Mitundu yamagetsi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku China ikuphatikizapo izi:
(1) Kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi. Malo opangira magetsi ndi fakitale yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito malasha, mafuta, ndi gasi wachilengedwe ngati mafuta kuti ipange magetsi. Njira yake yoyambira yopangira mafuta ndi iyi: kuyaka mafuta kumasintha madzi mu boiler kukhala nthunzi, ndipo mphamvu ya mankhwala ya mafuta imasanduka mphamvu ya kutentha. Kupanikizika kwa nthunzi kumayendetsa kuzungulira kwa turbine ya nthunzi. Kusanduka mphamvu yamakina, kenako turbine ya nthunzi imayendetsa jenereta kuti izungulire, kusintha mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu ya kutentha imafunika kuyaka mafuta monga malasha ndi mafuta. Kumbali imodzi, mafuta osungiramo mafuta ndi ochepa, ndipo akamayaka kwambiri, sakumana ndi chiopsezo chotopa. Akuti mafuta padziko lonse lapansi adzatha patatha zaka 30. Kumbali ina, kuyaka mafuta kudzatulutsa carbon dioxide ndi sulfure oxides, kotero zidzayambitsa kutentha kwa dziko ndi mvula ya asidi, ndikuwononga chilengedwe cha padziko lonse lapansi.
(2) Mphamvu yamadzi. Madzi omwe amasintha mphamvu yokoka ya madzi kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic amakhudza turbine yamadzi, turbine yamadzi imayamba kuzungulira, turbine yamadzi imalumikizidwa ndi jenereta, ndipo jenereta imayamba kupanga magetsi. Vuto la mphamvu yamadzi ndilakuti nthaka yambiri imasefukira, zomwe zingawononge chilengedwe, ndipo dziwe lalikulu likagwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi a dziko nawonso amakhala ochepa, ndipo amakhudzidwanso ndi nyengo.
(3) Kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa. Kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa kumasintha kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji kukhala magetsi (komwe kumatchedwanso kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic), ndipo mfundo yake yaikulu ndi "photovoltaic effect." Pamene photon ikuwalira pa chitsulo, mphamvu yake imatha kuyamwa ndi elekitironi yomwe ili mu chitsulocho. Mphamvu yomwe imayamwa ndi elekitironiyo ndi yayikulu mokwanira kuti igonjetse mphamvu yamkati ya chitsulocho kuti igwire ntchito, kutuluka pamwamba pa chitsulocho ndikukhala photoelectron. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "photovoltaic effect", kapena "photovoltaic effect" mwachidule. Dongosolo la photovoltaic la dzuwa lili ndi makhalidwe awa:
①Palibe zinthu zozungulira, palibe phokoso; ②Palibe kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, palibe madzi otayira; ③Palibe njira yoyaka, palibe mafuta ofunikira; ④Kukonza kosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika wokonza; ⑤Kudalirika kwabwino komanso kukhazikika kwa ntchito;
⑥Batire ya dzuwa monga gawo lofunika kwambiri ili ndi moyo wautali wautumiki;
⑦Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi kochepa, ndipo kumasiyana malinga ndi malo ndi nthawi. Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu lomwe likukumana ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa.
(4) Kupanga mphamvu ya mphepo. Ma turbine a mphepo ndi makina amphamvu omwe amasintha mphamvu ya mphepo kukhala ntchito yamakina, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma windmills. Mwachidule, ndi injini yogwiritsa ntchito kutentha yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito dzuwa ngati gwero la kutentha ndi mlengalenga ngati chogwirira ntchito. Ili ndi makhalidwe awa:
①Yongowonjezedwanso, yosatha, palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito malasha, mafuta ndi mafuta ena opangira magetsi kapena zida za nyukiliya zomwe zimafunika kuti magetsi a nyukiliya apange magetsi, kupatulapo kukonza nthawi zonse, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kulikonse;
②Ubwino wabwino komanso woyeretsa chilengedwe; ③Sikelo yokhazikika yosinthasintha;
④Phokoso ndi kuipitsidwa kwa maso; ⑤ Khalani m'dera lalikulu;
⑥Zosakhazikika komanso zosalamulirika; ⑦Pakadali pano mtengo wake ukadali wokwera; ⑧Zimakhudza zochita za mbalame.
(5) Mphamvu ya nyukiliya. Njira yopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi kugawanika kwa nyukiliya mu reactor ya nyukiliya. Ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi kupanga mphamvu ya kutentha. Mphamvu ya nyukiliya ili ndi makhalidwe awa:
①Kupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya sikutulutsa zinthu zambiri zoipitsa mpweya monga kupanga mphamvu za mafuta, kotero kupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya sikungayambitse kuipitsa mpweya;
②Kupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya sikupanga mpweya woipa womwe umawonjezera mphamvu ya kutentha kwa dziko lonse;
③Mafuta a uranium omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu za nyukiliya alibe ntchito ina kupatula kupanga mphamvu;
④ Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mafuta a nyukiliya ndi kokwera kambirimbiri kuposa mafuta achilengedwe, kotero mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya ndi ochepa kukula kwake ndipo ndi osavuta kunyamula ndi kusungira;
⑤Pa mtengo wopanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, mtengo wa mafuta ndi wochepa, ndipo mtengo wopanga mphamvu za nyukiliya sungakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi mavuto azachuma padziko lonse lapansi, kotero mtengo wopanga mphamvu ndi wokhazikika kuposa njira zina zopangira mphamvu;
⑥Mafakitale opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya amatulutsa zinyalala zamphamvu komanso zochepa, kapena mafuta a nyukiliya omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale kuti amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala chifukwa cha mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndipo ayenera kukumana ndi mavuto akuluakulu andale;
⑦Kutentha kwa magetsi a nyukiliya kumakhala kochepa, kotero kutentha kwambiri kumatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe kuposa magetsi wamba amagetsi amafuta, kotero kuipitsa kutentha kwa magetsi a magetsi a nyukiliya kumakhala koopsa kwambiri;
⑧Ndalama zogulira magetsi a nyukiliya ndi zambiri, ndipo chiopsezo cha ndalama cha kampani yamagetsi ndi chachikulu;
⑨ Pali zinthu zambiri zotulutsa ma radiation mu reactor ya fakitale yamagetsi ya nyukiliya, ngati zitatulutsidwa kupita ku chilengedwe chakunja pangozi, zidzawononga chilengedwe ndi anthu;
⑩ Kumanga malo opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya kungayambitse kusiyana kwa ndale ndi mikangano. o Kodi mphamvu ya mankhwala ndi chiyani?
Mphamvu ya mankhwala ndi mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa pamene chinthu chimachitika ndi mankhwala. Ndi mphamvu yobisika kwambiri. Siingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji kugwira ntchito. Imatulutsidwa pokhapokha ngati kusintha kwa mankhwala kwachitika ndipo kumakhala mphamvu ya kutentha kapena mitundu ina ya mphamvu. Mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi kutentha kwa mafuta ndi malasha, kuphulika kwa zophulika, ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala m'thupi la chakudya chomwe anthu amadya zonse ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala. Mphamvu ya mankhwala imatanthauza mphamvu ya mankhwala. Malinga ndi lamulo losunga mphamvu, kusintha kwa mphamvu kumeneku ndi kofanana kukula kwake komanso kosiyana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kutentha mu reaction. Pamene maatomu omwe ali mu reaction compound akonzanso kuti apange mankhwala atsopano, zidzatsogolera ku mphamvu ya mankhwala. Kusinthaku, kupanga exothermic kapena endothermic effect
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-25-2021
