Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeejenereyitha ze-hydro. Namhlanje, makhe sazise ngokweenkcukacha ijenereyitha ye-hydro ye-axial-flow. Ukusetyenziswa kwejenereyitha ye-hydro ye-axial-flow kwiminyaka yakutshanje ikakhulu kukuphuhliswa kwentloko yamanzi aphezulu kunye nobukhulu obukhulu. Uphuhliso lwee-turbines ze-axial-flow zasekhaya nalo lukhawuleza. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zee-turbines ze-axial-flow paddle ezifakwe kwisikhululo samandla e-hydropower saseGezhouba esakhiweyo, esinye sazo sinobubanzi be-runner be-11.3m, obububanzi be-runner yee-turbines ezifanayo kwihlabathi. Nazi izibonelelo kunye nokungalungi kwe-turbine ye-axial flow ephakathi.
Iingenelo ze-axial flow turbine
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-turbine kaFrancis, i-turbine ye-axial-flow inezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
1. Isantya esiphezulu kunye neempawu zamandla ezilungileyo. Ke ngoko, isantya sayo seyunithi kunye nokuhamba kweyunithi kuphezulu kuneso seFrancis turbine. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zentloko kunye nemveliso, inokunciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani beyunithi yokuvelisa i-hydraulic turbine, inciphise ubunzima beyunithi kwaye yonge ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, ukuze ibe neenzuzo eziphezulu kwezoqoqosho.
2. Ukuma komphezulu kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu wee-runner blades ze-axial-flow turbine kulula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenziwa. Ngenxa yokuba ii-blades ze-axial flow propeller turbine zinokujikeleza, ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kuphezulu kunokwe-Francis turbine. Xa umthwalo kunye nentloko zitshintsha, ukusebenza kakuhle akutshintshi kangako.
3. Iiblade ze-runner ze-axial flow paddle turbine zinokuhlulwa ukuze kube lula ukwenziwa kunye nokuthuthwa.
Ngoko ke, i-axial-flow turbine ihlala izinzile kuluhlu olukhulu lokusebenza, ayinakungcangcazela kakhulu, kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwaye ivelisa. Kuluhlu lwe-water head ephantsi, iphantse ithathe indawo ye-Francis turbine. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, iye yenza uphuhliso olukhulu kwaye yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokubhekiselele kumthamo weyunithi enye kunye ne-water head.
3, Iingxaki ze-axial flow turbine
Nangona kunjalo, i-axial-flow turbine nayo ineengxaki kwaye inciphisa umda wokusetyenziswa kwayo. Iingxaki zayo eziphambili zezi:
1. Inani leencakuba lincinci kwaye alinaziphene, ngoko ke amandla aphantsi kwaye akanakusetyenziswa kwizikhululo zamanzi eziphakathi neziphezulu.
2. Ngenxa yokuhamba kweyunithi enkulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu seyunithi, inobude obuncinci bokufunxa kune-Francis turbine phantsi kwentloko efanayo yamanzi, nto leyo ebangela ubunzulu obukhulu bokumba kunye notyalo-mali oluphezulu kwisiseko sesikhululo samandla.
Ngokweziphene ezingasentla ze-axial-flow turbine, intloko yokusetyenziswa kwe-axial-flow turbine iphuculwa rhoqo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezintsha ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-cavitation ekwenzeni i-turbine kunye nokuphucula imeko yoxinzelelo lwee-blades kuyilo. Okwangoku, uluhlu lwentloko yokusetyenziswa kwe-axial flow propeller turbine yi-3-90 m, engene kwindawo ye-Francis turbine. Umzekelo, imveliso yomatshini omnye we-* * * turbine yangaphandle ye-axial flow propeller yi-181700 kW, intloko ye-* * * yi-88m, kwaye ububanzi bomgijimi yi-10.3M. Imveliso enye ye-axial flow propeller turbine eveliswa eTshayina yi-175000 kW, intloko ye-* * * yi-78m, kwaye ububanzi be-* * * runner yi-11.3m. I-Axial flow fixed propeller turbine inee-blades ezizinzileyo kunye nesakhiwo esilula, kodwa ayinakuziqhelanisa nezikhululo zamandla ombane kunye notshintsho olukhulu kwintloko yamanzi kunye nomthwalo. Kwizikhululo ezinkulu zamanzi ezinentloko yamanzi ezinzileyo kwaye zisebenza njengomthwalo wesiseko okanye iiyunithi ezininzi, ingaqwalaselwa emva kothelekiso lwezoqoqosho xa amandla ombane exesha elithile eninzi. Uluhlu lwayo lweentloko zamanzi olusebenzayo yi-3-50m. I-Axial flow propeller turbine ngokubanzi isebenzisa isixhobo esithe nkqo, kwaye inkqubo yayo yokusebenza iyafana neye-Francis turbine, Umahluko kukuba xa umthwalo utshintsha, ayilawuli kuphela ukujikeleza kwe-guide vane, kodwa ikwalawula ukujikeleza kwe-runner blade ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kakuhle.
Sikwazise ne-Francis turbine ngaphambili. Phakathi kwee-hydro generators, i-Francis turbine yahlukile kakhulu kwi-axial-flow turbine. Umzekelo, iindlela zokwakha ze-runner yazo zahlukile. Iiblade ze-Francis turbine ziphantse zilingane ne-main shaft, ngelixa ezo ze-axial flow turbine ziphantse zithe nkqo kwi-main shaft.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-19-2022
