Kusungirako pompopompo ndiye ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima pakusungirako mphamvu zazikulu, ndipo mphamvu zoyika za malo opangira magetsi zimatha kufikira ma gigawatts. Pakalipano, malo okhwima kwambiri komanso aakulu kwambiri osungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi ndi hydro pumped.
Tekinoloje yosungiramo pompopompo ndi yokhwima komanso yokhazikika, yokhala ndi maubwino ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwongolera komanso kusunga zosunga zobwezeretsera. Kusungirako pompopompo ndiye ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima pakusungirako mphamvu zazikulu, ndipo mphamvu zoyika za malo opangira magetsi zimatha kufikira ma gigawatts.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira za Energy Storage Professional Committee ya China Energy Research Association, ma pumped hydro ndiye malo osungira mphamvu okhwima komanso akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pofika chaka cha 2019, mphamvu yosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi idafikira ma kilowatts 180 miliyoni, ndipo mphamvu yoyikapo yamagetsi yopopera idapitilira ma kilowatts 170 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 94% ya mphamvu zonse zosungira padziko lapansi.
Malo opangira magetsi opopera amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi omwe amapangidwa panthawi yamagetsi otsika kwambiri popopa madzi kupita pamalo okwera kuti asungidwe, ndikutulutsa madzi kuti apange magetsi panthawi yamphamvu kwambiri. Pamene katunduyo ali wochepa, malo opangira magetsi opopera ndi wogwiritsa ntchito; pamene katundu ali pachimake, ndi magetsi.
Chigawo chosungirako chopopera chili ndi ntchito ziwiri zofunika: kupopera madzi ndi kupanga magetsi. Chigawochi chimagwira ntchito ngati turbine yamadzi pamene katundu wamagetsi ali pachimake. Kutsegula kwa kalozera vane ya turbine madzi ndi kusintha kudzera kazembe dongosolo, ndi kuthekera mphamvu madzi n'kukhala mphamvu mawotchi a unit kasinthasintha, ndiyeno mphamvu mawotchi amasandulika mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera jenereta;
Pamene katundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi ali otsika, mpope wamadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera madzi kuchokera kumtsinje wapansi kupita kumtunda wapamwamba. Kupyolera mukusintha kwadongosolo kwa kazembe, kutsegulira kwa kalozera kumasinthidwa zokha malinga ndi kukweza kwa pampu, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamadzi ndikusungidwa. .
Malo opangira magetsi opopera ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wowongolera kwambiri, kuwongolera pafupipafupi, kusungitsa zinthu mwadzidzidzi komanso kuyambitsa kwakuda kwamagetsi, komwe kumatha kuwongolera ndikuwongolera mphamvu yamagetsi, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi ndi phindu lazachuma pamakina amagetsi, ndipo ndi msana woonetsetsa kuti gululi lamagetsi likuyenda bwino, pazachuma komanso mokhazikika. . Makina opangira magetsi opopera amadziwika kuti "stabilizers", "regulators" ndi "balancers" pakugwira ntchito kotetezeka kwa ma gridi amagetsi.
Chitukuko cha malo opangira magetsi opopera padziko lonse lapansi ndi mutu wapamwamba, mphamvu yayikulu komanso liwiro lalikulu. Mutu wapamwamba umatanthawuza kuti gawolo limakula mpaka kumutu wapamwamba, mphamvu yaikulu imatanthauza kuti mphamvu ya unit imodzi ikuwonjezeka mosalekeza, ndipo kuthamanga kumatanthauza kuti chipangizocho chimatenga liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri.
Mapangidwe a siteshoni yamagetsi ndi mawonekedwe
Nyumba zazikulu za malo opangira magetsi opopera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo: malo osungira chapamwamba, mosungiramo pansi, makina operekera madzi, malo ochitirako misonkhano ndi nyumba zina zapadera. Poyerekeza ndi malo wamba wamagetsi amagetsi, zida zama hydraulic za malo opangira magetsi opopera zili ndi izi:
Pali malo osungira chapamwamba ndi apansi. Poyerekeza ndi malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi wamba omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyikika yofanana, mphamvu yosungiramo malo opangira magetsi opopera nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono.
