Pumped storage ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakura tekinoroji muhukuru-hukuru hwekuchengetedza simba, uye iyo yakaiswa simba rezviteshi zvemagetsi inogona kusvika gigawatts. Parizvino, iyo yakanyanya kukura uye yakakura yakaiswa simba rekuchengetedza pasi rose inopomba hydro.
Pumped kuchengetedza tekinoroji yakakura uye yakagadzikana, ine yakakwirira yakazara mabhenefiti, uye inowanzo shandiswa peak mutemo uye backup. Pumped storage ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakura tekinoroji muhukuru-hukuru hwekuchengetedza simba, uye iyo yakaiswa simba rezviteshi zvemagetsi inogona kusvika gigawatts.
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu husina kukwana hweEnergy Storage Professional Committee yeChina Energy Research Association, pumped hydro parizvino ndiyo yakakura uye yakakura yakaiswa simba rekuchengetedza pasi rose. Kubva muna 2019, simba rekuchengetedza simba repasi rose rakasvika 180 miriyoni kilowatts, uye simba rakaiswa repombi rekuchengetedza simba rakapfuura 170 miriyoni kilowatts, inoverengera 94% yepasi rose rekuchengetedza simba.
Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi zvinoshandisa magetsi anogadzirwa panguva yakadzikira yesimba remagetsi kupomba mvura kuenda kunzvimbo yakakwirira yekuchengetera, uye kuburitsa mvura kuti igadzire magetsi panguva yekuremerwa kwepamusoro. Kana mutoro wacho wakadzikira, chiteshi chemagetsi chepombi ndiye mushandisi; kana mutoro wacho uri pamusoro, ndiyo magetsi.
Iyo pumped storage unit ine maviri akakosha mabasa: kupomba mvura uye kugadzira magetsi. Iyo unit inoshanda seye turbine yemvura kana mutoro wemagetsi system uri pakakwirira. Kuvhurwa kwegwaro rinenge remvura turbine inogadziriswa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwegavhuna, uye simba ringave remvura rinoshandurwa kuita magetsi emagetsi eiyo unit kutenderera, uye ipapo simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi kuburikidza nejenareta;
Kana mutoro wesimba remagetsi wakadzikira, pombi yemvura inoshandiswa kupomba mvura kubva padhamu rezasi kuenda kudhamu repamusoro. Kuburikidza neiyo otomatiki gadziriso yegavhuna system, iyo inotungamira vane kuvhura inogadziridzwa otomatiki zvichienderana nekusimudza pombi, uye simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita simba remvura uye rinochengetwa. .
Mapombi emagetsi ekuchengetera magetsi ndiwo anonyanya kuita nezve peak regulation, frequency regulation, emergency backup uye dema kutanga kwesimba system, iyo inogona kuvandudza uye kuenzanisa mutoro wesimba remagetsi, kuvandudza kunaka kwemagetsi emagetsi uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi hwesimba remagetsi, uye ndiwo musana wekuona kuchengetedza, hupfumi uye kugadzikana kushanda kwegidhi remagetsi. . Pumped-storage power plants inozivikanwa se "stabilizers", "regulators" uye "balancers" mukushanda kwakachengeteka kwemagetsi emagetsi.
Mafambiro ekusimudzira epasirese pombi yekuchengetera magetsi emagetsi musoro wepamusoro, hukuru hukuru uye kumhanya kwakanyanya. Musoro wepamusoro unoreva kuti chikwata chinokura kusvika kumusoro wepamusoro, hukuru hukuru hunoreva kuti huwandu hwechikwata chimwe chete huri kuramba huchiwedzera, uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kunoreva kuti chikwata chinotora kukurumidza kwepamusoro.
Simba chiteshi chimiro uye maitiro
Zvivakwa zvikuru zvepombi yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi kazhinji zvinosanganisira: repamusoro reservoir, rezasi reservoir, mvura yekuunza system, workshop uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvakakosha. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa hydropower zviteshi, ma hydraulic zvimiro zvemapombi ekuchengetedza magetsi zviteshi zvine anotevera maitiro makuru:
Kune madhamu epamusoro nepasi. Zvichifananidzwa nezviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi ane simba rakafanana rakaiswa, dura remvura repombi-yekuchengetedza magetsi zviteshi zvinowanzova diki.
