Pelton turbine (yomasuliridwanso: Pelton waterwheel kapena Bourdain turbine, English: Pelton wheel kapena Pelton Turbine) ndi mtundu wa turbine wamtundu, womwe unapangidwa ndi woyambitsa waku America Lester W. Wopangidwa ndi Alan Pelton. Ma turbine a Pelton amagwiritsa ntchito madzi kuyenda ndikugunda gudumu lamadzi kuti apeze mphamvu, zomwe ndizosiyana ndi gudumu lamadzi lojambulira mmwamba lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi kulemera kwa madzi. Mapangidwe a Pelton asanayambe kusindikizidwa, matembenuzidwe osiyanasiyana a makina opangira magetsi analipo, koma anali ocheperapo kusiyana ndi mapangidwe a Pelton. Madzi akachoka pagudumu lamadzi, madzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi liwiro, zomwe zimawononga mphamvu zambiri za gudumu lamadzi. Pelton's paddle geometry ndi kotero kuti chotsitsacho chimasiya choyikapo pa liwiro lochepa kwambiri pambuyo pothamanga pa theka la liwiro la jet lamadzi; Choncho, mapangidwe a Pelton amajambula mphamvu yamadzi pafupifupi yonse, kotero kuti Ali ndi makina opangira madzi othamanga kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa madzi othamanga kwambiri othamanga kwambiri amalowa mu payipi, mzere wa madzi amphamvu umayendetsedwa ku ma fan omwe amafanana ndi ndowa pa gudumu loyenda kudzera mu valve ya singano kuti ayendetse gudumu losuntha. Izi zimadziwikanso kuti ma fan fan blades, amazungulira mphepete mwa gudumu loyendetsa, ndipo palimodzi amatchedwa gudumu loyendetsa. (Onani chithunzi kuti mudziwe zambiri, Vintage Pelton Turbine). Pamene ndege yamadzi imasokoneza masamba a fan, kayendedwe ka madzi kamasintha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chidebecho. Mphamvu ya mphamvu ya madzi idzagwiritsa ntchito kamphindi pa chidebe cha madzi ndi kayendedwe ka gudumu, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito izi kuti mutembenuze gudumu loyenda; njira yoyendetsera madzi yokha ndi "yosasinthika", ndipo kutuluka kwa madzi kumayikidwa kunja kwa chidebe chamadzi, ndipo kuthamanga kwa madzi kumatsika kutsika kwambiri. Panthawiyi, mphamvu ya jet yamadzimadzi idzasamutsidwa ku gudumu losuntha ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku makina opangira madzi. Chifukwa chake "kugwedeza" kumatha kugwira ntchito pa turbine. Pofuna kukulitsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya ntchito ya turbine, makina ozungulira ndi makina opangira magetsi amapangidwa kuti azitha kuwirikiza kawiri liwiro la jet yamadzimadzi pa chidebe. Ndipo gawo laling'ono kwambiri la mphamvu ya kinetic yapachiyambi ya jet yamadzimadzi idzakhalabe m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chidebecho chikhale chopanda kanthu ndikudzaza pa liwiro lomwelo (onani kusungirako misala), kotero kuti madzi owonjezera othamanga kwambiri amatha kupitiriza kubayidwa popanda kusokoneza. Palibe mphamvu yomwe iyenera kutayidwa. Nthawi zambiri, zidebe ziwiri zimayikidwa mbali ndi mbali pa rotor, zomwe zidzalola kuti madzi ayendetsedwe kukhala mapaipi awiri ofanana a jetting (onani chithunzi). kasinthidwe kameneka mphamvu mbali katundu pa ozungulira ndi kumathandiza kuonetsetsa yosalala, pamene mphamvu kinetic ku Jets madzimadzi ndi anasamutsidwa kwa hydro chopangira chozungulira rotor.
Popeza madzi ndi zakumwa zambiri zimakhala zosasunthika, pafupifupi mphamvu zonse zomwe zilipo zimatengedwa mu gawo loyamba pambuyo poti madziwo alowa mu turbine. Komano, ma turbine a Pelton ali ndi gawo limodzi lokha losuntha, mosiyana ndi ma turbine a gasi omwe amagwira ntchito pamadzi okhazikika.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito Ma turbine a Pelton ndi amodzi mwama turbines abwino kwambiri opangira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndipo ndi mtundu woyenera kwambiri wamagetsi opangira chilengedwe pomwe gwero lamadzi lomwe lilipo lili ndi mitu yayitali kwambiri komanso kutsika kochepa. ogwira. Choncho, pamutu wapamwamba ndi malo otsika otsika, turbine ya Pelton ndiyothandiza kwambiri, ngakhale itagawanika kukhala mitsinje iwiri, imakhalabe ndi mphamvu zomwezo m'maganizo. Komanso, machubu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitsinje iwiri ya jakisoni ayenera kukhala amtundu wofananira, imodzi yomwe imafunikira chubu lalitali lopyapyala ndipo linalo lalifupi lalifupi chubu. Ma turbine a Pelton amatha kukhazikitsidwa m'malo amitundu yonse. Pali kale zomera zamagetsi zamagetsi zokhala ndi ma hydraulic vertical shaft Pelton turbines mu gulu la matani. Kuyika kwake kwakukulu kumatha kukhala mpaka 200 MW. Ma turbine ang'onoang'ono a Pelton, kumbali ina, ndi mainchesi ochepa okha ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa mphamvu kuchokera ku mitsinje yomwe imayenda magaloni ochepa chabe pamphindi. Makina ena apakhomo am'nyumba amagwiritsa ntchito mawilo amadzi amtundu wa Pelton popereka madzi. Ma turbine ang'onoang'ono a Pelton awa amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamtunda wa 30 mapazi (9.1 m) kapena kupitilira apo kuti apange mphamvu yayikulu. Pakalipano, malinga ndi kayendedwe ka madzi ndi mapangidwe ake, kutalika kwa mutu wa malo opangira makina opangira magetsi a Pelton makamaka kumakhala pamtunda wa 49 mpaka 5,905 mapazi (14.9 mpaka 1,799.8 mamita), koma palibe malire ongoyerekeza pakali pano.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-02-2022
