M'maso mwa anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito zotetezera ntchito, chitetezo cha ntchito ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino kwambiri. Ngoziyo isanachitike, sitidziwa chomwe chingachitike ngozi yotsatira. Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo cholunjika: Mwatsatanetsatane, sitinakwaniritse ntchito zathu zoyang'anira, chiwopsezo cha ngozi chinali 0.001%, ndipo titakwaniritsa ntchito zathu zoyang'anira, chiwopsezo cha ngozi chidachepetsedwa kakhumi kufika pa 0.0001%, koma chinali 0,0001% chomwe chingayambitse ngozi zachitetezo cha kupanga. Kuthekera kwakung'ono. Sitingathe kuthetseratu zoopsa zobisika za kupanga chitetezo. Tikhoza kunena kuti timayesetsa kulimbana ndi zoopsa zobisika, kuchepetsa zoopsa, komanso kuchepetsa ngozi. Kupatula apo, anthu oyenda pamsewu amatha kuponda mwangozi peel ya nthochi ndikusweka, osasiyanso bizinesi yabwinobwino. Zomwe tingachite ndikutengera malamulo ndi malamulo oyenerera, ndikuchita ntchito yoyenerayo mosamala. Tinaphunzirapo kanthu pa ngoziyi, kupitiriza kukhathamiritsa ntchito yathu, ndi kupititsa patsogolo tsatanetsatane wa ntchito yathu.
M'malo mwake, pali mapepala ambiri okhudzana ndi chitetezo pamakampani opanga mphamvu zamagetsi pakali pano, koma pakati pawo, pali mapepala ambiri omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakumanga malingaliro otetezeka opangira zida ndi kukonza zida, ndipo phindu lawo ndilotsika, ndipo malingaliro ambiri amachokera kumakampani okhwima otsogola kwambiri amagetsi apamadzi. Kasamalidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake
1. Yang'anirani kwambiri machitidwe a akuluakulu omwe akuyang'anira
Choyamba, tiyenera kukhala omveka bwino: munthu wamkulu amene amayang'anira magetsi ang'onoang'ono a hydropower ndiye munthu woyamba yemwe ali ndi udindo wa chitetezo cha bizinesi. Choncho, mu ntchito yopangira chitetezo, chinthu choyamba choyenera kuganizira ndi ntchito ya munthu wamkulu yemwe amayang'anira magetsi ang'onoang'ono a hydropower, makamaka kuyang'ana kukhazikitsidwa kwa maudindo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ndi malamulo, ndi ndalama zopangira chitetezo.
Malangizo
Ndime 91 ya "Lamulo Lopanga Zachitetezo" Ngati munthu wamkulu yemwe amayang'anira gawo lopanga ndi bizinesi alephera kuchita ntchito zoyang'anira chitetezo monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu lamuloli, adzalamulidwa kuti akonzenso pakadutsa nthawi; ngati alephera kuwongolera nthawi yomwe yaperekedwa, adzapatsidwa chindapusa chosachepera 20,000 yuan koma osapitilira 50,000 yuan. Onjezani magawo opanga ndi mabizinesi kuti ayimitse kupanga ndi bizinesi kuti ikonzedwe.
Ndime 7 ya "Measures for Supervision and Administration of Electric Power Production Safety": Munthu wamkulu yemwe amayang'anira bizinesi yamagetsi amagetsi adzakhala ndi udindo wokwanira pachitetezo cha ntchito yagawo. Ogwira ntchito m'mabizinesi opangira mphamvu zamagetsi azikwaniritsa udindo wawo wokhudzana ndi kupanga kotetezeka malinga ndi lamulo.
2. Kukhazikitsa dongosolo la udindo wopanga chitetezo
Pangani "Safety Production Management Responsibility List" kuti mugwiritse ntchito "ntchito" ndi "udindo" wachitetezo chopanga kwa anthu ena, ndipo mgwirizano wa "ntchito" ndi "udindo" ndi "ntchito." kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko langa kwa maudindo opanga chitetezo kungayambike ku "Zomwe Zingapo Pa Kupititsa patsogolo Chitetezo mu Zopanga Zamakampani" ("Zopereka Zisanu") zomwe zinalengezedwa ndi State Council pa March 30, 1963. "Malamulo Asanu" amafuna kuti atsogoleri pamagulu onse, m'madipatimenti ogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito zaumisiri ndi luso, ndi ogwira ntchito zopanga kufotokozera momveka bwino ntchito za chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito.