Nhamba yemvura yedhamu inoshanduka zvakanyanya uye inokwira uye inodonha kazhinji. Kuti uite basa rekuveura ndebvu uye kuzadza mupata mugedhi remagetsi, kusiyanisa kwezuva nezuva kwenzvimbo yemvura yepombi yekuchengetera magetsi inowanzoitika yakakura, kazhinji inodarika 10-20 metres, uye dzimwe nhepfenyuro dzemagetsi dzinosvika 30-40 metres, uye chiyero cheshanduko yemvura yedhamu inokurumidza, ~00m/h, kazhinji inosvika 8m/h.
Reservoir seepage kudzivirira zvinodiwa zvakakwirira. Kana iyo yakachena pumped storage power station ichikonzera kuwanda kwekurasikirwa kwemvura nekuda kwekuyerera kwechidziva chepamusoro, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwechiteshi chemagetsi kuchaderedzwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuitira kudzivirira mvura kuti isapinda kubva pakuipa kwemamiriro ehydrogeological munzvimbo yeprojekiti, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kwesepage uye kunyura kwakadzika, zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvinoiswawo pakudzivirira kwemvura.
Musoro wemvura wakakwirira. Musoro wepombi yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi kazhinji wakakwira, kazhinji 200-800 metres. Nzvimbo yemagetsi yeJixi pumped-storage power station ine huwandu hwakaiswa hunosvika 1,8 miriyoni kilowatts ndiyo yekutanga nyika yangu 650-metres head section project, uye chiteshi chemagetsi cheDunhua pumped-storage power chine huwandu hwakaiswa hunosvika 1,4 miriyoni kilowatts ndicho purojekiti yekutanga yenyika yangu yemamita mazana manomwe. Nekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira tekinoroji yekuchengetedza yepombi, huwandu hwepamusoro-musoro, hukuru-hukuru hwemagetsi zviteshi munyika yangu huchawedzera.
Iyo unit inoiswa panzvimbo yakaderera. Kuti tikunde pesvedzero ye buoyancy uye seepage pane powerhouse, mahombe-akakura-anochengetera magetsi emagetsi akavakwa kumusha nekune dzimwe nyika mumakore achangopfuura anowanzo tora chimiro chepasi pevhu magetsi.
Chiteshi chemagetsi chepombi chekare chepasi rose cheNetra pumped-storage power station muZurich, Switzerland, chakavakwa muna 1882. Kuvakwa kwepombi dzekuchengetera magetsi kuChina kwakatanga kunonoka. Yekutanga oblique flow reversible unit yakaiswa muGangnan Reservoir muna 1968. Gare gare, nekukurumidza kukura kweindasitiri yesimba remumba, iyo yakaiswa simba renyukireya uye simba rinopisa rinowedzera nekukurumidza, richida kuti hurongwa hwemagetsi huve nehunoenderana neinopombi yekuchengetedza zvikamu.
Kubva kuma1980, China yakatanga kuvaka zvine simba zviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukurumidza kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika yangu uye indasitiri yemagetsi, nyika yangu yakawana zvibereko zvesainzi uye tekinoroji mukuzvimiririra kwemidziyo yemahombe-akakura ekuchengetera mapombi.
Pakupera kwa2020, nyika yangu yakasimwa simba rekugadzira magetsi epombi yaive 31.49 miriyoni kilowatts, kuwedzera kwe4.0% kupfuura gore rapfuura. Muna 2020, simba rekugadzira magetsi rekupombi renyika rainge 33.5 bhiriyoni kWh, kuwedzera kwe5.0% kupfuura gore rapfuura; Nyika ichangowedzerwa simba rekugadzira magetsi echipombi rakasvika miriyoni nemazana maviri ekWh. zviteshi zvemagetsi zvepombi-yekuchengetera nyika yangu zviri kugadzirwa uye zviri kuvakwa zviri pekutanga pasi rose.
State Grid Corporation yeChina yagara yakanamatira kukosha kukuru mukuvandudza kwekuchengetedza kwepombi. Parizvino, State Grid ine 22 pumped-storage power stations dziri kushanda uye 30 pumped-storage power stations dziri kuvakwa.