Madzi a m'madzi amadzimadzi amasinthasintha kwambiri ndipo amakwera ndi kutsika kawirikawiri. Kuti mugwire ntchito yometa kwambiri komanso kudzaza zigwa mu gridi yamagetsi, kusinthika kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa madzi osungiramo madzi osungiramo magetsi kumakhala kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kumapitilira 10-20 metres, ndipo malo ena opangira magetsi amafikira 30-40 metres, komanso kusintha kwamadzi osungiramo madzi kumakhala mwachangu, ~00mm / h.
Zofunikira popewa kusemphana ndi madzi am'madzi ndizokwera kwambiri. Ngati malo opangira magetsi opopera oyeretsa amapangitsa kuti madzi awonongeke kwambiri chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa dziwe lapamwamba, mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi idzachepetsedwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pofuna kuteteza madzi kuti asawonongeke m'dera la polojekitiyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi awonongeke komanso kuti madzi asasunthike kwambiri, zofunikira zapamwamba zimayikidwanso kuti madzi asawonongeke.
Mutu wamadzi ndi wapamwamba. Mutu wa malo opangira magetsi opopera nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera, makamaka 200-800 metres. Malo opangira magetsi opopera a Jixi okhala ndi mphamvu yoyikapo ma kilowatts 1.8 miliyoni ndi projekiti yoyamba ya dziko langa ya chigawo cha mutu wa 650 metres, ndipo siteshoni yamagetsi yopopera ya Dunhua yokhala ndi mphamvu yoyikapo ya ma kilowati 1.4 miliyoni ndi projekiti yoyamba ya gawo la mutu wa mita 700 m'dziko langa. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha teknoloji yosungiramo kupopera, chiwerengero cha malo opangira magetsi apamwamba kwambiri m'dziko langa chidzawonjezeka.
Chipangizocho chimayikidwa pamalo otsika. Pofuna kuthana ndi chikoka cha kugwedezeka ndi kuphulika kwa magetsi, malo akuluakulu osungira magetsi opopera omwe amamangidwa kunyumba ndi kunja m'zaka zaposachedwa amatenga mawonekedwe a nyumba zopangira magetsi mobisa.
Malo opangira magetsi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi ndi makina opangira magetsi a Netra pumped-storage ku Zurich, Switzerland, omwe anamangidwa mu 1882. Gawo loyamba la oblique flow reversible unit linakhazikitsidwa ku Gangnan Reservoir mu 1968. Pambuyo pake, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale opangira mphamvu zapakhomo, mphamvu yoyika mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi mphamvu yotentha inakula mofulumira, zomwe zimafuna kuti dongosolo lamagetsi likhale ndi zida zosungiramo zopopera.
Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1980, dziko la China layamba kumanga mwamphamvu malo akuluakulu osungira magetsi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha chuma cha dziko langa ndi mafakitale amagetsi, dziko langa lakwaniritsa zopindulitsa zasayansi ndi zamakono pazida zodziyimira pawokha zazikulu zosungirako zopopera.
Pofika kumapeto kwa 2020, mphamvu zomwe dziko langa zidayika zopangira magetsi opopera zidakwana 31.49 miliyoni kilowatts, chiwonjezeko cha 4.0% kuposa chaka chatha. Mu 2020, mphamvu zopangira magetsi opopera m'dziko lonselo zinali 33.5 biliyoni kWh, kuchuluka kwa 5.0% kuposa chaka chatha; Mphamvu yopangira magetsi yopopera yosungira kumene mdziko muno inali 1.2 miliyoni kWh. malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi opopera m'dziko langa omwe akupangidwa komanso omwe akumangidwa ali pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.
State Grid Corporation yaku China nthawi zonse yakhala ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha malo osungiramo madzi. Pakali pano, State Grid ili ndi malo opangira magetsi opopera 22 omwe akugwira ntchito komanso malo opangira magetsi okwana 30 omwe akumangidwa.
