtsinje ndi madera otsetsereka, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti pali mphamvu inayake yobisika m'madzi. Pansi pa chilengedwe, mphamvu yotheka imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popukuta, kukankhira zinyalala ndikugonjetsa kukana kukangana. Ngati timanga nyumba zina ndikuyika zida zofunika kuti madzi aziyenda mokhazikika kudzera mu makina opangira madzi, makina opangira madzi adzayendetsedwa ndi madzi, monga mphepo yamkuntho, yomwe imatha kuzungulira mosalekeza, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi idzasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu zamakina. Pamene turbine yamadzi imayendetsa jenereta kuti izungulira pamodzi, imatha kupanga magetsi, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi imasandulika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Iyi ndiye mfundo yayikulu yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi pamadzi. Ma turbine amadzi ndi ma jenereta ndiye zida zofunika kwambiri zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ndiroleni ndikufotokozereni mwachidule za chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
1. Mphamvu ya hydropower ndi madzi oyenda
Popanga malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, kuti mudziwe kukula kwa malo opangira magetsi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi. Malingana ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zopangira magetsi opangira magetsi, sizovuta kuona kuti mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zingathe kuchitidwa ndi panopa. Timatcha ntchito yonse yomwe madzi amatha kuchita mu nthawi inayake ngati mphamvu ya madzi, ndipo ntchito yomwe ingatheke panthawi imodzi (yachiwiri) imatchedwa mphamvu yamakono. Mwachiwonekere, mphamvu yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri, m'pamenenso mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi. Choncho, kuti tidziwe mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi, choyamba tiyenera kuwerengera mphamvu yoyendetsera madzi. Mphamvu yamadzi mumtsinje imatha kuwerengedwa motere, poganiza kuti kutsika kwamadzi m'gawo lina la mtsinje ndi H (mamita), ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi a H kudutsa pagawo la mtsinje mu nthawi ya unit (masekondi) ndi Q (ma kiyubiki mita / sekondi), ndiye kutuluka Mphamvu ya gawo ndi yofanana ndi kulemera kwa madzi ndi dontho. Mwachiwonekere, pamene madzi akutsika kwambiri, amathamanga kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri.
2. Kutulutsa kwa malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi
Pansi pa mutu wina ndikuyenda, magetsi omwe malo opangira magetsi amadzi amatchedwa hydropower output. Mwachiwonekere, mphamvu yotulutsa imadalira mphamvu ya madzi oyenda kudzera mu turbine. Posintha mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, madzi amayenera kuthana ndi kukana kwa mitsinje kapena nyumba zomwe zili panjira kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumunsi kwa mtsinje. Ma turbine amadzi, ma jenereta, ndi zida zotumizira zimayeneranso kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri panthawi yantchito. Pofuna kuthana ndi kukana, ntchito iyenera kuchitidwa, ndipo mphamvu yothamanga madzi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe sizingatheke. Choncho, mphamvu yoyendetsa madzi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga magetsi ndi yaying'ono kusiyana ndi mtengo womwe umapezeka ndi ndondomekoyi, kutanthauza kuti, kutuluka kwa malo opangira magetsi kumayenera kukhala kofanana ndi mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imachulukitsidwa ndi chinthu chochepa kuposa 1. Coefficient iyi imatchedwanso mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi.
Kufunika kwapadera kwa mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika pamene madzi akuyenda m'nyumba ndi makina opangira madzi, zipangizo zotumizira, jenereta, ndi zina zotero, kutayika kwakukulu, kumachepetsa mphamvu. Pamalo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, kuchuluka kwa zotayikazi kumatenga pafupifupi 25-40% ya mphamvu yakuyenda kwamadzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kutuluka kwa madzi komwe kungathe kupanga ma kilowatts 100 a magetsi kumalowa mu siteshoni ya hydropower, ndipo jenereta imatha kupanga 60 mpaka 75 kilowatts ya magetsi, kotero kuti mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi ndi ofanana ndi 60 ~ 75%.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku chiyambi cham'mbuyomu kuti pamene mphamvu yothamanga ya siteshoni yamagetsi ndi kusiyana kwa mlingo wa madzi kumakhala kosalekeza, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imadalira mphamvu. Zochita zatsimikizira kuti kuwonjezera pa magwiridwe antchito a ma hydraulic turbines, ma jenereta ndi zida zotumizira, zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, monga mtundu wa zomangamanga ndi kuyika zida, momwe magwiridwe antchito ndi kasamalidwe, komanso ngati kapangidwe ka malo opangira magetsi a hydropower ndi olondola, ndizinthu zonse zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi. Zoonadi, zina mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudza izi ndizoyamba ndipo zina ndizochiwiri, ndipo pansi pazifukwa zina, zinthu zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri zidzasinthanso.
Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za chimene chiri, chinthu chachikulu n’chakuti anthu si zinthu, makina amalamuliridwa ndi anthu, ndipo luso lazopangapanga limayang’aniridwa ndi maganizo. Chifukwa chake, pakupanga, kumanga ndi kusankha zida za malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kwathunthu gawo la anthu, ndikuyesetsa kuchita bwino paukadaulo kuti muchepetse kutaya mphamvu kwamadzi oyenda momwe mungathere. Izi ndi za malo ena opangira magetsi opangira madzi pomwe madzi akutsika okha. Ndikofunikira makamaka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa bwino ntchito ndi kuyang'anira malo opangira magetsi, kuti malo opangira magetsi azikhala bwino, agwiritse ntchito bwino madzi, komanso kuti malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi azitha kugwira ntchito yaikulu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-09-2021
