Nchekwa mgbapụta bụ teknụzụ kachasị eji eme ihe na teknụzụ tozuru oke na nchekwa ike dị ukwuu, yana ikike arụnyere nke ọdụ ọkụ nwere ike iru gigawatts. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nchekwa nchekwa ike kachasị tozuru oke na nke kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa bụ mmiri mmiri.
Teknụzụ nchekwa na-agbapụta agbagoro tozuru oke ma kwụsie ike, nwere uru zuru oke, a na-ejikwa ya maka nhazi kacha elu na nkwado ndabere. Nchekwa mgbapụta bụ teknụzụ kachasị eji eme ihe na teknụzụ tozuru oke na nchekwa ike dị ukwuu, yana ikike arụnyere nke ọdụ ọkụ nwere ike iru gigawatts.
Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu nke kọmitii ọkachamara nchekwa nchekwa ike nke China Energy Research Association si kwuo, pumped hydro bụ ugbu a kacha tozuru okè na nke kachasị arụnyere nchekwa ike n'ụwa. Dị ka nke 2019, ikike nchekwa ike ọrụ nke ụwa ruru nde kilowatt 180, na ike arụnyere nke ike nchekwa mgbapụta karịrị 170 nde kilowatts, na-aza 94% nke mkpokọta nchekwa ike ụwa.
Ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji ọkụ eletrik emepụtara n'oge obere ibu nke usoro ike na-agbanye mmiri n'ebe dị elu maka nchekwa, na ịhapụ mmiri iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik n'oge oge ibu dị elu. Mgbe ibu dị ala, ebe nchekwa nchekwa mgbapụta bụ onye ọrụ; mgbe ibu dị elu, ọ bụ ike ọkụ.
Ụlọ nchekwa a na-agbapụta nwere ọrụ abụọ bụ isi: ịkwanye mmiri na ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik. Ngalaba ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka turbine mmiri mgbe ibu nke usoro ike dị na elu ya. The oghere nke ndu vane nke mmiri turbine na-gbanwee site gọvanọ usoro, na ike ike nke mmiri na-converted n'ime n'ibu ike nke unit adiana, na mgbe ahụ n'ibu ike na-converted n'ime ọkụ eletrik site generator;
Mgbe ibu nke usoro ike dị ala, a na-eji mgbapụta mmiri na-agbapụta mmiri site na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala gaa n'elu. Site na ngbanwe akpaaka nke usoro gọvanọ, a na-emezi oghere ụzọ vane na-akpaghị aka dị ka mgbapụta mgbapụta, na ike eletrik na-agbanwe n'ime ike ike mmiri ma chekwaa ya. .
Ebe nchekwa ọkụ na-agbapụta agbagoro na-ahụ maka nhazi kachasị elu, iwu ugboro ugboro, nkwado ndabere na mpaghara mberede na mmalite ojii nke sistemụ ike, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ma dozie ibu nke sistemu ike, melite ogo ọkọnọ ike na uru akụ na ụba nke sistemu ike, yana bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ iji hụ na ọrụ nchekwa, akụ na ụba na kwụsie ike nke grid ike. . A na-akpọ ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ dị ka "ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa", "ndị na-achịkwa" na "balancers" na ọrụ nchekwa nke grids ọkụ.
Usoro mmepe nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-agbapụta ụwa bụ isi dị elu, nnukwu ikike na oke ọsọ. Isi elu pụtara na unit ahụ na-etolite n'isi dị elu, nnukwu ikike pụtara na ikike nke otu unit na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye, na nnukwu ọsọ pụtara na unit ahụ na-anakọta ọsọ ọsọ dị elu.
Ọdịdị ọdụ ike na njirimara
Ụlọ ndị bụ isi nke ebe nchekwa ọkụ na-agbapụta n'ozuzu gụnyere: ọdọ mmiri dị elu, ebe nchekwa ala, usoro nnyefe mmiri, ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche. E jiri ya tụnyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri hydropower ndị a na-ahụkarị, ihe arụrụ arụ hydraulic nke ọdụ nchekwa ọkụ nwere ihe ndị a bụ isi:
Enwere ọdọ mmiri dị elu na nke ala. E jiri ya tụnyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mmiri a na-ejikarị nwere otu ikike arụnyere, ikike nchekwa mmiri nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe ọkụ na-adịkarị obere.