Mu 2016, ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi opopera asanu ku Zhen'an, Shaanxi, Jurong, Jiangsu, Qingyuan, Liaoning, Xiamen, Fujian, ndi Fukang, Xinjiang inayamba;
Mu 2017, ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi asanu ndi limodzi ku Yi County ya Hebei, Zhirui ya Inner Mongolia, Ninghai ya Zhejiang, Jinyun ya Zhejiang, Luoning ya Henan ndi Pingjiang ya Hunan inayamba;
Mu 2019, ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi asanu ku Funing ku Hebei, Jiaohe ku Jilin, Qujiang ku Zhejiang, Weifang ku Shandong, ndi Hami ku Xinjiang kunayamba;
Mu 2020, malo anayi opangira magetsi opopera ku Shanxi Yuanqu, Shanxi Hunyuan, Zhejiang Pan'an, ndi Shandong Tai'an Phase II ayamba kumanga.
malo opangira magetsi opopera oyambira mdziko langa okhala ndi zida zodziyimira pawokha. Mu Okutobala 2011, malo opangira magetsi adamalizidwa bwino, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti dziko langa lachita bwino luso laukadaulo lokulitsa zida zopopera.
Mu Epulo 2013, Fujian Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo kuti apange magetsi; mu April 2016, Zhejiang Xianju Pumped Storage Power Station yokhala ndi unit mphamvu ya 375,000 kilowatts idalumikizidwa bwino ndi gridi. Zipangizo zodziyimira pawokha zamagawo akulu amapope osungira m'dziko langa zakhala zikudziwika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza.
malo oyamba amagetsi opangira magetsi a 700 m'dziko langa. Mphamvu zonse zomwe zayikidwa ndi ma kilowatts 1.4 miliyoni. Pa Juni 4, 2021, Unit 1 idayamba kugwira ntchito yopanga magetsi.
Malo opangira magetsi opopera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi akumangidwa. Mphamvu zonse zomwe zayikidwa ndi ma kilowatts 3.6 miliyoni.
Pumped yosungirako ali ndi makhalidwe zofunika, mabuku ndi anthu. Itha kutenga nawo gawo muzowongolera zamakina atsopano amagetsi, maulalo amtaneti, katundu ndi kusungirako, ndipo zopindulitsa zonse ndizofunika kwambiri. Imanyamula makina oyendetsera magetsi otetezeka, choyezera mpweya wocheperako komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri Ntchito yofunikira ya chowongolera chothamanga.
Yoyamba ndiyo kuthana bwino ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu zodalirika zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi pansi pa kulowerera kwa mphamvu zatsopano. Pokhala ndi mwayi waulamuliro wa nsonga zapawiri, titha kuwongolera mphamvu zazikuluzikulu zoyendetsera mphamvu zamagetsi, ndikuchepetsa vuto lazomwe zimaperekedwa chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa mphamvu zatsopano komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa chamtsinje. Zovuta zakumwa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakukula kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zatsopano panthawiyi zitha kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano.
Chachiwiri ndikuthana bwino ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu zatsopano ndi kufunikira kwa katundu, kudalira mphamvu yosinthika yosinthika ya kuyankha mwachangu, kuti agwirizane bwino ndi kusakhazikika komanso kusasunthika kwa mphamvu zatsopano, komanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira zosinthika zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi mphamvu zatsopano "malingana ndi nyengo".
Chachitatu ndikuthana bwino ndi mphindi yosakwanira ya inertia yamphamvu yamphamvu yatsopano yamagetsi. Ndi mwayi wa nthawi yayitali ya inertia ya jenereta ya synchronous, imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zotsutsana ndi zosokoneza za dongosolo ndikusunga kukhazikika kwadongosolo pafupipafupi.
