Amafomu okukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi amanje aseShayina ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi okulandelayo.
(1) Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okushisa. Isitshalo samandla okushisa siyifektri esebenzisa amalahle, uwoyela, kanye negesi yemvelo njengamafutha ukukhiqiza ugesi. Inqubo yaso eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza yile: ukushisa uphethiloli kuguqula amanzi kubhoyila abe umusi, futhi amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli aphenduka amandla okushisa. Umfutho womusi uqhuba ukujikeleza kwe-turbine yomusi. Iguqulwa ibe amandla omshini, bese i-turbine yomusi iqhuba ijeneretha ukuthi ijikeleze, iguqule amandla omshini abe amandla kagesi. Amandla okushisa adinga ukushisa uphethiloli wezinto zasendulo njengamalahle nophethiloli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo zokugcina uphethiloli wezinto zasendulo zilinganiselwe, futhi lapho zishisa kakhulu, kulapho zibhekene nengozi yokukhathala kancane. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izinsiza zikaphethiloli zomhlaba zizophela eminyakeni engama-30 ezayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushiswa kukaphethiloli kuzokhipha i-carbon dioxide kanye ne-sulfur oxides, ngakho kuzobangela umphumela wokushisa komhlaba kanye nemvula ye-asidi, futhi konakalise imvelo yomhlaba.
(2) Amandla kagesi asebenzisa i-hydropower. Amanzi aguqula amandla adonsela phansi amanzi abe amandla e-kinetic athinta i-turbine yamanzi, i-turbine yamanzi iqala ukujikeleza, i-turbine yamanzi ixhunywe ku-generator, bese i-generator iqala ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ububi bamandla kagesi asebenzisa i-hydropower ukuthi inani elikhulu lomhlaba liyakhukhulwa, okungase kubangele umonakalo endaweni ezungezile, futhi uma ichibi elikhulu liwa, imiphumela izoba mibi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo yamanzi yezwe nayo ilinganiselwe, futhi nayo iyathinteka yizinkathi zonyaka.
(3) Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kuguqula ngqo ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi (okubizwa nangokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic), futhi isimiso saso esiyisisekelo “umphumela we-photovoltaic.” Lapho i-photon ikhanya ensimbini, amandla ayo angamuncwa yi-electron ensimbini. Amandla amuncwa yi-electron makhulu ngokwanele ukunqoba amandla angaphakathi ensimbi ukuze enze umsebenzi, aphume ebusweni bensimbi abe yi-photoelectron. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “umphumela we-photovoltaic”, noma “umphumela we-photovoltaic” ngamafuphi. Uhlelo lwe-solar photovoltaic lunezici ezilandelayo:
①Azikho izingxenye ezijikelezayo, akukho msindo; ②Azikho ukungcola komoya, akukho ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile; ③Azikho izindlela zokushisa, akukho uphethiloli odingekayo; ④Ukulungiswa okulula kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi; ⑤Ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle;
⑥Ibhethri lelanga njengengxenye ebalulekile lihlala isikhathi eside;
⑦Ubuningi bamandla elanga buphansi, futhi buyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo nangezikhathi. Lena yinkinga enkulu ebhekene nokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga.
(4) Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya. Ama-wind turbine ayimishini yamandla eguqula amandla omoya abe umsebenzi womshini, owaziwa nangokuthi ama-windmill. Ngokubanzi, iyinjini esebenzisa ukushisa esebenzisa ilanga njengomthombo wokushisa kanye nomoya njengendawo yokusebenza. Inezici ezilandelayo:
①Ivuseleleka, ayipheli, asikho isidingo samalahle, uwoyela kanye nezinye izinto zokubasa ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi oshisayo noma izinto zenuzi ezidingekayo ukuze izitshalo zamandla enuzi zikhiqize ugesi, ngaphandle kokulungiswa njalo, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okunye;
②Izinzuzo zemvelo ezihlanzekile nezinhle; ③Isikali sokufaka esiguquguqukayo;
④Umsindo kanye nokungcola okubonakalayo; ⑤Hlala endaweni enkulu yomhlaba;
⑥Akuzinzile futhi akulawuleki; ⑦Njengamanje izindleko zisephezulu; ⑧Kuthinta imisebenzi yezinyoni.