Kunena zoona, ndizosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, ndani ali ndi udindo wophunzitsa zachitetezo? Ndani amakonza zoyeserera zadzidzidzi? Ndani ali ndi udindo woyang'anira zoopsa zobisika za zida zopangira? Ndani ali ndi udindo woyang'anira ndi kukonza njira zotumizira ndi kugawa?
Poyang'anira kwathu mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono, titha kupeza kuti maudindo ang'onoang'ono opangira chitetezo cha hydropower sakuwonekera bwino. Ngakhale maudindowo afotokozedwa momveka bwino, kukhazikitsidwa sikukhutiritsa.
3. Pangani malamulo ndi malamulo opangira chitetezo
Kwa makampani opanga magetsi amadzi, njira yosavuta komanso yofunikira kwambiri ndi "mavoti awiri ndi machitidwe atatu": matikiti ogwirira ntchito, matikiti ogwirira ntchito, makina osinthira, makina oyendera maulendo, ndi makina oyendera nthawi ndi nthawi. Komabe, pakuwunika kwenikweni, tidapeza kuti antchito ang'onoang'ono amagetsi opangira madzi samamvetsetsa kuti "dongosolo la mavoti awiri-atatu" ndi chiyani. Ngakhale m'malo ena opangira magetsi amadzi, sakanatha kupeza tikiti yantchito kapena tikiti yogwirira ntchito, komanso malo ambiri ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi. Malamulo ndi malamulo opangira chitetezo cha Hydropower nthawi zambiri amamalizidwa pomwe siteshoni imamangidwa, koma sanasinthidwe. Mu 2019, ndidapita pamalo opangira magetsi amadzi ndikuwona "2004 system" yachikasu "XX Hydropower Station Safety Production" pakhoma. "Management System", mu "Division of Responsibilities Table", ogwira ntchito onse kusiyapo mkulu wa siteshoniyo sakugwiranso ntchito pa siteshoniyi.
Funsani ogwira ntchito pasiteshoni kuti: “Zidziwitso za bungwe loyang’anira zomwe muli nazo sizinasinthidwebe, sichoncho?”
Yankho linali lakuti: “Pamenepo pali anthu oŵerengeka chabe, sanafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo woyang’anira siteshoni amawasamalira onse.”
Ndinafunsa kuti: "Kodi woyang'anira malowa adalandira maphunziro opangira chitetezo? Kodi mwakhala ndi msonkhano wopanga chitetezo? Kodi mwachitapo kanthu kopanga chitetezo chokwanira? Kodi pali mafayilo ndi zolemba zoyenera? Kodi pali akaunti yobisika yoopsa?"
Yankho linali lakuti: “Ndine watsopano kuno, sindikudziwa.
Ndidatsegula fomu ya "2017 XX Power Station Staff Contact Information" ndikuloza dzina lake: "Ndiwe uyu?"
Yankho linali lakuti: “Chabwino, ndangokhala kuno kwa zaka zitatu kapena zisanu.”
Izi zikuwonetsa kuti munthu yemwe amayang'anira bizinesiyo salabadira kakhazikitsidwe ndi kasamalidwe ka malamulo ndi malamulo, ndipo sakudziwa za kasamalidwe ka chitetezo. M'malo mwake, m'malingaliro athu: kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yopangira chitetezo yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo ndi malamulo ndikugwirizana ndi momwe bizinesi ilili ndiyothandiza kwambiri. Kasamalidwe koyenera kopanga chitetezo.
Chifukwa chake, poyang'anira, chinthu choyamba chomwe timafufuza si malo opangira, koma kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi malamulo, kuphatikiza, koma osalekezera pakupanga mndandanda waudindo wopanga chitetezo, kukulitsa malamulo ndi malamulo opangira chitetezo, kakulidwe ka njira zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuyankha mwadzidzidzi kwa ogwira ntchito. Mkhalidwe wobwereza, chitukuko cha maphunziro a chitetezo cha kupanga ndi ndondomeko zophunzitsira, zipangizo zogwirira ntchito zotetezera chitetezo, zolemba zowunikira chitetezo, zolemba zobisika zoyang'anira zoopsa, maphunziro a chidziwitso cha chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndi zida zowunikira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe oyang'anira chitetezo ndi kusintha kwa nthawi yeniyeni ya magawo ogwira ntchito.