Chachinayi ndikuchita bwino ndi zotsatira za chitetezo cha "kawiri-mkulu" mawonekedwe pa mphamvu yatsopano yamagetsi, kuganiza ntchito yosungiramo zinthu zadzidzidzi, ndikuyankha zofunikira zosintha mwadzidzidzi nthawi iliyonse ndi mphamvu zoyambira mofulumira komanso mofulumira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, monga katundu wosokonezeka, amatha kuchotsa bwinobwino chiwerengero cha kupopera kwachitsulo ndi kuyankha kwa millisecond, ndikuwongolera ntchito yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika ya dongosolo.
Chachisanu ndikuchita bwino ndi ndalama zambiri zosinthira zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa gridi yamagetsi. Kupyolera mu njira zomveka zogwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zotentha zochepetsera mpweya ndi kuonjezera mphamvu, kuchepetsa kutayidwa kwa mphepo ndi kuwala, kulimbikitsa kugawidwa kwa mphamvu, ndi kukonza chuma chonse ndi ntchito yoyera ya dongosolo lonse.
Limbikitsani kukhathamiritsa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zomangamanga, kugwirizanitsa chitetezo, kasamalidwe kabwino ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ma projekiti 30 omwe akumangidwa, kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu zomanga zamakina, kuwongolera mwanzeru ndi zomangamanga zokhazikika, kukhathamiritsa nthawi yomanga, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yosungiramo madzi ipitilira 20 miliyoni panthawi ya "14th Five-Year Plan". kilowatts, ndipo mphamvu yoyikapo idzapitirira ma kilowatts 70 miliyoni pofika 2030.
Chachiwiri ndikugwira ntchito molimbika pa kasamalidwe kotsamira. Kulimbikitsa malangizo okonzekera, kukhazikika pa cholinga cha "carbon wapawiri" ndikukhazikitsa njira ya kampaniyo, kukonzekera kwapamwamba kwa dongosolo lachitukuko la "14th Year Five" losungirako popopera. Konzani mwasayansi njira zoyambira zogwirira ntchito, ndikupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wotheka ndi kuvomereza polojekitiyi mwadongosolo. Kuyang'ana pa chitetezo, khalidwe, nthawi yomanga, ndi mtengo, kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Kuzama kasamalidwe ka zida zamagetsi, kukulitsa kafukufuku wamagulu amagetsi amagetsi, konzani njira zogwirira ntchito zamayunitsi, ndikupatseni magwiridwe antchito otetezeka komanso okhazikika a gridi yamagetsi. Kukulitsa kasamalidwe kotsamira kosiyanasiyana, kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga njira zamakono zoperekera zinthu mwanzeru, kukonza kasamalidwe ka zinthu, kugawa ndalama mwasayansi, zothandizira, ukadaulo, deta ndi zinthu zina zopangira, kuwongolera mwamphamvu komanso kuchita bwino, ndikuwongolera bwino kasamalidwe koyenera komanso magwiridwe antchito.
Chachitatu ndi kufunafuna zopambana mu luso lazopangapanga. Kukhazikitsa mozama kwa "New Leap Forward Action Plan" pazatsopano zasayansi ndiukadaulo, kukulitsa ndalama mu kafukufuku wasayansi, ndikuwongolera luso lodzipangira okha. Wonjezerani kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira zida zamakono, kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wamakono ndi chitukuko cha mayunitsi akuluakulu a 400-megawatt, kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga ma labotale a pampu-turbine chitsanzo ndi ma laboratories ofananitsa, ndikuchita zonse zomwe mungathe kumanga nsanja yodziyimira payokha ya sayansi ndi luso laukadaulo.
Konzani masanjidwe a kafukufuku wasayansi ndi kugawa kwazinthu, limbitsani kafukufuku waukadaulo wamakina osungira, ndipo yesetsani kuthana ndi vuto laukadaulo la "khosi lokhazikika". Limbikitsani kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano monga "Big Cloud IoT Smart Chain", tumizani mokwanira ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi anzeru, ndikufulumizitsa kusintha kwa digito kwamabizinesi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-07-2022