Muna 2016, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvishanu zvepombi muZhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, uye Fukang, Xinjiang yakatanga;
Muna 2017, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvitanhatu zvepombi-kuchengetedza magetsi muYi County yeHebei, Zhirui yeInner Mongolia, Ninghai yeZhejiang, Jinyun yeZhejiang, Luoning yeHenan uye Pingjiang yeHunan yakatanga;
Muna 2019, kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zvishanu zvepombi muFuning muHebei, Jiaohe muJilin, Qujiang muZhejiang, Weifang muShandong, uye Hami muXinjiang yakatanga;
Muna 2020, zviteshi zvina zvemapombi ekuchengetera magetsi muShanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, uye Shandong Tai'an Phase II zvichatanga kuvaka.
chiteshi chemagetsi chekutanga chepombi chenyika yangu chine midziyo inozvimiririra yeyuniti. Muna Gumiguru 2011, chiteshi chemagetsi chakapedzwa zvinobudirira, zvichiratidza kuti nyika yangu yakabudirira kugona tekinoroji yakakosha yekugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekuchengetera.
Muna Kubvumbi 2013, Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station yakaiswa mukushanda kwekugadzira magetsi; muna Kubvumbi 2016, Zhejiang Xianju Pumped Storage Power Station ine unit inokwana 375,000 kilowatts yakabudirira kubatana kune grid. Zvishandiso zvinozvimiririra zvemahombe-akakura ekuchengetera mapombi munyika yangu ave akakurumbira uye anoshandiswa nguva dzose.
chiteshi chemagetsi chekutanga chenyika yangu che 700-metres pumped-storage power station. Iyo yakazara yakaiswa inokwana 1.4 miriyoni kilowatts. Musi waChikumi 4, 2021, Unit 1 yakaiswa mukushanda kugadzira magetsi.
Chiteshi chemagetsi chepombi chine simba guru rakaiswa pasi rose chiri kuvakwa pari zvino. Iyo yakazara yakaiswa inokwana 3.6 miriyoni kilowatts.
Pumped storage ine hunhu hwekutanga, hwakazara uye hweveruzhinji. Inogona kutora chikamu mumasevhisi ekutonga kweiyo nyowani simba system sosi, network, mutoro uye kuchengetedza zvinongedzo, uye mabhenefiti akazara akanyanya kukosha. Inotakura simba remagetsi akachengeteka magetsi ekugadzirisa stabilizer, yakachena yakaderera-kabhoni balancer uye yakakwirira kushanda Kwakakosha basa reanomhanya regulator.
Yekutanga ndeyekunyatso kutarisana nekushaikwa kweakavimbika kuchengetedza kugona kwesimba remagetsi pasi pekupinda kwechikamu chepamusoro chesimba idzva. Nekubatsirwa kwemaitiro maviri epamusoro peak regulation, tinogona kuvandudza hukuru-hukuru hwepamusoro peak regulation simba remagetsi emagetsi, uye kuderedza dambudziko repamusoro rekupa mutoro rinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwesimba idzva uye mutoro wepamusoro unokonzerwa negomba. Matambudziko ekushandisa anokonzerwa nekukura kukuru kwesimba idzva panguva iyi anogona kukurudzira zvirinani kushandiswa kwesimba idzva.
Chechipiri ndechekutarisana nekusawirirana pakati pezvakabuda maitiro emagetsi matsva uye kudiwa kwemutoro, zvichienderana nekukwanisa kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kwekukurumidza kupindura, kugadzirisa zviri nani kune randomness uye kusagadzikana kwesimba idzva, uye kusangana nekugadzirisa kushanduka kwekuda kunounzwa nesimba idzva "zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze".
Chechitatu ndechekugadzirisa zvinobudirira nenguva isina kukwana ye inertia ye-high-proportion itsva simba remagetsi. Iine mukana weiyo yakakwirira nguva yeinertia yeiyo synchronous jenareta, inogona kunyatso kusimudzira anti-kuvhiringidza kugona kweiyo system uye kuchengetedza system frequency kugadzikana.
Yechina ndeyekunyatsotarisana nekukwanisa kuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro e "double-high" fomu pamagetsi matsva emagetsi, kutora basa rekuchengetedza kwechimbichimbi, uye kupindura kune zvidikanwi zvekugadzirisa kamwe kamwe nekukurumidza kutanga-kumira uye kukurumidza simba ramping simba. Panguva imwecheteyo, semutoro unovhiringidza, inogona kubvisa zvakachengeteka mutoro wakarongwa wepombi unit ine millisecond mhinduro, uye inovandudza kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakagadzikana kwegadziriro.