Zikuoneka kuti pali zinthu zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa, koma kwenikweni sizili zovuta komanso mtengo wake siwokwera. Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi amatha kukwanitsa. Osachepera sizovuta kupanga malamulo ndi malamulo. Zovuta; sikovuta kuchita kubowola kwadzidzidzi kwadzidzidzi pofuna kupewa kusefukira kwa madzi, kupewa ngozi zapamtunda, kupewa moto, komanso kutulutsa mwadzidzidzi kamodzi pachaka.
Chachinayi, kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama zopanga zizikhala zotetezeka
Poyang'anira mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono opangira mphamvu zamagetsi, tidapeza kuti makampani ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi samatsimikizira kuti akuyenera kuyika ndalama pakupanga kotetezeka. Tengani chitsanzo chosavuta: zida zambiri zazing'ono zozimitsa moto za hydropower (zozimitsa moto za m'manja, zozimitsira moto zamtundu wa ngolo, zida zozimitsa moto ndi zida Zothandizira) zonse zakonzedwa kuti zidutse kuyang'anira moto ndikuvomereza pomwe siteshoni ikumangidwa, ndipo pamakhala kusowa kosamalira pambuyo pake. Zochitika zodziwika bwino ndi izi: zozimitsa moto zimalephera kutsata "Lamulo la Chitetezo cha Moto" zomwe zimayenera kuyang'aniridwa pachaka, zozimitsa moto zimakhala zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimalephera, ndipo zida zozimitsa moto zimatsekedwa ndi zinyalala ndipo sizingatsegulidwe mwachizolowezi , Kuthamanga kwa madzi kwa bomba lamoto sikukwanira, ndipo chitoliro cha moto chimakalamba ndi kusweka ndipo sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse.
Kuwunika kwapachaka kwa zida zozimitsa moto kumafotokozedwa momveka bwino mu "Lamulo la Chitetezo cha Moto". Tengani nthawi yathu yoyendera yanthawi zonse yapachaka ya zozimitsira moto monga chitsanzo: zozimitsira moto zonyamula komanso zamtundu wa ngolo. Ndipo zozimitsa moto zonyamulika komanso zamtundu wa ngolo ya carbon dioxide zatha kwa zaka zisanu, ndipo zaka ziwiri zilizonse pambuyo pake, kuyenderako monga kuyezetsa ma hydraulic kuyenera kuchitika.
M'malo mwake, "kupanga kotetezeka" m'njira zambiri kumaphatikizanso chitetezo chaumoyo wa ogwira ntchito. Kupereka chitsanzo chosavuta: chinthu chimodzi chomwe akatswiri onse opanga magetsi opangira mphamvu zamagetsi amachidziwa ndikuti makina opangira madzi amakhala phokoso. Izi zimafuna chipinda chapakati choyang'anira moyandikana ndi chipinda cha makompyuta kuti chikhale ndi malo abwino oletsa mawu. Ngati malo otchingira mawu ndi osatsimikizika, ayenera kukhala ndi zomangira m'makutu zochepetsera phokoso ndi zida zina. Komabe, m'malo mwake, wolembayo wakhala akuwongolera zambiri zapakati pa malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi omwe ali ndi phokoso lambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ogwira ntchito muofesi sasangalala ndi chitetezo chamtundu wotere, ndipo n'zosavuta kuyambitsa matenda oopsa a ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito m'kupita kwanthawi. Chifukwa chake iyi ndi gawo limodzi lazachuma zomwe kampaniyo ikuchita powonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino.
Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zopangira chitetezo m'mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi kuti awonetsetse kuti ogwira ntchito atha kupeza ziphaso ndi ziphaso zoyenera potenga nawo gawo pamaphunziro. Nkhaniyi idzakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Chachisanu, kuwonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ali ndi satifiketi yogwira ntchito
Kuvuta kulemba ndi kuphunzitsa antchito ovomerezeka ovomerezeka ndi kukonza nthawi zonse kwakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zowawa kwambiri zamagetsi ang'onoang'ono a hydropower. Kumbali imodzi, malipiro a hydropower ang'onoang'ono ndi ovuta kukopa aluso oyenerera komanso aluso. Kumbali ina, chiwongola dzanja cha antchito ang'onoang'ono opangira mphamvu yamadzi ndi chokwera. Kutsika kwa maphunziro a akatswiri kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti makampani azitha kulipira ndalama zambiri zophunzitsira. Komabe, izi ziyenera kuchitidwa. Malinga ndi "Safety Production Law" ndi "Power Grid Dispatching Management Regulations," ogwira ntchito pa hydropower station atha kulamulidwa kuti akonzenso pakapita nthawi, kulamulidwa kuyimitsa kupanga ndi kugwira ntchito, ndikulipitsidwa chindapusa.
Chinthu chimodzi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri n’chakuti m’nyengo yozizira ya chaka china, ndinapita pamalo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi pamadzi kuti ndikafufuze mozama ndipo ndinapeza kuti m’chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha pamalo opangira magetsi munali masitovu aŵiri a magetsi. Pankhani yaing’onoyo, anandiuza kuti: Dera la ng’anjo yamagetsi yatenthedwa ndipo silitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, choncho ndiyenera kupeza mbuye woti andikonze.
Ndinasangalala pomwepo: “Kodi ulibe satifiketi ya katswiri wa zamagetsi pamene uli pa ntchito pa siteshoni ya magetsi?
Anatenga “Satifiketi Yake Yamagetsi” m’kabati yosungiramo mafayilo ndi kuyankha kwa ine kuti: “Satifiketiyo ilipo, komabe n’kovuta kuikonza.”
Izi zikutipatsa zofunikira zitatu:
Choyamba ndi kufuna kuti woyang'anira athetse mavuto monga "sadzayang'anira, kulimba mtima, ndi kusafuna kuyang'anira", ndikulimbikitsa eni ake ang'onoang'ono amagetsi kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi satifiketi; chachiwiri ndichofuna eni mabizinesi kuti adziwitse zachitetezo chamakampani ndikuyang'anira ndikuthandizira ogwira ntchito kupeza ziphaso zoyenera. , Kupititsa patsogolo luso; Chachitatu ndi kufuna kuti ogwira ntchito m'mabizinesi atenge nawo mbali pamaphunziro ndi kuphunzira, kupeza ziphaso zoyenera ndikuwongolera luso lawo laukadaulo komanso luso lopanga chitetezo, kuti ateteze chitetezo chawo.
Malangizo:
Ndime 11 ya Malamulo a Kasamalidwe ka Kutumiza kwa Magetsi Ogwira ntchito mu kachitidwe kotumizira anthu ayenera kuphunzitsidwa, kuunika ndi kulandila satifiketi asanatenge maudindo awo.
"Lamulo Lopanga Zachitetezo" Ndime 27 Ogwira ntchito mwapadera opanga ndi mabizinesi akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera zachitetezo molingana ndi malamulo aboma ndikupeza ziyeneretso zofananira asanagwire ntchito.
Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, chitani ntchito yabwino pakuwongolera mafayilo
Kuwongolera mafayilo ndizinthu zomwe makampani ang'onoang'ono opangira mphamvu zamagetsi amatha kunyalanyaza mosavuta pakuwongolera chitetezo. Eni mabizinesi nthawi zambiri samazindikira kuti kasamalidwe ka mafayilo ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera mkati mwabizinesi. Kumbali imodzi, kasamalidwe kabwino ka mafayilo amalola woyang'anira kuti amvetsetse mwachindunji. Kuthekera kwa kasamalidwe ka chitetezo chabizinesi, njira zowongolera, ndi kasamalidwe koyenera, kumbali ina, kungathenso kukakamiza makampani kuti akwaniritse udindo wowongolera chitetezo.
Tikamagwira ntchito yoyang'anira, nthawi zambiri timanena kuti tiyenera "kulimbikira komanso kukhululukidwa", zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera chitetezo chamakampani: kudzera muzosunga zakale kuti tithandizire "kulimbikira", timayesetsa "kukhululukidwa" pambuyo pa ngozi zamavuto.