(5) Amandla enuzi. Indlela yokukhiqiza ugesi isebenzisa ukushisa okukhishwa ukuhlukana kwenuzi ku-reactor yenuzi. Ifana kakhulu nokukhiqizwa kwamandla okushisa. Amandla enuzi anezici ezilandelayo:
①Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi akukhiphi inani elikhulu lokungcola emoyeni njengokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi wezinto zasendulo, ngakho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi ngeke kubangele ukungcoliswa komoya;
②Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi ngeke kukhiqize i-carbon dioxide ekhulisa umphumela wokushisa komhlaba wonke;
③Uphethiloli we-uranium osetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amandla enuzi awunayo enye injongo ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla;
④ Ubuningi bamandla kaphethiloli wenuzi buphakeme ngokuphindwe izigidi eziningana kunobaphethiloli bezinto zasendulo, ngakho-ke uphethiloli osetshenziswa yizikhungo zamandla enuzi mncane ngobukhulu futhi ulungele ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa;
⑤Ezindlekweni zokukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi, izindleko zikaphethiloli ziphansi, kanti izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi azithinteki kakhulu emthonjeni wesimo somnotho womhlaba wonke, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zizinzile kunezinye izindlela zokukhiqizwa kwamandla;
⑥Izitshalo zamandla enuzi zizokhiqiza imfucuza enemisebe ephezulu nephansi, noma uphethiloli wenuzi osetshenzisiwe. Nakuba zithatha umthamo omncane, kumele ziphathwe ngokucophelela ngenxa yemisebe, futhi kumele zibhekane nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwezepolitiki;
⑦Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kwezitshalo zamandla enuzi kuphansi, ngakho-ke ukushisa okuningi okulahlwayo kukhishwa endaweni ezungezile kunezitshalo zamandla ezivamile zamafutha, ngakho-ke ukungcola kokushisa kwezitshalo zamandla enuzi kubi kakhulu;
Izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zesikhungo sikagesi senuzi ziphezulu, kanti ingozi yezezimali yenkampani kagesi iphezulu kakhulu;
⑨ Kunenqwaba yezinto ezikhipha imisebe emshinini wokusabela wesitshalo samandla enuzi, uma zikhishwa ziye endaweni engaphandle engozini, zizolimaza imvelo kanye nabantu;
⑩ Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zamandla enuzi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangele ukungezwani kwezepolitiki kanye nezingxabano. o Iyini amandla amakhemikhali?
Amandla amakhemikhali amandla akhishwa lapho into ibhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Amandla afihliwe kakhulu. Awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngqo ukwenza umsebenzi. Akhishwa kuphela lapho kwenzeka ushintsho lwamakhemikhali futhi eba amandla okushisa noma ezinye izinhlobo zamandla. Amandla akhishwa ngokushiswa kwamafutha namalahle, ukuqhuma kweziqhumane, kanye nezinguquko zamakhemikhali emzimbeni wokudla abantu abakudlayo konke kungamandla amakhemikhali. Amandla amakhemikhali abhekisela emandleni enhlanganisela. Ngokomthetho wokulondolozwa kwamandla, lolu shintsho lwamandla lulingana ngobukhulu futhi luphambene noshintsho lwamandla okushisa ekusabela. Lapho ama-athomu enhlanganisela yokusabela ehlela kabusha ukuze akhiqize inhlanganisela entsha, kuzoholela emandleni amakhemikhali. Ushintsho, olukhiqiza umphumela we-exothermic noma we-endothermic
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-25-2021
