Mafomu ekugadzira magetsi aripo muChina anosanganisira zvinotevera.
(1) Kugadzira simba rinopisa. Chiteshi chemagetsi chinopisa ifekitari inoshandisa marasha, mafuta, negasi rechisikigo semafuta ekugadzira magetsi. Maitiro ayo ekutanga ekugadzira ndeaya: kupisa mafuta kunoshandura mvura iri mubhoyira kuita utsi, uye simba remakemikari remafuta rinoshanduka kuita simba rinopisa. Kumanikidzwa kweutsi kunofambisa kutenderera kweturbine yeutsi. Inoshandurwa kuita simba remakanika, uye turbine yeutsi inofambisa jenareta kuti itenderere, ichishandura simba remakanika kuita simba remagetsi. Simba rinopisa rinoda kupisa mafuta ezvisaririra akadai semarasha nepetroleum. Kune rumwe rutivi, mafuta ezvisaririra akaganhurirwa, uye paanonyanya kupisa, ndipo paanonyanya kutarisana nenjodzi yekuneta. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mafuta epasi rose achapera mumakore makumi matatu anotevera. Kune rumwe rutivi, kupisa mafuta kuchaburitsa carbon dioxide nesulfur oxides, saka zvichakonzera greenhouse effect nemvura ine acid, uye zvinokanganisa nharaunda yepasi rose.
(2) Simba remvura. Mvura inoshandura simba regiravhiti remvura kuita simba remagetsi inokanganisa turbine yemvura, turbine yemvura inotanga kutenderera, turbine yemvura yakabatana nejenareta, uye jenareta inotanga kugadzira magetsi. Dambudziko resimba remvura nderekuti ivhu rakawanda rinozara nemvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kana dziva guru radonha, mhedzisiro yacho ichave yakaipa. Pamusoro pezvo, zviwanikwa zvemvura zvemunyika zvishomawo, uye zvinokanganiswawo nemwaka.
(3) Kugadzira simba rezuva. Kugadzira simba rezuva kunoshandura chiedza chezuva zvakananga kuita magetsi (anonziwo kuumba simba rezuva re photovoltaic), uye musimboti waro mukuru ndewekuti "photovoltaic effect." Kana photon ichipenya pasimbi, simba rayo rinogona kutorwa ne electron iri musimbi. Simba rinotorwa ne electron rakakura zvakakwana kuti rikunde simba remukati resimbi kuti riite basa, ribude pamusoro pesimbi uye rive photoelectron. Iyi ndiyo inonzi "photovoltaic effect", kana kuti "photovoltaic effect" muchidimbu. Sisitimu ye solar photovoltaic ine hunhu hunotevera:
①Hapana zvikamu zvinotenderera, hapana ruzha; ②Hapana kusvibiswa kwemhepo, hapana mvura inobuda; ③Hapana nzira yekupisa, hapana mafuta anodiwa; ④Kugadzirisa kuri nyore uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa; ⑤Kushanda zvakanaka uye kugadzikana;
⑥Bateri rezuva sechinhu chakakosha rinogara kwenguva refu;
⑦Kuwanda kwesimba rezuva kwakaderera, uye kunosiyana-siyana kubva panzvimbo nenzvimbo uye nguva nenguva. Iri ndiro dambudziko guru riri kutarisana nekugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwesimba rezuva.
(4) Kugadzira simba remhepo. Maturbine emhepo michina yemagetsi inoshandura simba remhepo kuita basa remakanika, inozivikanwawo semawindmills. Kazhinji, iinjini inoshandisa kupisa inoshandisa zuva senzvimbo yekupisa uye mhepo senzvimbo inoshanda. Ine hunhu hunotevera:
①Inogona kugadzurwazve, haiperi, hapana chikonzero chemarasha, mafuta nezvimwe zvinodiwa pakugadzira magetsi anodziya kana zvinhu zvenyukireya zvinodiwa kuti zviteshi zvemagetsi zvenyukireya zvigadzire magetsi, kunze kwekunge zvichigadziriswa nguva dzose, pasina kumwe kushandiswa;
②Zvakanakira zvakatipoteredza zvakachena uye zvakanaka; ③Chiyero chekuisa chinochinjika;
④Ruzha uye kusvibiswa kwemaziso; ⑤Kugara munzvimbo yakakura;
⑥Hazvina kugadzikana uye hazvidzoreki; ⑦Parizvino mutengo uchiri wakakwira; ⑧Zvichikanganisa mabasa eshiri.
