Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-hydro generator. Namuhla, ake sethule ngokuningiliziwe i-axial-flow hydro generator. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-axial-flow hydro generator eminyakeni yamuva nje ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwekhanda lamanzi aphezulu kanye nosayizi omkhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-axial-flow turbines asekhaya nakho kuyashesha. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-axial-flow paddle turbines afakwe esiteshini sikagesi iGezhouba esakhiwe, esinye sazo esinobubanzi obuyi-11.3m, obuyi-runner diameter yama-turbines afanayo emhlabeni. Nazi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwe-intermediate axial flow turbine.
Izinzuzo ze-axial flow turbine
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-turbine kaFrancis, i-turbine yokugeleza kwe-axial inezinzuzo ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
1. Isivinini esiphezulu kanye nezici ezinhle zamandla. Ngakho-ke, isivinini sayo seyunithi kanye nokugeleza kweyunithi kuphakeme kunese-Francis turbine. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zekhanda kanye nokukhipha, inganciphisa kakhulu usayizi weyunithi yejeneretha ye-hydraulic turbine, inciphise isisindo seyunithi futhi yonge ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, ngakho-ke inezinzuzo eziphezulu zomnotho.
2. Ukuma kobuso kanye nobukhali bobuso bama-runner blades e-axial-flow turbine kulula ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ekukhiqizeni. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-blades e-axial flow propeller turbine angajikeleza, ukusebenza kahle okumaphakathi kuphakeme kunokwe-Francis turbine. Lapho umthwalo nekhanda kushintsha, ukusebenza kahle akushintshanga kangako.
3. Ama-runner blades e-axial flow paddle turbine angahlakazwa ukuze kube lula ukukhiqiza nokuthuthwa.
Ngakho-ke, i-axial-flow turbine ihlala izinzile ebangeni elikhulu lokusebenza, inokudlidliza okuncane, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ikhipha kahle. Ebangeni lekhanda lamanzi aphansi, cishe ithatha indawo ye-Francis turbine. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, iye yaba nentuthuko enkulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi maqondana nomthamo weyunithi eyodwa kanye nekhanda lamanzi.
3, Okubi kwe-axial flow turbine
Kodwa-ke, i-axial-flow turbine nayo inezinkinga futhi inciphisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwayo. Izinkinga zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:
1. Inani lama-blade lincane futhi alinawo ugesi, ngakho-ke amandla aphansi futhi awakwazi ukusetshenziswa eziteshini zamandla kagesi ezisezingeni eliphakathi neliphezulu.
2. Ngenxa yokugeleza okukhulu kweyunithi kanye nesivinini esikhulu seyunithi, inokuphakama okuncane kokumunca kune-Francis turbine ngaphansi kwekhanda lamanzi elifanayo, okuholela ekujuleni okukhulu kokumba kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwesisekelo sesiteshi samandla.
Ngokusho kokushiyeka okungenhla kwe-axial-flow turbine, ikhanda lokusebenza le-axial-flow turbine lithuthukiswa njalo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana ne-cavitation ekukhiqizweni kwe-turbine kanye nokuthuthukisa isimo sokucindezeleka kwama-blades ekuklanyweni. Njengamanje, ububanzi bekhanda lokusebenza le-axial flow propeller turbine bungu-3-90 m, obungene endaweni ye-Francis turbine. Isibonelo, umkhiqizo womshini owodwa we-* * * we-axial flow propeller turbine yangaphandle ungu-181700 kW, ikhanda * * * lingu-88m, kanti ububanzi bomgijimi bungu-10.3M. Umkhiqizo owodwa we-axial flow propeller turbine ekhiqizwa eShayina ungu-175000 kW, ikhanda * * * lingu-78m, kanti ububanzi be-* * * runner bungu-11.3m. I-Axial flow fixed propeller turbine inama-blades aqinile kanye nesakhiwo esilula, kodwa ayikwazi ukuzivumelanisa neziteshi zamandla kagesi ngezinguquko ezinkulu ekhanda lamanzi kanye nomthwalo. Eziteshini ezinkulu zikagesi zamanzi ezinekhanda lamanzi elizinzile futhi ezisebenza njengomthwalo oyisisekelo noma amayunithi amaningi, kungacatshangelwa futhi ngemva kokuqhathaniswa kwezomnotho lapho amandla kagesi esizini eningi. Ububanzi bawo obusebenzayo bekhanda lamanzi bungu-3-50m. I-Axial flow propeller turbine ngokuvamile isebenzisa idivayisi eqondile, futhi inqubo yayo yokusebenza ifana kakhulu neye-Francis turbine, Umehluko uwukuthi lapho umthwalo ushintsha, awugcini nje ngokulawula ukujikeleza kwe-guide vane, kodwa futhi ulawula ukujikeleza kwe-runner blade ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Siphinde sethule i-turbine kaFrancis ngaphambili. Phakathi kwama-hydro generator, i-turbine kaFrancis ihluke kakhulu kwi-turbine ye-axial-flow. Isibonelo, izinhlobo zesakhiwo se-runner yazo zihlukile. Ama-blade e-turbine kaFrancis acishe afane ne-shaft eyinhloko, kuyilapho lawo e-turbine ye-axial flow cishe eqonde ngqo ku-shaft eyinhloko.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-19-2022