Ọkwa mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri na-agbanwe nke ukwuu ma na-ebili ma daa ugboro ugboro. Iji bido ọrụ nke nchacha kacha elu na ndagwurugwu na-ejuputa na grid ike, mgbanwe kwa ụbọchị nke ọkwa mmiri mmiri nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe ọkụ na-abụkarị nnukwu ibu, n'ozuzu ya na-agafe mita 10-20, na ụfọdụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu ruru mita 30-40, na ọnụego mgbanwe nke ọkwa mmiri mmiri na-adị ngwa ngwa, n'ozuzu na-erute 8m / h ~ 8m / h.
Ihe mgbochi mgbochi mmiri mmiri dị elu. Ọ bụrụ na ebe nchekwa nchekwa dị ọcha na-eme ka mmiri dị ukwuu na-efunahụ ya n'ihi nkwụsị nke mmiri dị n'elu, a ga-ebelata ike ike nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. N'otu oge ahụ, iji gbochie nsị mmiri site na ọnọdụ hydrogeological na-emebi emebi na mpaghara ọrụ ahụ, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu, a na-etinyekwa ihe ndị dị elu na mgbochi mmiri mmiri.
Isi mmiri dị elu. Isi nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri a na-agbapụta ọkụ na-adịkarị elu, ọkachasị 200-800 mita. Ebe a na-echekwa ọkụ nke Jixi na-arụ ọrụ nke ruru nde kilowatt 1.8 bụ ọrụ ngalaba isi nke mita 650 nke mbụ nke obodo m, yana ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Dunhua nke nwere ike arụnyere nde kilowatt 1.4 bụ ọrụ ngalaba isi 700-mita mbụ nke obodo m. Site na mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke teknụzụ nchekwa mgbapụta, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isi ụlọ ọrụ ike dị elu na mba m ga-abawanye.
A na-etinye unit ahụ na elu dị ala. Iji merie mmetụta nke ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ, nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe ọkụ nke e wuru n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na-ejikarị ụdị ụlọ ọkụ dị n'okpuru ala.
Ebe a na-ebunye ọkụ ọkụ nke mbụ n'ụwa bụ ebe nchekwa nchekwa Netra dị na Zurich, Switzerland, nke e wuru na 1882. Owuwu ebe a na-ebunye ọkụ na China malitere obere oge. The mbụ oblique eruba reversible unit arụnyere na Gangnan Reservoir na 1968. Mgbe e mesịrị, na ngwa ngwa mmepe nke anụ ụlọ ọrụ ike, arụnyere ike nke nuklia ike na thermal ike mụbara ngwa ngwa, na-achọ ka usoro ike na-onwem na kwekọrọ ekwekọ pumped nchekwa nkeji.
Kemgbe 1980s, China amalitela ịrụsi ọrụ ike na-arụ nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe ọkụ. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke akụ na ụba obodo m na ụlọ ọrụ ike, obodo m enwetawo ọganihu sayensị na nkà na ụzụ na-amịpụta mkpụrụ na ikike akụrụngwa nke nnukwu nchekwa nchekwa.
Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2020, ikike arụnyere obodo m nke nrụpụta ike nchekwa ọkụ bụ 31.49 nde kilowatts, mmụba nke 4.0% karịa afọ gara aga. N'afọ 2020, ikike nrụpụta ike nchekwa nchekwa nke mba dị ijeri 33.5 kWh, mmụba nke 5.0% karịa afọ gara aga; ikike nrụpụta ọkụ na-ebunye ọkụ n'obodo ahụ bụ nde kWh 1.2. Ebe a na-ebunye ọkụ nke obodo m ma nke a na-emepụta na nke a na-arụ bụ nke mbụ n'ụwa.
Ụlọ ọrụ State Grid nke China na-etinyekarị mkpa dị ukwuu na mmepe nke nchekwa mgbapụta. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, State Grid nwere ọdụ ọkụ 22 na-ebufe ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ yana ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 30 na-ebunye ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ.
