Amafomu amanje aseShayina okukhiqiza amandla ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa okulandelayo.
(1) Ukukhiqiza amandla ashisayo.Isizinda samandla ashisayo siyimboni esebenzisa amalahle, uwoyela, negesi yemvelo njengezibaseli ukukhiqiza ugesi.Inqubo yayo eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza ithi: ukushiswa kukaphethiloli kuguqula amanzi akubhayela abe isitimu, futhi amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli aphenduka abe amandla okushisa.Umfutho we-steam ushayela ukujikeleza kwe-steam turbine.Iguqulelwa amandla emishini, bese i-steam turbine ishayela ijeneretha ukuthi ijikeleze, iguqule amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi.Amandla okushisa adinga ukushisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi njengamalahle ne-petroleum.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinqolobane zamafutha ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi zilinganiselwe, futhi lapho zivutha kakhulu, ziyancipha ingozi yokukhathala.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imithombo kawoyela emhlabeni izobe isiphelile eminye iminyaka engu-30.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushiswa kukaphethiloli kuzokhipha i-carbon dioxide nama-sulphur oxides, ngakho kuzodala umphumela we-greenhouse kanye nemvula ene-asidi, futhi konakalise imvelo yomhlaba wonke.
(2) Amandla kagesi.Amanzi aguqula amandla adonsela phansi angaba amandla e-kinetic athinta i-turbine yamanzi, i-turbine yamanzi iqala ukujikeleza, i-turbine yamanzi ixhunywe ku-generator, futhi i-generator iqala ukukhiqiza ugesi.Ububi bamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi ukuthi indawo enkulu igcwele izikhukhula, okungase kudale umonakalo endaweni ezungezile, futhi uma nje idamu elikhulu liwa, imiphumela izoba yinhlekelele.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo yamanzi yezwe nayo ilinganiselwe, futhi iyathinteka nezinkathi zonyaka.
(3) Ukukhiqiza amandla elanga.Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kuguqula ngokuqondile ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi (okubuye kubizwe ngokuthi i-photovoltaic power generation), futhi umgomo wawo oyisisekelo “umphumela we-photovoltaic.”Lapho i-photon ikhanya ensimbi, amandla ayo angamuncwa i-electron ensimbi.Amandla amuncwa i-electron makhulu ngokwanele ukuba anqobe amandla adonsela phansi ensimbi ukuze enze umsebenzi, abaleke endaweni yensimbi futhi abe i-photoelectron.Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela we-photovoltaic", noma "umphumela we-photovoltaic" ngamafuphi.I-solar photovoltaic system inezici ezilandelayo:
①Azikho izingxenye ezijikelezayo, akukho msindo;②Akukho ukungcoliswa komoya, akukho ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile;③Ayikho inqubo yokusha, akukho mafutha adingekayo;④Ukulungisa okulula kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi;⑤Ukuthembeka nokusebenza okuhle nokuzinza;
⑥Ibhethri yelanga njengengxenye eyinhloko inempilo ende yesevisi;
⑦Ukuminyana kwamandla elanga liphansi, futhi liyahlukahluka ezindaweni ngezindawo kanye nesikhathi nesikhathi.Lena inkinga enkulu ebhekene nokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga.
(4) Ukukhiqiza amandla omoya.Izinjini zomoya ziyimishini yamandla eguqula amandla omoya abe umsebenzi wemishini, owaziwa nangokuthi ama-windmill.Uma sikhuluma kabanzi, iyinjini esebenzisa ukushisa esebenzisa ilanga njengomthombo wokushisa kanye nomkhathi njengendawo yokusebenza.Inezici ezilandelayo:
①Okuvuselelekayo, okungashi, asikho isidingo samalahle, uwoyela nezinye izibaseli ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla ashisayo noma izinto zenuzi ezidingekayo ukuze izimboni zamandla enuzi zikhiqize ugesi, ngaphandle kokulungiswa okuvamile, ngaphandle kokunye ukusetshenziswa;
②Izinzuzo zemvelo ezihlanzekile, ezinhle;③ Isikali sokufaka esivumelana nezimo;
④Umsindo nokungcoliswa okubonakalayo;⑤ Thatha indawo enkulu yomhlaba;
⑥Ayizinzile futhi ayilawuleki;⑦Okwamanje izindleko zisaphezulu;⑧Ithinta imisebenzi yezinyoni.
