I-Reaction turbine luhlobo lomatshini osebenza ngoxinzelelo lwendalo oguqula amandla oxinzelelo lwehydraulic abe ngamandla omatshini ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo lokuhamba kwamanzi.
(1) Isakhiwo.Awona malungu aphambili olwakhiwo lwe-injini yokusabela abandakanya imbaleki, igumbi le-headrace, indlela yesikhokelo samanzi kunye netyhubhu eyidrafti.
1) Imbaleki.Imbaleki licandelo leinjini yoxinzelelo lwehydraulic eguqula amandla okuhamba kwamanzi abe ngamandla omatshini ajikelezayo.Ngokwezalathiso zoguqulo lwamandla ohlukeneyo amanzi, izakhiwo zembaleki zeeinjini zokusabela ezahlukeneyo nazo zahlukile.Imbaleki yeinjini yomoya kaFrancis yenziwe ngamagqabi ajijekileyo, isithsaba sevili kunye neringi esezantsi;Imbaleki ye-axial-flow turbine yenziwe ngamaphiko, umzimba wembaleki, ikhowuni yokukhupha kunye namanye amacandelo aphambili: ulwakhiwo lwembaleki ethambekileyo ye-injini ye-injini inzima.I-angle yokubeka i-blade inokutshintsha kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwaye ifanise ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo.Umgca osembindini wojikelezo lwencakuba wenza i-engile ejiyileyo (45 ° ~ 60 °) kunye ne-axis yeinjini yomoya.
2) Igumbi le-Headrace.Umsebenzi wayo kukwenza amanzi ahambe ngokulinganayo kwindlela yesikhokelo samanzi, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-hydraulic turbine.I-Metal spiral case enecandelo lesetyhula isoloko isetyenziselwa iiiturbines zehydraulic ezinkulu neziphakathi ezinentloko yamanzi ngaphezu kwe-50m, kwaye i-concrete spiral case enecandelo le-trapezoidal isoloko isetyenziselwa iiiturbines ezinentloko yamanzi ngaphantsi kwe-50m.
3) Indlela yesikhokelo samanzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulunqwe linani elithile lee-vanes zesikhokelo ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye neendlela ezijikelezayo ezicwangciswe ngokufanayo kumda wembaleki.Umsebenzi wayo kukukhokela ukuhamba kwamanzi kwimbaleki ngokulinganayo, kwaye utshintshe ukuhamba kwe-hydraulic turbine ngokulungelelanisa ukuvulwa kwe-vane yesikhokelo, ukuze kuhlangabezane neemfuno zomthwalo weyunithi ye-generator.Ikwadlala indima yokutywinwa kwamanzi xa ivalwe ngokupheleleyo.
4) Drafti ityhubhu.Inxalenye yamandla aseleyo kumbhobho wamanzi kwindawo yokuphuma ayisetyenziswanga.Umsebenzi wetyhubhu eyidrafti kukubuyisela la mandla kunye nokukhupha amanzi ezantsi.Ityhubhu eyidrafti inokohlulwa ibe yimilo yekhowuni ethe tye kunye nemilo egobileyo.Eyangaphambili ine-coefficient yamandla amakhulu kwaye ifanelekile ngokubanzi kwiiinjini ezincinci ezithe tye kunye ne-tubular;Nangona ukusebenza kwehydraulic yale yokugqibela ingalunganga njengaleyo yekhowuni ethe tye, ubunzulu bokomba buncinci, kwaye busetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-injini yokusabela enkulu naphakathi.
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(2) Ukuhlelwa.Iinjini yokusabela yohlulwe yaba yiinjini yomoya kaFrancis, iturbine yediagonal, i-axial turbine kunye ne-tubular turbine ngokwecala lokuhamba kwamanzi adlula kumphezulu weshaft wembaleki.
1) Francis turbine.I-Francis (i-radial axial flow okanye i-Francis) iturbine luhlobo lweinjini yokusabela apho amanzi aqukuqela ngokwe-radially ejikeleze imbaleki kwaye aqukuqele nge-axially.Olu hlobo lwe turbine lunoluhlu olubanzi lwentloko esebenzayo (30 ~ 700m), isakhiwo esilula, umthamo omncinci kunye neendleko eziphantsi.Eyona turbine inkulu kaFrancis ethe yasetyenziswa e-China yiinjini yomoya ye-Ertan Hydropower Plant, enamandla aphumayo aqikelelwa ama-582mw kunye namandla aphezulu aphumayo angama-621 MW.