N'afọ 2016, a malitere ịrụ ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ọkụ ise na Zhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, na Fukang, Xinjiang;
Na 2017, owuwu nke ebe nchekwa nchekwa isii na Yi County nke Hebei, Zhirui nke Inner Mongolia, Ninghai nke Zhejiang, Jinyun nke Zhejiang, Luoning nke Henan na Pingjiang nke Hunan malitere;
N'afọ 2019, a malitere ịrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ise na-ebufe ọkụ na Funing na Hebei, Jiaohe na Jilin, Qujiang na Zhejiang, Weifang na Shandong, na Hami na Xinjiang;
Na 2020, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri anọ na-ebunye ọkụ na Shanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, na Shandong Tai'an Phase II ga-amalite iwu.
Ọdụm nchekwa nchekwa ọkụ mbụ nke obodo m nwere akụrụngwa nke kwụụrụ onwe ya nke ọma. N'October 2011, a rụchara ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ahụ nke ọma, na-egosi na obodo m enweela nke ọma na teknụzụ bụ isi nke mmepe akụrụngwa nchekwa ihe mgbapụta.
N'April 2013, Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station etinyere n'ọrụ maka mmepụta ọkụ; na April 2016, Zhejiang Xianju Pumped Nchekwa Ike ọdụ na a unit ikike nke 375,000 kilowatts ejikọrọ nke ọma na okporo. Akụrụngwa kwụụrụ onwe ya nke nnukwu ebe nchekwa ihe na-agbapụta n'ime obodo m ka ewulitere ma tinye ya n'ọrụ mgbe niile.
Ebe m na-ebunye ọkụ na-ebunye ihe dị mita 700 mbụ nke obodo m. Ngụkọta ike arụnyere bụ 1.4 nde kilowatts. Na June 4, 2021, etinyere Unit 1 iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik.
A na-arụ ebe a na-ebunye ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere ikike arụnyere kachasị n'ụwa ugbu a. Ngụkọta ike arụnyere bụ 3.6 nde kilowatts.
Nchekwa mgbapụta nwere njirimara nke isi, nke zuru oke na ọha. Ọ nwere ike isonye na ọrụ nchịkwa nke isi iyi sistemụ ike ọhụrụ, netwọkụ, ibu na njikọ nchekwa, yana uru zuru oke dị oke mkpa. Ọ na-ebu sistemu ike nchekwa nchekwa ọkụ ọkụ, ihe na-edozi obere carbon dị ọcha yana arụmọrụ dị elu Ọrụ dị mkpa nke onye na-ahụ maka ịgba ọsọ.
Nke mbụ bụ imeri nke ọma maka enweghị ikike nchekwa nchekwa nke sistemu ike n'okpuru ntinye nke oke ike ọhụrụ. Site n'iji uru nke usoro ọnụọgụ abụọ nke ikike, anyị nwere ike imeziwanye ikike nchịkwa kachasị elu nke sistemu ike, na ibelata nsogbu oke ibu nke na-akpata site na enweghị ike nke ume ọhụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu kpatara site na trough. Nsogbu oriri na-akpata site na nnukwu mmepe nke ike ọhụrụ n'oge oge nwere ike ịkwalite oriri ume ọhụrụ.
Nke abụọ bụ n'ụzọ dị irè na-emeso mismatch n'etiti mmepụta àgwà nke ike ọhụrụ na ibu chọrọ, na-adabere na mgbanwe mgbanwe ikike nke ngwa ngwa nzaghachi, ka mma imeghari ka randomness na volatility nke ọhụrụ ume, na izute mgbanwe mgbanwe ọchịchọ wetara site ọhụrụ ume "dabere na ihu igwe".
Nke atọ bụ nke ọma na-emeso oge ezughi oke nke inertia nke usoro ike ike ọhụrụ dị elu. Na uru nke elu oge nke inertia nke synchronous generator, ọ nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè welie mgbochi-ọgbaghara ike nke usoro na ịnọgide na-enwe usoro ugboro kwụsie ike.
Nke anọ bụ iji mee ihe n'ụzọ dị irè na mmetụta nchekwa nwere ike nke ụdị "okpukpu abụọ" dị na usoro ike ọhụrụ ahụ, were ọrụ nkwado ndabere na mpaghara mberede, ma zaghachi mkpa mgbanwe mberede na mberede n'oge ọ bụla na-amalite nkwụsị ngwa ngwa na ike ramping ngwa ngwa. N'otu oge ahụ, dị ka ibu na-akwụsị akwụsị, ọ nwere ike wepu ibu a na-akwụ ụgwọ nke igwe mgbapụta na nzaghachi millisecond, ma melite ọrụ nchekwa na nke siri ike nke usoro ahụ.