Yechishanu ndeyekunyatso kutarisana nepamusoro pekugadzirisa mutengo unounzwa nehukuru-hukuru hutsva hwemagetsi grid connection. Kuburikidza nenzira dzinonzwisisika dzekushanda, dzakasanganiswa nesimba rekupisa kuderedza kabhoni uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza kusiiwa kwemhepo uye chiedza, kukurudzira kugoverwa kwemasimba, nekuvandudza hupfumi hwese uye kushanda kwakachena kwehurongwa hwese.
Simbisai optimization nekubatanidza zviwanikwa zvezvivakwa, kuronga kuchengetedzwa, kunaka uye kufambira mberi kwemapurojekiti makumi matatu ari kuvakwa, kusimudzira zvine simba kuvaka kwemakani, kutonga kwehungwaru uye kuvaka kwakamisikidzwa, kukwidziridza nguva yekuvaka, uye kuona kuti pombi yekuchengetera inodarika mamirioni makumi maviri panguva ye "14th Five-Year Plan" nguva. kilowatts, uye simba rekushandisa rakaiswa richapfuura 70 miriyoni kilowatts panosvika 2030.
Chechipiri ndechekushanda nesimba pahutungamiriri hwakaonda. Kusimbisa kuronga kutungamira, kutarisana ne "dual kabhoni" chinangwa uye kuitwa kwekambani zano, gadziriro yemhando yepamusoro ye "14th-Makore mashanu" chirongwa chekusimudzira chekuchengetedza pombi. Sainzi gadzirisa maitiro ekutanga ebasa repurojekiti, uye kufambisira mberi chidzidzo chekugoneka kweprojekiti uye kubvumidzwa nenzira yakarongeka. Tichitarisa nezvekuchengetedza, mhando, nguva yekuvaka, uye mutengo, kusimudzira zvine hungwaru manejimendi uye kutonga, kuvaka mechan uye kuvaka kwakasvibira kwekuvaka engineering kuona kuti mapurojekiti ari kuvakwa anogona kuwana mabhenefiti nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
kudzamisa kutenderera kwehupenyu manejimendi emidziyo, kudzamisa tsvakiridzo pane yemagetsi grid sevhisi yezvikamu, gadzirisa hurongwa hwekushanda hwemayuniti, uye shanda zvizere kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakagadzikana kwegidhi remagetsi. Yakadzika-akawanda-dimensional akaremerwa manejimendi, mhanyisa kuvakwa kweazvino smart supply cheni, kunatsiridza sisitimu yekutonga zvinhu, nesainzi kugovera capital, zviwanikwa, tekinoroji, data uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira, zvine simba kuvandudza hunhu uye kushanda nesimba, uye kunyatsovandudza manejimendi kunyatsoshanda uye kushanda nesimba.
Chechitatu ndechekutsvaga mabhindauko muhunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji. Kuitwa kwakadzama kwe "New Leap Forward Action Plan" yekuvandudza kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kuwedzera mari mukutsvagisa kwesainzi, nekuvandudza kugona kwekuzvimiririra hunyanzvi. Wedzera kushandiswa kweiyo inochinja-mhanya yeyuniti tekinoroji, simbisa tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi uye kuvandudzwa kwe400-megawatt hombe-inokwana zvikamu, mhanyisa kuvakwa kwepombi-turbine modhi marabhoritari uye ekuenzanisa marabhoritari, uye ita nhamburiko yese kuvaka yakazvimirira yesainzi uye tekinoroji innovation chikuva.
Gadzirisa sainzi yekutsvagisa marongero uye kugovera zviwanikwa, simbisa tsvakiridzo pane yakakosha tekinoroji yekupombi yekuchengetedza, uye edza kukunda dambudziko rehunyanzvi re "yakanamira mutsipa". Zamisa tsvakiridzo pakushandiswa kwetekinoroji nyowani senge "Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain", yakazara kuendesa kuvakwa kwedhijitari akangwara magetsi zviteshi, uye nekumhanyisa shanduko yedhijitari yemabhizinesi.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-07-2022