(5) Simba renyukireya. Nzira yekugadzira magetsi uchishandisa kupisa kunoburitswa nekupatsanurwa kwenyukireya muchinhu chinopa simba renyukireya. Yakafanana zvikuru nekugadzira simba rekupisa. Simba renyukireya rine hunhu hunotevera:
①Kugadzira simba renyukireya hakuburitsi huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinosvibisa mumhepo senge kugadzira simba remafuta ekare, saka kugadzira simba renyukireya hakuzokonzere kusvibiswa kwemhepo;
②Kugadzira simba renyukireya hakuzobudisi kabhoni dhayokisaidhi iyo inowedzera mhedzisiro yekupisa kwepasi rose;
③Mafuta euranium anoshandiswa pakugadzira simba renyukireya haana rimwe basa kunze kwekugadzira simba;
④ Simba remafuta enyukireya rakapetwa kane mamiriyoni akawanda kupfuura remafuta ekare, saka mafuta anoshandiswa nemagetsi enyukireya madiki uye akakodzera kutakurwa nekuchengetwa;
⑤Mumutengo wekugadzira simba renyukireya, mitengo yemafuta inoderedza chikamu, uye mutengo wekugadzira simba renyukireya haunyanyi kukanganiswa nemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika, saka mutengo wekugadzira simba remagetsi wakagadzikana kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira simba remagetsi;
⑥Mafekitori emagetsi enyukireya achaburitsa marara ane mwaranzi yakawanda uye yakaderera, kana mafuta enyukireya akashandiswa. Kunyangwe achitora huwandu hushoma, anofanira kubatwa nekungwarira nekuda kwemwaranzi, uye anofanira kutarisana nematambudziko makuru ezvematongerwo enyika;
⑦Kushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi enyukireya mukupisa kwakaderera, saka kupisa kwakawanda kunobudiswa munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza kupfuura mafossil fuel, saka kusvibiswa kwemafuta enyukireya mukupisa kwakanyanya;
⑧Mari yekudyara pakugadzira magetsi enyukireya yakakwira, uye njodzi yemari yekambani yemagetsi yakakwira;
⑨ Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvine mwaranzi mureactor yesimba renyukireya, kana zvikaburitswa kunze kwenzvimbo mutsaona, zvichakonzera kukuvara kune ecology nevanhu;
⑩ Kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi enyukireya kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye gakava. Chii chinonzi simba remakemikari?
Simba remakemikari isimba rinoburitswa kana chinhu chikasangana nemakemikari. Isimba rakavanzika zvikuru. Harigone kushandiswa zvakananga kuita basa. Rinoburitswa chete kana shanduko yemakemikari ikaitika uye ikava simba rekupisa kana mamwe marudzi esimba. Simba rinoburitswa nekupiswa kwemafuta nemarasha, kuputika kwezvinoputika, uye shanduko dzemakemikari mumuviri wezvekudya zvinodyiwa nevanhu zvese isimba remakemikari. Simba remakemikari rinoreva simba remakemikari. Zvinoenderana nemutemo wekuchengetedza simba, shanduko iyi yesimba yakaenzana muhukuru uye inopesana nekuchinja kwesimba rekupisa mukuita. Kana maatomu ari mukuita akarongeka kuti agadzire compound itsva, zvinotungamira kusimba remakemikari. Shanduko, ichigadzira exothermic kana endothermic effect
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-25-2021
