Turbin ruwa wani nau'in injin turbine ne a cikin injinan ruwa. Tun kimanin shekara ta 100 BC, an haifi samfurin injin turbin ruwa. A wancan lokacin babban aikin shi ne tuka injinan sarrafa hatsi da ban ruwa. Turbine na ruwa, a matsayin na'urar injina da ke aiki da kwararar ruwa, ya haɓaka zuwa injin injin ɗin na yanzu, kuma an faɗaɗa ikon yin amfani da shi. Sannan ina aka fi amfani da injinan ruwa na zamani?
An fi amfani da injin turbin ruwa don tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita. Lokacin da nauyin tsarin wutar lantarki ya kasance ƙasa da nauyin asali, ana iya amfani da shi azaman famfo na ruwa don yin amfani da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa don zubar da ruwa daga tafki na ƙasa zuwa tafki na sama da kuma adana makamashi a cikin nau'i na makamashi mai mahimmanci; Lokacin da nauyin tsarin ya fi girma fiye da nauyin tushe, ana iya amfani da shi azaman turbine na ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki don daidaita nauyin nauyi. Sabili da haka, tashar wutar lantarki mai tsabta mai tsabta ba zai iya ƙara ƙarfin tsarin wutar lantarki ba, amma zai iya inganta tattalin arzikin aiki na sassan samar da wutar lantarki da kuma inganta ingantaccen tsarin wutar lantarki. Tun daga shekarun 1950s, rukunin ma'ajiyar famfo sun sami kima sosai kuma an haɓaka su cikin sauri a duk faɗin duniya.
Rukunin ma'ajiyar famfo da aka haɓaka a farkon matakin ko kuma tare da babban kan ruwa galibi suna ɗaukar nau'in injin guda uku, wato, sun ƙunshi injin janareta, injin injin ruwa da famfo na ruwa a jere. Fa'idarsa ita ce, injin turbin ruwa da famfo na ruwa an kera su daban, wanda zai iya yin aiki mai girma, kuma jujjuyawar naúrar iri ɗaya ce yayin samar da famfo, wanda za'a iya canza shi da sauri daga samar da wutar lantarki zuwa famfo, ko daga famfo zuwa samar da wutar lantarki. A lokaci guda, ana iya amfani da injin turbin don fara naúrar. Rashinsa shine tsada mai tsada da kuma babban jari a tashar wutar lantarki.
Wuraren mai gudu na famfo mai karkatar da ruwa na iya jujjuyawa kuma har yanzu suna da kyakkyawan aikin aiki lokacin da kan ruwa da kaya suka canza. Duk da haka, iyakance ta hanyar halayen hydraulic da ƙarfin kayan aiki, iyakar ruwansa shine kawai 136.2m a farkon 1980s (Kogen No. 1 power station a Japan). Don manyan shugabannin ruwa, ana buƙatar injin turbines na Francis.
Tashar wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita tana sanye da tafki na sama da na ƙasa. A ƙarƙashin yanayin adana makamashi iri ɗaya, haɓaka kai zai iya rage ƙarfin ajiya, ƙara saurin naúrar da rage farashin aikin. Don haka, manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki da ke sama da mita 300 suna haɓaka cikin sauri. An shigar da injin injin famfo na Francis tare da mafi girman kan ruwa a duniya a tashar wutar lantarki ta Beinabashta a Yugoslavia. Ƙarfinsa guda ɗaya shine 315 MW kuma shugaban ruwa na turbine shine mita 600.3; Famfu yana da shugaban 623.1m da jujjuyawar saurin 428.6 R / min. An fara aiki da shi a cikin 1977. Tun daga karni na 20, raka'o'in wutar lantarki na ruwa suna tasowa zuwa manyan sigogi da babban iko. Tare da karuwar karfin wuta a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki da kuma bunkasa makamashin nukiliya, don magance matsalar aski mai dacewa, kasashe a duk duniya suna aiki tuƙuru don gina tashoshin wutar lantarki da ke da ƙarfi baya ga haɓaka ko faɗaɗa manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki a cikin manyan hanyoyin ruwa. Saboda haka, famfo turbines sun ci gaba da sauri.
A matsayin injin wutar lantarki wanda ke canza makamashin kwararar ruwa zuwa makamashin injina mai jujjuyawa, injin turbin ruwa wani bangare ne da babu makawa a cikin saitin janareta na ruwa. A halin yanzu, matsalar kare muhalli tana ƙara yin tsanani. Hydropower, hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta amfani da makamashi mai tsafta, yana haɓaka aikace-aikacensa da haɓakawa. Domin yin cikakken amfani da albarkatun ruwa daban-daban, tides, filayen kogunan da ke da ƙarancin faɗuwar ruwa har ma da raƙuman ruwa sun jawo hankalin jama'a, wanda ya haifar da haɓakar injin turbines da sauran ƙananan raka'a.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-06-2022