Kusamala: Kumatanthauza kuchita bwino paudindo.
Kukhululukidwa: Pambuyo pa zochitika za mlandu, munthu amene ali ndi udindo ayenera kukhala ndi udindo walamulo, koma chifukwa cha makonzedwe apadera a lamulo kapena malamulo ena apadera, udindo walamulo ukhoza kumasulidwa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu, ndiko kuti, osati kutenga udindo walamulo.
Malangizo:
Ndime 94 ya "Lamulo Lopanga Zachitetezo" Ngati bungwe lopanga ndi bizinesi likuchita chimodzi mwazinthu zotsatirazi, lidzalamulidwa kuti likonzenso pakadutsa nthawi ndipo litha kulipitsidwa ndalama zosakwana 50,000 yuan; ngati ilephera kukonza mkati mwa nthawi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa, idzalamulidwa kuyimitsa kupanga ndi ntchito kuti ikonzenso, ndikulipira chindapusa chopitilira 50,000 yuan. Pa chindapusa chosakwana 10,000 yuan, munthu amene ali ndi udindo komanso anthu ena omwe ali ndi udindo azilipira chindapusa chosachepera 10,000 yuan koma osapitilira 20,000 yuan:
(1) Kulephera kukhazikitsa bungwe loyang'anira chitetezo chopanga kapena kukonzekeretsa ogwira ntchito yoyang'anira chitetezo malinga ndi malamulo;
(2) The waukulu udindo anthu ndi chitetezo kupanga kasamalidwe ogwira ntchito kupanga, ntchito, ndi mayunitsi yosungirako zinthu zoopsa, migodi, zitsulo smelting, nyumba yomanga, ndi mayunitsi zoyendera misewu sizinapitirire kuwunika malinga ndi malamulo;
(3) Kulephera kuchititsa maphunziro okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito, otumizidwa, ndi omwe akuphunzitsidwa motsatira malamulo, kapena kulephera kudziwitsa zachitetezo choyenera malinga ndi malamulo:
(4) Kulephera kulemba moona chitetezo kupanga maphunziro ndi maphunziro;
(5) Kulephera kulemba moona mtima kafukufuku ndi kasamalidwe ka ngozi zobisika kapena kulephera kudziwitsa akatswiri:
(6) Kulephera kupanga mapulani opulumutsira mwadzidzidzi kwa ngozi zopanga chitetezo molingana ndi malamulo kapena kulephera kukonza zoyeserera pafupipafupi;
(7) Ogwira ntchito zapadera amalephera kulandira maphunziro apadera a chitetezo cha chitetezo ndikupeza ziyeneretso zofanana malinga ndi malamulo, ndikugwira ntchito zawo.
Zisanu ndi ziwiri, chitani ntchito yabwino pakuwongolera malo opangira
M'malo mwake, zomwe ndimakonda kwambiri kulemba ndi gawo loyang'anira malo, chifukwa ndawona zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa pantchito yoyang'anira kwa zaka zambiri. Nawa zochitika zingapo.
(1) M’chipinda cha makompyuta muli zinthu zachilendo
Kutentha m'chipinda chopangira magetsi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera chifukwa cha makina opangira madzi omwe amazungulira ndikutulutsa magetsi. Chifukwa chake, mchipinda china chaching'ono komanso chosasamalidwa bwino chopangira mphamvu yamadzi, ndizofala kuti ogwira ntchito aziwumitsa zovala pafupi ndi turbine yamadzi. Nthawi zina, kuyanika kumawonedwa. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zaulimi, kuphatikiza koma osati zouma radishes, tsabola zouma, ndi mbatata zouma.
M'malo mwake, ndikofunikira kuti chipinda cha hydropower station chizikhala chaukhondo momwe mungathere ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyaka. Zachidziwikire, ndizomveka kuti ogwira ntchito aziwumitsa zinthu pafupi ndi turbine kuti akhale ndi moyo, koma ziyenera kutsukidwa munthawi yake.
