Reaction turbine yog ib yam ntawm hydraulic machinery uas hloov hydraulic zog mus rau txhua yam zog los ntawm kev siv lub siab ntawm cov dej ntws.
(1) Qauv.Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv turbine muaj xws li khiav, headrace chamber, dej qhia mechanism thiab cov raj raj.
1) Tus khiav.Khiav yog ib feem ntawm hydraulic turbine uas hloov dej ntws lub zog mus rau hauv lub zog txhua yam.Raws li kev sib txawv dej zog hloov pauv cov lus qhia, cov qauv khiav ntawm ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv turbines kuj txawv.Francis turbine khiav yog tsim los ntawm streamline twisted hniav, log yas thiab qis nplhaib;Tus khiav ntawm axial-flow turbine yog tsim los ntawm cov hniav, lub cev khiav, tawm lub khob hliav qab thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb: cov qauv ntawm inclined flow turbine runner yog complex.Lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov hniav tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm thiab phim qhov qhib ntawm phau ntawv qhia vane.Cov hniav rotation center kab tsim ib oblique lub kaum sab xis (45 ° ~ 60 °) nrog lub axis ntawm turbine.
2) Headrace Chamber.Nws txoj haujlwm yog ua kom cov dej ntws sib npaug mus rau cov dej qhia mechanism, txo lub zog poob thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm hydraulic turbine.Cov ntaub ntawv hlau nrog cov voj voog feem ntau yog siv rau qhov loj thiab nruab nrab-qhov loj me hydraulic turbines nrog lub taub hau dej saum toj 50m, thiab cov pob zeb ua ke nrog cov seem trapezoidal feem ntau yog siv rau turbines nrog dej taub hau hauv qab 50m.
3) Kev taw qhia dej mechanism.Nws yog feem ntau tsim los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm streamlined qhia vanes thiab lawv rotating mechanisms uniformly teem nyob rau hauv periphery ntawm tus khiav.Nws txoj haujlwm yog coj cov dej ntws mus rau tus neeg khiav dej num sib npaug, thiab hloov pauv los ntawm kev ntws ntawm hydraulic turbine los ntawm kev kho qhov qhib ntawm lub qhov taw qhia vane, thiaj li ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.Nws kuj ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm dej sealing thaum nws kaw tag nrho.
4) Draft tube.Ib feem ntawm lub zog ntxiv hauv cov dej ntws ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob khiav tsis tau siv.Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub raj xa dej yog kom rov qab tau lub zog no thiab tso tawm cov dej hauv qab.Draft raj tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub khob hliav qab ncaj thiab cov duab nkhaus.Lub qub muaj zog coefficient loj thiab feem ntau haum rau me me kab rov tav thiab tubular turbines;Txawm hais tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hydraulic tom kawg tsis zoo li qhov ncaj ntawm lub khob hliav qab, qhov kev khawb qhov tob yog me me, thiab nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv loj thiab nruab nrab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv turbine.
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(2) Kev faib tawm.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv turbine tau muab faib ua Francis turbine, kab pheeb ces kaum turbine, axial turbine thiab tubular turbine raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov dej ntws dhau los ntawm tus ncej ntawm tus khiav.
1) Francis turbine.Francis (radial axial flow los yog Francis) turbine yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv turbine uas dej ntws radially nyob ib ncig ntawm tus khiav thiab ntws axially.Hom turbine no muaj ntau yam siv tau lub taub hau (30 ~ 700m), cov qauv yooj yim, ntim me me thiab tus nqi qis.Qhov loj tshaj plaws Francis turbine uas tau muab tso rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog lub turbine ntawm Ertan Hydropower Plant, nrog rau cov zis zog ntawm 582mw thiab siab tshaj plaws tso zis zog ntawm 621 MW.
2) Axial flow turbine.Axial flow turbine yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv turbine uas cov dej ntws mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm tus khiav axially.Hom turbine no tau muab faib ua hom kiv cua ruaj khov (screw propeller type) thiab rotary propeller type (Kaplan type).Cov hniav ntawm lub qub yog tsau thiab cov hniav ntawm lub tom kawg tuaj yeem tig.Lub peev xwm tawm ntawm axial-flow turbine yog loj dua li ntawm Francis turbine.Vim hais tias cov hniav txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub rotor turbine tuaj yeem hloov nrog kev hloov pauv, nws muaj kev ua haujlwm siab hauv ntau qhov kev hloov pauv loj.Lub cavitation tsis kam thiab lub zog txhua yam ntawm axial-flow turbine yog qhov phem dua li ntawm Francis turbine, thiab cov qauv kuj tseem nyuaj dua.Tam sim no, lub taub hau siv tau ntawm hom turbine no tau mus txog ntau dua 80m.
3) Tubular turbine.Cov dej ntws ntawm hom turbine no ntws axially los ntawm axial ntws mus rau tus khiav, thiab tsis muaj kev sib hloov ua ntej thiab tom qab tus khiav.Kev siv lub taub hau yog 3 ~ 20.. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov siab me me, cov dej ntws zoo, kev ua haujlwm siab, tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob engineering kom muaj nuj nqis, tus nqi qis, tsis muaj volute thiab curved cua ntsawj ntshab raj, thiab qis dua lub taub hau dej, pom tseeb dua nws qhov zoo.
Raws li kev sib txuas thiab kev sib kis ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tubular turbine tau muab faib ua hom tubular tag nrho thiab semi tubular hom.Semi tubular hom yog ntxiv muab faib ua noob hom, ncej hom thiab ncej txuas ntxiv hom, ntawm cov ncej txuas ntxiv yog muab faib ua inclined ncej thiab kab rov tav ncej.Tam sim no, cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws yog lub teeb tubular hom, hom ncej txuas ntxiv thiab hom ncej, uas feem ntau yog siv rau me me.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, hom ncej kuj yog siv rau cov chav loj thiab nruab nrab.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub axial extension tubular chav tsev yog ntsia sab nraum cov dej channel, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas nrog cov dej turbine nrog ib tug ntev inclined ncej los yog kab rov tav ncej.Cov qauv ntawm no ncej txuas ntxiv yog yooj yim dua li ntawm lub teeb hom.
4) Diagonal flow turbine.Cov qauv thiab qhov loj ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum (tseem hu ua kab pheeb ces kaum) turbine yog nruab nrab ntawm Francis thiab axial flow.Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav sib tw yog nyob ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse nrog cov kab nruab nrab ntawm turbine.Vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, chav tsev tsis raug tso cai rau dab dej thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, yog li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv axial raug teeb tsa hauv cov qauv thib ob los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hniav thiab lub chamber khiav.Kev siv lub taub hau ntau ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum ntws yog 25 ~ 200m.
Tam sim no, qhov loj tshaj plaws ib chav ntsuas tso zis zog ntawm inclined poob turbine nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog 215MW (yav tas los Soviet Union), thiab lub taub hau siv siab tshaj plaws yog 136m (Nyiv).
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-01-2021
