Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa turbine ya Francis

Turbine yamadzi ndi mtundu wa makina a turbine mu makina amadzimadzi. Kale kwambiri cha m'ma 100 BC, chitsanzo cha turbine yamadzi - turbine yamadzi chinayamba. Panthawiyo, ntchito yayikulu inali kuyendetsa makina opangira tirigu ndi kuthirira. Turbine yamadzi, monga chipangizo chamakina choyendetsedwa ndi madzi, yakula kufika pa turbine yamadzi yomwe ilipo, ndipo malo ake ogwiritsira ntchito awonjezekanso. Ndiye kodi ma turbine amadzi amakono amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti makamaka?

Turbine yamadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa malo osungira magetsi opompedwa. Pamene katundu wa makina amagetsi uli wochepa kuposa katundu woyambira, ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pampu yamadzi kuti ugwiritse ntchito mphamvu yochulukirapo yopanga magetsi kupompa madzi kuchokera ku thanki yotsika kupita ku thanki yokwera ndikusunga mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu yomwe ingatheke; Pamene katundu wa makinawo uli wokwera kuposa katundu woyambira, ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati turbine yamadzi kuti upange magetsi kuti usinthe katundu wokwera. Chifukwa chake, malo osungira magetsi opompedwa okha sangawonjezere mphamvu ya makina amagetsi, koma angawongolere ndalama zogwirira ntchito zamayunitsi opangira magetsi otentha ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a makina amagetsi. Kuyambira m'ma 1950, mayunitsi osungira magetsi opompedwa akhala akuyamikiridwa kwambiri ndikupangidwa mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi.

Magawo osungiramo zinthu omwe amapangidwa pachiyambi kapena okhala ndi madzi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya makina, kutanthauza kuti, amapangidwa ndi injini ya jenereta, turbine yamadzi ndi pompo yamadzi motsatizana. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti turbine yamadzi ndi pompo yamadzi zimapangidwa padera, zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo njira yozungulira ya chipangizocho ndi yofanana popanga ndi kupompa, zomwe zimatha kusinthidwa mwachangu kuchokera pakupanga magetsi kupita pa kupompa, kapena kuchokera pa kupompa kupita pakupanga magetsi. Nthawi yomweyo, turbine ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambitsa chipangizocho. Zoyipa zake ndi mtengo wokwera komanso ndalama zambiri pa siteshoni yamagetsi.

Masamba a turbine yothamanga ya pampu yoyenda bwino amatha kuzungulira ndipo amagwirabe ntchito bwino pamene mutu wa madzi ndi katundu zikusintha. Komabe, chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake a hydraulic ndi mphamvu zake, mutu wake wamadzi wapamwamba kwambiri unali 136.2m kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 (Kogen No. 1 power station ku Japan). Pa mitu yamadzi yapamwamba, ma turbine a Francis pump amafunika.

Malo osungira magetsi opompedwa ali ndi malo osungira magetsi apamwamba ndi otsika. Pokhala ndi mphamvu zomwezo, kuwonjezera mphamvu kumatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yosungira, kuwonjezera liwiro la unit ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa polojekiti. Chifukwa chake, malo osungira magetsi amphamvu opitilira mamita 300 akukula mofulumira. Turbine ya Francis pump yokhala ndi mutu wamadzi wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yayikidwa ku siteshoni yamagetsi ya beinabashta ku Yugoslavia. Mphamvu yake ya unit imodzi ndi 315 MW ndipo mutu wamadzi wa turbine ndi mamita 600.3; Pampu ili ndi mutu wa 623.1m ndi liwiro lozungulira la 428.6 R / min. idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1977. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 2000, mayunitsi amagetsi amadzi akhala akukula kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamoto mumakina amagetsi ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu ya nyukiliya, kuti athetse vuto la kumeta bwino, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akumanga mwachangu malo osungira magetsi opompedwa kuwonjezera pakupanga kapena kukulitsa mwamphamvu malo akuluakulu amagetsi m'makina akuluakulu amadzi. Chifukwa chake, ma turbine amagetsi apangidwa mwachangu.

Monga makina opangira magetsi omwe amasintha mphamvu ya madzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina yozungulira, turbine yamadzi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa jenereta ya turbine yamadzi. Masiku ano, vuto la kuteteza chilengedwe likukulirakulira. Hydropower, njira yopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyera, ikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kulimbikitsa. Pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamadzimadzi, mafunde, mitsinje yopanda madzi yokhala ndi mafunde ochepa komanso mafunde ofanana nawonso akope chidwi cha anthu ambiri, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ma turbine a tubular ndi mayunitsi ena ang'onoang'ono apangidwe mwachangu.