Nthawi zina, zimapezeka kuti magalimoto amayimitsidwa m'chipinda cha makina. Izi ndizochitika zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa nthawi yomweyo. Palibe magalimoto ofunikira kuti apangidwe saloledwa kuyimitsidwa m'chipinda cha makina.
M'malo ena ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, zinthu zakunja zomwe zili m'chipinda cha makompyuta zimatha kuyambitsa ngozi, koma kuchuluka kwake ndi kochepa. Mwachitsanzo, chitseko cha poyatsira moto chimatsekedwa ndi mabenchi a zida ndi zinyalala, zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, ndipo mabatire ndi oyaka komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zida zambiri zophulika zimayikidwa kwakanthawi muchipinda cha makompyuta.
(2) Ogwira ntchito sakudziwa za kupanga bwino
Monga makampani apadera pamakampani opanga magetsi, ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zingwe zamagetsi zapakatikati komanso zamphamvu kwambiri, motero kavalidwe kamayenera kukhala koyendetsedwa bwino. Tawonapo ogwira ntchito atavala ma vests, ogwira ntchito ovala masilipi, komanso ogwira ntchito atavala masiketi pamalo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Onse akuyenera kusiya ntchito zawo nthawi yomweyo, ndipo atha kukagwira ntchito atavala motsatira zofunikira zachitetezo chapamalo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi.
Ndawonanso kumwa pa nthawi ya ntchito. Pamalo aang'ono kwambiri opangira magetsi amadzi, panali amalume awiri omwe anali pantchito panthawiyo. Pafupi ndi iwo munali mphodza wankhuku. Amalume aŵiriwo anali atakhala kunja kwa nyumba ya fakitale, ndipo panali kapu ya vinyo pamaso pa munthu mmodzi amene anali pafupi kumwa. Zinali zaulemu kwambiri kutiwona pano: "O, atsogoleri ochepa abweranso, mwadya kale? Tiyeni tipange magalasi awiri pamodzi."
Palinso zochitika zomwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokha. Tikudziwa kuti ntchito za magetsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala anthu awiri kapena kuposerapo, ndipo chofunika ndi "munthu m'modzi kuti ateteze munthu mmodzi", zomwe zingapewe ngozi zambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tiyenera kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa “Ma Invoice Awiri ndi Njira Zitatu” popanga malo opangira mphamvu yamadzi. Kukhazikitsa kwa "Mainvoice Awiri ndi Njira Zitatu" kumatha kuchita bwino kwambiri popanga bwino.
8. Chitani ntchito yabwino mu kasamalidwe ka chitetezo pa nthawi zofunika
Pali nthawi zazikulu ziwiri zomwe malo opangira magetsi amadzi ayenera kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe:
(1) M’nyengo ya kusefukira kwa madzi, masoka achiwiri obwera chifukwa cha mvula yamphamvu ayenera kupewedwa mosamalitsa m’nyengo ya chigumula. Pali mfundo zazikulu zitatu: imodzi ndiyo kusonkhanitsa ndi kudziwitsa zambiri za kusefukira kwa madzi, yachiwiri ndikufufuza ndikuwongolera zoletsa zobisika za kusefukira, ndipo yachitatu ndikusunga zida zokwanira zowongolera kusefukira.
(2) M’nyengo yotentha kwambiri ya nkhalango m’nyengo yachisanu ndi masika, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kasamalidwe ka moto wolusa m’nyengo yachisanu ndi masika. Pano tikukamba za “moto wa kuthengo” umene umakhudza zinthu zambiri za m’kati, monga kusuta fodya m’thengo, kuwotcha mapepala m’thengo popereka nsembe, ndiponso ntchentche zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthengo. Mikhalidwe ya makina owotcherera magetsi ndi zida zina zonse ndizomwe zimafunikira kasamalidwe kokhazikika.
Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakufunika kolimbikitsa kuyendera njira zotumizira ndi kugawira madera okhudza nkhalango. M'zaka zaposachedwa, talandira zinthu zambiri zoopsa pamizere yotumizira ndi kugawa, kuphatikizapo koma osati: mtunda wapakati pa mizere yothamanga kwambiri ndi mitengo ndi yaikulu. Posachedwapa, n'zosavuta kuyambitsa zoopsa zamoto, kuwonongeka kwa mizere ndi kuwononga mabanja akumidzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-04-2022