Nke ise bụ imekọ ihe nke ọma na ọnụ ahịa mgbanwe dị elu nke nnukwu njikọ grid ike ọhụrụ wetara. Site na usoro ọrụ ezi uche dị na ya, jikọtara ya na ike ọkụ iji belata carbon na ịbawanye arụmọrụ, belata ịhapụ ikuku na ọkụ, kwalite oke ike, ma melite ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na ọrụ dị ọcha nke usoro dum.
Mee ka njikarịcha na ntinye nke akụrụngwa akụrụngwa dị ike, na-ahazi nchekwa, ịdịmma na njikwa ọganihu nke ọrụ 30 a na-ewu, na-akwalite ike nke mechanized owuwu, njikwa ọgụgụ isi na ihe owuwu ahaziri ahazi, na-ebuli oge ihe owuwu ahụ, wee hụ na ikike nchekwa mgbapụta ga-agafe nde 20 n'oge oge “Atụmatụ Afọ ise nke iri na anọ”. kilowatts, na ike arụnyere arụ ọrụ ga-agafe 70 nde kilowatts site na 2030.
Nke abụọ bụ ịrụsi ọrụ ike na njikwa dabere. Ntuzi aka na-ewusi ike, na-elekwasị anya na ebumnuche "carbon abụọ" yana mmejuputa atumatu ụlọ ọrụ, nkwadebe dị elu nke atụmatụ mmepe "afọ ise nke iri na anọ" maka nchekwa mgbapụta. Jiri nkà mmụta sayensị na-ebuli usoro ọrụ mmalite nke ọrụ a, ma kwalite ọmụmụ na nkwado nke ọrụ a n'usoro n'usoro. Na-elekwasị anya na nchekwa, ịdị mma, oge ihe owuwu, na ọnụ ahịa, na-agbasi mbọ ike na-akwalite njikwa ọgụgụ isi na njikwa, ihe owuwu mechanized na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke ihe owuwu injinịa iji hụ na ọrụ ndị a na-arụ nwere ike nweta uru ozugbo enwere ike.
Mee ka njikwa usoro ndụ nke akụrụngwa dịkwuo omimi, mekwuo nyocha na ọrụ grid ike nke nkeji, kwalite atụmatụ ọrụ nke nkeji, ma na-eje ozi zuru oke maka ọrụ nchekwa na kwụsie ike nke grid ike. Mee ka njikwa dabere n'ọtụtụ akụkụ, mee ka owuwu nke usoro ọkọnọ smart nke ọgbara ọhụrụ dị ngwa, kwalite usoro njikwa ihe, kesaa isi obodo, akụrụngwa, teknụzụ, data na ihe nrụpụta ndị ọzọ, na-emeziwanye ogo na arụmọrụ nke ọma, na-emeziwanye njikwa njikwa na arụmọrụ arụmọrụ.
Nke atọ bụ ịchọ ọganiihu na teknụzụ ọhụrụ. Nmezu miri emi nke "Atụmatụ Ọhụụ Leap Forward Action" maka mmepụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, na-abawanye itinye ego na nyocha sayensị, ma melite ikike nke mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ. Mụbaa ngwa nke teknụzụ na-agbanwe ọsọ ọsọ, wusie nyocha teknụzụ na mmepe nke 400-megawatt nnukwu ikike ikike, mee ka owuwu nke ụlọ nyocha ihe nlere mgbapụta mgbapụta na ụlọ nyocha simulation, na-eme mgbalị ọ bụla iji wuo usoro ihe ọhụrụ sayensị na teknụzụ kwụụrụ onwe ya.
Na-ebuli nhazi nyocha sayensị na ikenye ihe onwunwe, mee ka nyocha ahụ dị na teknụzụ isi nke nchekwa mgbapụta, ma gbalịsie ike imeri nsogbu teknụzụ nke "olu rapaara". Mee ka nyocha nke ngwa nke teknụzụ ọhụrụ dị ka "Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain", kesaa owuwu nke ọdụ ike dijitalụ ma mee ka mgbanwe dijitalụ nke ụlọ ọrụ dịkwuo elu.
Oge nzipu: Mar-07-2022