(5) Amandla enuzi.Indlela yokukhiqiza ugesi kusetshenziswa ukushisa okukhishwe yi-nuclear fission kureactor yenuzi.Ifana kakhulu nokukhiqiza amandla ashisayo.Amandla enuzi anezici ezilandelayo:
① Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi akukhiphi inani elikhulu lokungcola emkhathini njengokukhiqizwa kwamandla kaphethiloli, ngakho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi ngeke kubangele ukungcoliswa komoya;
②Ukukhiqiza amandla enuzi ngeke kukhiqize isikhutha esibhebhethekisa umthelela wokushisa umhlaba wonke;
③I-uranium fuel esetshenziswa ekuphehleni amandla enuzi ayinayo enye injongo ngaphandle kokukhiqiza amandla;
④ Ukuminyana kwamandla kaphethiloli wenuzi kuphakeme ngokuphindwe ngezigidi ezimbalwa kunezibaso ezimbiwa phansi, ngakho uphethiloli osetshenziswa izimboni zamandla enuzi mancane ngosayizi futhi ulungele ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa;
⑤ Ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza amandla enuzi, izindleko zikaphethiloli zenza ingxenye ephansi, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla enuzi azithinteki kakhulu kumthelela wesimo somnotho samazwe ngamazwe, ngakho izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla zizinzile kunezinye izindlela zokuphehla ugesi;
⑥Izitshalo zamandla enuzi zizokhiqiza udoti okhipha imisebe yezinga eliphezulu nephansi, noma izibaseli zenuzi ezisetshenzisiwe.Nakuba zisebenzisa umthamo omncane, kufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela ngenxa yemisebe, futhi kufanele zibhekane nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwezombusazwe;
⑦ Ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni zamandla enuzi kuphansi, ngakho-ke ukushisa kwemfucuza okuningana kukhishelwa endaweni ezungezile kunezindawo zamandla kaphethiloli ojwayelekile, ngakho ukungcoliswa okushisayo kwezikhungo zamandla enyukliya kubi kakhulu;
⑧Izindleko zokutshala izimali zesikhungo samandla enuzi ziphezulu, futhi ubungozi bezezimali benkampani kagesi buphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa;
⑨ Kunenani elikhulu lezinto ezikhipha imisebe esikhunjeni samandla enuzi, uma zikhishelwa endaweni engaphandle engozini, zizolimaza imvelo kanye nabantu;
⑩ Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zamandla enuzi kungenzeka kakhulu kubangele ukungezwani kwezepolitiki nezingxabano.o Yini amandla amakhemikhali?
Amandla ekhemikhali amandla akhululwa lapho into ibhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali.Kungamandla acashe kakhulu.Ngeke isetshenziswe ngokuqondile ukwenza umsebenzi.Ikhishwa kuphela uma kwenzeka ushintsho lwamakhemikhali bese iba amandla okushisa noma ezinye izinhlobo zamandla.Amandla akhishwa ukushiswa kwamafutha namalahle, ukuqhuma kweziqhumane, nokushintsha kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni wokudla okudliwa abantu konke kungamandla amakhemikhali.Amandla amakhemikhali abhekisela emandleni enhlanganisela.Ngokomthetho wokongiwa kwamandla, lokhu kuguqulwa kwamandla kuyalingana ngobukhulu futhi kuphambene nokushintsha kwamandla okushisa ekuphenduleni.Lapho ama-athomu enhlanganisela yokusabela ehlela kabusha ukukhiqiza inhlanganisela entsha, kuzoholela emandleni amakhemikhali.Ushintsho, olukhiqiza umphumela we-exothermic noma we-endothermic
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-25-2021