2) I-Axial flow turbine.I-axial flow turbine luhlobo lwe-reaction turbine apho amanzi angena naphumayo kwimbaleki nge-axially.Olu hlobo lwe-injini yomoya lwahlulwe lwaba ludidi olusisigxina lwepropeller (uhlobo lwe-screw propeller) kunye nohlobo lwe-rotary propeller (uhlobo lwe-Kaplan).Amagqabi angaphambili agxininiswe kwaye amaqabunga okugqibela angajikeleza.Umthamo wokukhupha we-axial-flow turbine mkhulu kunalowo we-Francis turbine.Ngenxa yokuba indawo ye-blade ye-rotor turbine inokutshintsha kunye nokutshintsha komthwalo, inokusebenza okuphezulu kuluhlu olukhulu lokutshintsha komthwalo.Ukuchasana kwe-cavitation kunye namandla omatshini we-axial-flow turbine mbi kakhulu kune-Francis turbine, kwaye isakhiwo sinzima ngakumbi.Okwangoku, intloko esebenzayo yolu hlobo lweinjini yomoya ifikelele ngaphezu kwama-80m.
3) I-Tubular turbine.Ukuhamba kwamanzi kolu hlobo lweinjini yomoya ahamba nge-axial ukusuka kwi-axial flow ukuya kwimbaleki, kwaye akukho jikelezo phambi nasemva kwembaleki.Uluhlu lwentloko yokusetyenziswa luyi-3 ~ 20 .. Ineenzuzo zobude obuncinci be-fuselage, iimeko zokuhamba kwamanzi ezilungileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle, ubuninzi bobunjineli boluntu, ixabiso eliphantsi, akukho volute kunye netyhubhu egobileyo, kunye nentloko yamanzi. zicace ngakumbi iingenelo zayo.
Ngokwendlela yoqhagamshelo kunye nothumelo lwejenereyitha, i-tubular turbine yahlulwe yaba luhlobo olupheleleyo lwe-tubular kunye nohlobo lwe-semi tubular.Uhlobo lwe-semi tubular luphinde lwahlulwe lube luhlobo lwebhalbhu, uhlobo lwe-shaft kunye nohlobo lolwandiso lwe-shaft, phakathi apho uhlobo lolwandiso lwe-shaft lwahlulwe lwaba yi-shaft ethambekele kunye ne-horizontal shaft.Okwangoku, ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu luhlobo lwe-bulb tubular, uhlobo lokwandiswa kwe-shaft kunye nohlobo lwe-shaft, olusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiyunithi ezincinci.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uhlobo lwe-shaft lukwasetyenziselwa iiyunithi ezinkulu kunye neziphakathi.
I-generator ye-axial extension tubular unit ifakwe ngaphandle komjelo wamanzi, kwaye i-generator idibaniswe ne-turbine yamanzi kunye ne-shaft ethambekele ende okanye i-horizontal shaft.Ubume bolu hlobo lolwandiso lwe-shaft lulula kunohlobo lwebhalbhu.
4) I-Diagonal flow turbine.Ubume kunye nobukhulu bokuhamba kwediagonal (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-diagonal) iturbine ephakathi kukaFrancis kunye ne-axial flow.Umahluko omkhulu kukuba umgca osembindini weblade yembaleki ukwi-engile ethile enomgca osembindini weinjini yomoya.Ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo, iyunithi ayivumelekanga ukucwina ngexesha lokusebenza, ngoko ke isixhobo sokukhusela i-axial displacement sifakwe kwisakhiwo sesibini ukukhusela ukungqubana phakathi kwe-blade kunye negumbi lomgijimi.Uluhlu lwentloko yosetyenziso lwe-diagonal flow turbine yi-25 ~ 200m.
Okwangoku, eyona yunithi inkulu inikwe amandla emveliso ethambekele yokuwisa emhlabeni yi-215MW (yayesakuba yiSoviet Union), kwaye eyona ntloko iphezulu yokusetyenziswa yi-136m (eJapan).
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-01-2021
