Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamajeneretha asebenza ngamanzi. Namuhla, ngizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe ama-axial flow hydroelectric generator. Ukusetshenziswa kwamajeneretha e-axial flow turbine eminyakeni yamuva ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwekhanda eliphezulu nosayizi omkhulu. Ama-axial-flow turbines asekhaya athuthuka ngokushesha. Amaturbine amabili ohlobo lwe-axial-flow paddle afakwe e-Gezhouba Hydropower Station akhiwe. Enye yazo inobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-11.3, okuyiyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. . Nazi izinzuzo kanye nebubi bama-axial flow turbines.
Izinzuzo ze-axial flow turbine
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-Francis turbines, ama-axial flow turbines anezinzuzo eziyinhloko ezilandelayo:
1. Isivinini esithile esiphezulu kanye nezici ezinhle zamandla. Ngakho-ke, isivinini seyunithi yayo nokugeleza kweyunithi kuphakeme kunaleyo ye-Francis turbine. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zekhanda lamanzi kanye nezimo zokukhiphayo, kunganciphisa kakhulu usayizi weyunithi ye-turbine generator, ukunciphisa isisindo seyunithi, nokulondoloza ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakho-ke iyonga. phezulu.
2. Ukuma okungaphezulu kanye nokuqina kwendawo ye-runner blade ye-axial flow turbine kungahlangabezana kalula nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-blade e-axial-flow rotary-paddle turbine angazungeza, ukusebenza kahle okumaphakathi kungaphezulu kwalokho kwe-mix-flow turbine. Lapho umthwalo kanye nekhanda lamanzi lishintsha, ukusebenza kahle akushintshi kakhulu.
3. Ama-runner blades we-axial-flow paddle turbine angahlakazwa, alungele ukukhiqiza nokuthutha.
Ngakho-ke, i-axial flow turbine ingagcina uzinzo ebangeni elikhudlwana lokusebenza, ngokudlidliza okuncane, nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokuphumayo. Kububanzi obunamakhanda aphansi, icishe yathatha indawo ye-Francis turbine. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kokubili ngokomthamo weyunithi eyodwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekhanda lamanzi, kube nentuthuko enkulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo nakho kubanzi kakhulu.
Ukungalungi kwe-axial flow turbine
Kodwa-ke, i-axial flow turbine nayo inokushiyeka futhi ikhawulela ububanzi bokusebenza kwayo. Amaphutha amakhulu yilezi:
1. Inani lama-blade lincane, futhi liyi-cantilever, ngakho-ke amandla aphansi, futhi angeke asetshenziswe eziteshini zamanzi aphakathi nendawo aphezulu.
2. Ngenxa yezinga lokugeleza kweyunithi elikhulu kanye nesivinini seyunithi ephezulu, inobude obuncane bokudonsa kune-Francis turbine ngaphansi kwesimo sekhanda esifanayo, okuholela ekumbizeni okukhulu kokumba kwesisekelo sesiteshi sikagesi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa.
Ngokusho kokushiyeka okukhulunywe ngenhla kwama-axial flow turbines, izinto ezintsha ezilwa ne-anti-cavitation ezinamandla aphezulu zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-turbine kanye namandla ama-blades athuthukisiwe ekwakhiweni, ukuze inhloko yesicelo se-axial flow turbines ithuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo. Njengamanje, inhloko yohlelo lokusebenza ye-axial-flow paddle turbine ingama-3 kuya ku-90 m, futhi ingene endaweni ye-Francis turbine. Isibonelo, umkhawulo ophezulu wokukhipha iyunithi eyodwa yama-axial-flow paddle turbines angaphandle ngu-181,700 kW, umkhawulo wekhanda lamanzi ngu-88m, kanti ububanzi bomgijimi bungu-10.3m. Umthamo omkhulu ophumayo womshini owodwa we-axial-flow paddle turbine ekhiqizwa ezweni lami ngu-175,000 kW, inhloko enkulu yamanzi ingu-78m, kanti ububanzi bomgijimi obuphezulu bungu-11.3m. I-axial-flow fixed-propeller turbine inama-blade angaguquki kanye nesakhiwo esilula, kodwa ayikwazi ukuzivumelanisa neziteshi zamandla kagesi ngezinguquko ezinkulu ekhanda lamanzi nomthwalo. Inekhanda lamanzi elizinzile futhi isebenza njengomthwalo oyisisekelo noma isiteshi samandla esikhulu esinamayunithi amaningi. Uma amandla esizini eningi, ukuqhathanisa kwezomnotho nakho kungenzeka. Kungacatshangwa. Ibanga layo lekhanda elisebenzayo liyi-3-50m. Ama-axial-flow paddle turbines ngokuvamile asebenzisa amadivaysi aqondile. Inqubo yayo yokusebenza ngokuyisisekelo iyafana neyama-turbines kaFrancis. Umehluko wukuthi lapho umthwalo ushintsha, awugcini nje ngokulawula ukujikeleza kwama-vanes omhlahlandlela. , Ngenkathi futhi ulungisa ukujikeleza kwama-runner blades ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Ngaphambilini, sethule futhi ama-turbines kaFrancis. Phakathi kwamajeneretha omoya, kusenomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinjini zomoya zikaFrancis kanye nezinjini zokugeleza kwe-axial. Isibonelo, ukwakheka kwabagijimi babo kuhlukile. Ama-blades ama-turbines kaFrancis acishe ahambisane neshaft eyinhloko, kuyilapho izinjini zokugeleza kwe-axial zicishe ziqonde ngqo kumphini omkhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-11-2021
